i+think...

interj. then! yes, then! er ek get þána, then I guess! Hbl. 58; þána is hardly a verb, although Egilsson (Lex. Poët.) explains it = þeyju = I think it will thaw.

t; for the origin of this word see þekkja, which is the true old Norse form; [þenkja is a mod. word from Germ. denken, whence Dan. tænke]:—to think; this word first appears at or shortly before the Reformation; hann kvað sér þenkjast, Skáld H. 7. 5; in the Osvalds S., since in the Bible, in hymns, Pass., Vídal.; skal eg þá þurfa að þenkja, hann þyrmi einum mér, Hallgr.: in Sturl. i. 83 (the Editions) and in Lv. 48 this word is due to a mod. interpolation.

1) an isolated farm;

2) in foreign countries, a thorp or village (Írar hlaupa saman í eitt þorp);

3) an open, unsheltered place (hrørnar þöll, sú er stendr þorpi á).

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n. [Ulf. þaurp = ἀγρός, once in Nehem. v. 16; A. S. and Hel. þorp; Old Engl. thorp; O. H. G. and Germ. dorf; Lat. turba is taken to be the same word: this word, we think, was originally applied to the cottages of the poorer peasantry crowded together in a hamlet, instead of each house standing in its own enclosure, like the ‘tún’ or ‘bær’ or ‘garðr’ of the ‘búandi,’ hence þorpari = a churl (see below); the etymological sense being a crowd, throng, as seen in þyrpast, þyrping (qq. v.), as also in Lat. turba]:

I. a hamlet, village, rarely of an isolated farm; fóru þau um kveldit í annat þorp skamt þaðan, … Þorsteinn hét þar bóndi, Hkr. i. 189 (in East-Norway), Fms. x. 219; margir vóru búendr þar í þorpinu, Ó. H. 151; til Níðaróss, þar var þorp nokkut sett ok kaupstaðr, Fms. x. 294; um þorp ok um bæi (Scotland), Orkn. 78; in Edda 108, þorp ef þrír eru, …

2. when used of foreign countries it means a thorp or village; borgir, kastalar, þorp, Fms. vii. 94; þorp ok tún, Sks. 631; Írar hlaupa saman í eitt þorp, Ld. 78; borg eða þorp, Stj. 96, 183; þar (in Frisland) varð brátt fyrir þeim þorp eitt ok bygðu þar margir bændr, Eg. 528: Lat. villa is rendered ‘þorp,’ Róm. 132, Hom. (St.), (= Matt. xxii. 5); þorpin stóðu á bryggjunum ok mikit fjölmenni í þeim þorpum (of London), O. H. L. ch. 10: metaph., þrætu-þorp, the abode of quarrel, i. e. the mouth, Fms. vi. (in a verse).

3. the word occurs twice in poets in the same sense as in the Goth., a land; hrörnar þöll sú er stendr þorpi á, hlýrat henni börkr né barr, Hm. 49 (here ‘þorp’ seems to mean a field, fenced place, or garden, as opp. to the ‘wood’); þrjár þjóðár falla þorp yfir meyja Mögþrasis, three great rivers fall over the field of the Norns, Vþm. 49.

II. very freq. as the second compd of Dan. local names, as -trup, or - rup dropping the t, Hos-trup, Kra-rup, Kolde-rup, Vins-trup, Sverd- rup; but in early Dan. - torp or -thorp, thus Bukke- thorp, Thume- thorp, Ny- thorp = mod. Dan. Nyrup, and in many names of places, see Dipl. Thorkel. passim; so also Engl. - thorp and Germ. -dorf: in Norway such local names are rare, in Iceland still more so, yet a Þorpar, f. pl., occurs in western Iceland, in Stranda-sýsla, called ‘í Þorpum.’ The reason is that in flat countries cottages lie closer together than in a mountainous country.

(pl. -ir), f. thousand.

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f.; sérhverja þúsund, Stj. 298; á þúsund (dat.), Sks. 705; tvær, þrjár … þúsundir, 623. 53: in mod. usage it is mostly neut. (influenced by Latin?), but also fem. It is spelt þús-hund, Barl. 53; þús-hundum, Fms. vi. 409 (v. l.), Geisli 49; another form þús-hundrað (q. v.) is freq., esp. in Stj., Barl.; this double form -hund and -hundrað answers to the equally double form of ‘hundred,’ see p. 292, and is a proof that þúsund is a compound word, the latter part of which is ‘hund’ or ‘hundred;’ the etymology of the former part ‘þús’ is less certain; it is, we believe, akin to þysja, þyss, þaus-nir (a lost strong verb þúsa, þaus, þusu); þúsund would thus literally mean a swarm of hundreds: [in Goth. the gender varies, þûsundi, pl. þusundjos = χίλιοι, or þusundja, neut.; A. S. þûsend; Engl. thousand; O. H. G. dusunta; Germ. tausend, qs. dausend; Swed. tusende and tusen; Dan. tusinde; Dutch tuysend: this word is also common to the Slavon. languages: again, the Lapp, duhat and Finn. tuhat are no doubt borrowed from the Slavon. or Scandin.; the Gr., Lat., and Sansk. use other words]—a thousand.

B. There is little doubt that with the ancient heathen Scandinavians (and perhaps all Teutons), before their contact with the civilised southern people, the notion of numbers was limited, and that their thousand was not a definite number, but a vague term, denoting a swarm, crowd, host (cp. the Gr. μυρίοι): in ancient lays it occurs thrice (Hkv., Em., Fas. i. 502), but indefinitely; hvat þrym er þar sem þúsund bifisk eðr mengi til mikit, what a din is there as if a thousand were shaking, or an over-mickle multitude, Em. 2; sjau þúsundir, Hkv. 1. 49, literally = seven thousands, but in fact meaning seven hosts of men.

2. the dat. pl. þúsundum is, like huudruðum, used adverbially = by thousands, in countless numbers, Fms. vi. 409 (in a verse), Geisli 49.

3. in the ancient popular literature, uninfluenced by southern writers, ‘þúsund,’ as a definite number, occurs, we think, not half-a-dozen times. As the multiple of ten duodecimal hundreds, ere the decimal hundred was adopted, ‘þnsund’ would mean twelve decimal hundreds; and such is its use in the Sverris Saga, Fms. viii. 40, where one vellum says ‘tvær þúsundir,’ whilst the others, by a more idiomatic phrase, call it ‘twenty hundreds.’

II. in ecclesiastical writers, and in annals influenced by the Latin and the like, it is frequent enough; tíu þúsundir, fjórtán þúsundir, Fms. i. 107, 108 (annalistic records); fimm þúsundir, xi. 386, Al. 111; tíu þúsundum, Sks. 705; tíu þúsundum sinna hundrað þúsunda, Hom.; þúsund þúsunda, a thousand of thousands, i. e. a million, (mod.); hundrað þúsundir rasta ok átta tigir þúsunda, … hundrað þúsund mílna, Fb. i. 31 (in the legend of Eric the Far-traveller and Paradise, taken from some church-legend); fjórar þúsundir, Þiðr. 234: or of the years of the world, sex þúsundir vetra, Fs. 197; sjau þúsundir vetra, Landn. 34.

C. REMARKS.—The popular way of counting high numbers was not by thousands, but by tens (decades) and duodecimal hundreds as factors; thus ten … twenty hundreds, and then going on three, four, five, six … tens of hundreds (a ‘ten of hundreds’ being = 1200). The following references may illustrate this—tíu hundruð, ellefu hundruð, tólf hundruð, þrettán hundruð, fimtán hundruð …, Íb. 17, Ó. H. 119, 201, Fms. vii. 295, xi. 383, 385. From twenty and upwards—tuttugu hundrað manna, twenty hundreds of men, Fms. vii. 324, viii. 40; hálfr þriðitugr hundraða skipa, two tens and a half hundreds of ships, i. e. twenty-five hundreds, Fas. i. 378; þrjá tigu hundraða manna, three tens of hundreds of men, Fms. viii. 311; var skorat manntal, hafði hann meirr enn þrjá tigu hundraða manna, vii. 204; þrír tigir hundraða, D. N. v. 18; user fjorir tigir hundraða manna, nearly four tens of hundreds of men, Fms. vii. 275; á fimta tigi hundraða, on the fifth ten of hundreds, i. e. from four to five tens of hundreds, viii. 321; sex tigir hundraða, six tens of hundreds, 311, xi. 390; sex tigu hundraða manna, Fb. ii. 518, D. I. i. 350,—all odd amounts being neglected. The highest number recorded as actually reckoned in this way is ‘six tens of hundreds’ (fimtán tigir hundraða, fifteen tens of hundreds, Fms. viii. 321, v. l., is a scribe’s error): it is probable that no reckoning exceeded twelve tens of hundreds. All high multiples were unintelligible to the ancients; the number of the Einherjar in Walhalla is in the old lay Gm. thus expressed,—there are ‘five hundred doors in Walhalla, and five tens beside (the ‘five tens’ are, by the way, merely added for alliteration’s sake), and eight hundred Einherjar will walk out of each door when they go out to fight the Wolf’ (on the Day of final Doom). There seems to have been some dim exaggerated notion of a definite thousand in an ancient lay, only preserved in a half alliterative prose paraphrase, Fas. i. 502, where a mythical host is given thus,—there were thirty-three phalanxes, each of five ‘thousand,’ each thousand of thirteen hundreds, each hundred four times counted. The armies in the battle of Brawalla, the greatest of the mythical age, are given, not in numbers, but by the space the ranks occupied, Skjöld. S. ch. 8. This resembles the story in Ó. H. ch. 59, of the two young brothers, king’s sons: when asked what they would like to have most of, the one said: ‘Cows.’ ‘And how many?’ ‘As many,’ said he, ‘as could stand packed in a row round the lake (Mjösen in Norway) and drink.’ ‘But you?’ they asked the other boy: ‘House-carles’ (soldiers), said he. ‘And how many?’ ‘As many,’ said he, ‘as would in one meal eat up all my brother’s cows.’ Add also the tale of the King and the Giant, and the number of the giant’s house-carles, Maurer’s Volksagen 306. No less elementary was the rule for division and fractions, of which a remarkable instance is preserved in an ancient Icelandic deed, called Spákonu-arfr, published in D. I. i. 305. See also the words tigr, hundrað, skor, skora, and the remarks in Gramm. p. xix. The Homeric numeration, as set forth in Mr. Gladstone’s Homeric Studies, vol. iii, p. 425 sqq., is highly interesting, and bears a striking resemblance to that of the ancient Scandinavians. We may notice that in Iceland land and property are still divided into hundreds (hundreds of ells = 120), see hundrað B; in this case a thousand is never used, but units and hundreds of hundreds as factors, thus, sex tögu hundraða, in Reykh. Máld, (a deed of the 12th century), and so still in mod. usage; a wealthy man of the 15th century is said to have bequeathed to his daughters in land, ‘tólf hundruð hundraða ok ellefu-tíu og tvau hundruð betr, en í lausafé fimm hundruð hundraða,’ i. e. twelve hundreds of hundreds and ‘eleventy’ and two hundreds, and in movables five hundreds of hundreds, Feðga-æfi 16 (by the learned Bogi Benidiktsson of Staðarfell in Iceland, A. D. 1771–1849); sjau hundruð hundraða og þrjátigi hundruð betr, 21; hann eptir-lét börnum sínum fjármuni upp á níu hundruð hundraða, 22,—a proof that in very remote times, when this valuation of land first took place, ‘thousand’ was still unknown as a definite number.

(-rða, -rðr), v.

1) to disgrace, dishonour (afvirða náunga sinn);

afvirða fyrir e-m, to throw a slur on one;

2) to detest, abhor (afvirða ódáðirnar);

refl., afvirðast, to think it unworthy of oneself, with infin.

1) svá f., such-like, so made or constituted (hví man hinn sami maðr svá f.); svá f. órskurðr, a decision as follows;

2) vel, illa f., well, ill-disposed (hann var vænn maðr ok vel f.); fitted, worthy (bezt til konungs f.); at hann væri betr til f. at deyja fyrir þá sök en faðir hans, that he more deserved to die than his father did;

3) neut., fallit, fit; ok hætti þá er honum þótti f., stopped when he thought fit; kallaði vel til f., said it was quite right;

4) suited to one (e-m); eigi þykki mér þér sú ferð vel fallin, I think this journey will not do for thee.

(sœki, sótta, sóttr), v.

1) to seek (hann ætlar at s. sér kirkjuvið ok siglir þegar á haf); þangat sœkir þik engi, no one will seek thee thither; s. heilræði ok traust at e-m, to seek good counsel and help from one; s. um liðveizlu við e-n, to call on one for support;

2) to go to fetch (B. átti erendi yfir fjörð at s. skjöldu sína ok vápn); s. e-t í e-n stað or til e-s staðar, to go to a place to fetch a thing (s. grös upp í hlíð, vatn til lœkjar);

3) to visit, come to (enn aldna jötun ek sótta); s. e-n heim, to come to see one, visit one in his home; s. þing, to attend or frequent á þing; s. e-n at liðveizlu, um liðveizlu, to call on one for support;

4) to attack, assail (s. e-n með vápnum; þessir munu s. oss með eldi); s. e-n heim, to fall upon one in his house (Gunnar sóttu heim þeir höfðingjar, er …);

5) to catch, overtake (nú fiðr hann geldingaflokk ok fær eigi sótt);

6) to overcome, master (munu þeir mik aldri fá sótt, meðan ek kem boganum við); to carry, take (eigi mun eyin sótt verða);

7) to pursue; þeir sækja ferðina knáliga, they push on doughtily; s. fast róðrinn (sundit), to pull (swim) hard;

8) to prosecute, in a lawsuit (s. e-n sökum, s. e-n til fullra laga); sótti K. til lands at Móeiðarhváli, K. laid claim to the land at M.; s. sök, mál, to carry on a suit; skalt þú s. þær sakir báðar, both these suits thou shall take up; s. mál til laga, to follow up a suit at law;

9) to pass over (býðr þeim at s. fjallit norðr í bygð); var áin all-ill at s., the river was very bad to cross;

10) absol. to proceed, go, advance (þeir stíga af hestunum ok sœkja upp á hólinn); er hann sótti langt austr, when he had advanced far eastward; s. á fund e-s, to go to see one; s. at, s. á, to attack (s. á borg); to urge the matter, insist (Þ. sótti á því meirr, en G. fór undan); s. eptir e-m, to pursue (Egill sótti þá eptir þeim); s. fram, to advance, go forward, in battle (E. sótti þá fram ok hjó til beggja handa); s. til e-s staðar, to frequent a place (til Túnsbergs sóttu mjök kaupmenn);

11) refl., sœkjast, to advance, of a work in hand (en er á leið vetrinn, sóttist mjök borgargørðin); to be passed, of a road or distance; nú er meir en hálf-sótt, more than half-way; sóttist þeim seint skip þeira Hrúts, they were slow in boarding Hrut’s ship; þeir ætla, at þeim muni illa s. at vinna oss, they think it will be a hard struggle to master us; recipr., to seek one another sœkjast sér um líkir, birds of a feather flock together; to attack one another, fight (þeir nafnar sóttust lengi).