-
1 tul-
vb. "come" WJ:368, 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" TUL, 3rd pers. sg. tulis she comes VT49:19, perfect utúlië "has come" utúlien "I am come", EO, utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come". Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" VT44:32/34, literally apparently *"thy kingdom, be-it-that it will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" LT1:114, 270, VT49:57 and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"LT1:114, 270. Read probably *utúlieltë, *Eldar utúlier in LotR-style Quenya. -
2 órava-
vb. "have mercy", followed by locative: "have mercy on". Órava omessë "have mercy on us" VT44:12 -
3 tuv-
vb. "find", perfect \#utúvië "has found" in Aragorn's exclamation when he found the sapling of the White Tree: utúvienyes "I have found it" utúvie-nye-s "have found-I-it" LotR3:VI ch. 5 -
4 sar(sard-)
as in pl. sardi noun "small stone" SAR. In Elessar, q.v. Since Tolkien let this name have a stem in -sarn- genitive Elessarno, VT49:28, he may seem to have changed the stem-form of sar from sard- to sarn-. -
5 ava-
2 prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" WJ:370 3 prefix "without" ARsup2/sup, AWA. In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" q.v. 4 vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit WJ:370. Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed with the ending -n I in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan ávëan, future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t.aunë in the sense was not, as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkiens the text was revised. -
6 hilcin
"k" vb., glossed "it freezes" LT1:254; if this word is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, it would have to mean "I freeze", but the shape of this word seems somewhat alien to Tolkien's later forms of Quenya verbs with 1st person aorists in -in never have a consonant cluster immediately preceding this ending -
7 -on
gen.pl. ending 3O, in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, \#esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion see Nan-Tasarion, Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive hence \#esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron. -
8 ehtyar
noun "spearman" EK/EKTE. According to VT45:12, Tolkien at one point also meant ehtyar to be the name of Tengwa \#15 with overposed dots to indicate a palatal sound; the letter would thus have the value hty. However, according to the classical Tengwar spelling of Quenya as outlined in LotR Appendix E, such a letter would rather have the value **ncy since \#15 is there assigned the value nc in Quenya, but since **ncy is not a possible Quenya combination, a palatal variant of \#15 would not occur in the classical Quenya mode. -
9 hloa
"hloä", noun that "would have been" the product of primitive ¤sloga Sindarin lhô, a word used of rivers that were "variable and liable to overflow their banks at seasons". However, the wording "would have been" may seem to suggest that this word did not actually occur in Quenya. VT42:9 -
10 ócama-
vb. "have mercy" VT44:12-14; Tolkien may have abandoned this form in favour of órava- -
11 oswë
noun "hip" QL:71. If this Qenya word is used in Tolkiens later Quenya and no other term for hip seems available, one would have to assume that the s represents older þ or it would have become z r. -
12 ec-
k verb denoting an opportunity, with the one having the opportunity in dative: ecë nin carë sa I can do it it-is-open for-me to-do it, ecë nin? please, may I?, ecuva nin care sa noa I may do have a chance of doing do that tomorrow. This construction is said to denote have chance, opportunity or permission VT49:20, 34 -
13 -o
1 genitive ending, as in Altariello, Oromëo, Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, neldëo, omentielvo, sindiëo, Valinórëo, veryanwesto, q.v. In words ending in -a, the genitive ending replaces this final vowel, hence atto, Ráno, Vardo, vorondo as the genitive forms of atta, Rána, Varda, voronda q.v. Following a noun in -ië, the ending can have the longer form -no, e.g. *máriéno of goodness PE17:59, but contrast sindiëo of greyness in PE17:72.Where the word ends in -o already, the genitive is not distinct in form, e.g. ciryamo q.v. = mariner or mariners. Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v.; dual -to but possibly -uo in the case of nouns that have nominative dual forms in -u rather than -t. The Quenya genitive describes source, origin or former ownership rather than current ownership which is rather covered by the possessive-adjectival case in -va. The ending -o may also take on an ablativic sense, from, as in Oiolossëo from Mount Oiolossë Nam, sio hence VT49:18. In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the genitive ending was -n rather than -o, cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren Annals of Valinor becoming Yénië Valinórëo MR:200. 2, also -ó, "a person, somebody", pronominal suffix PM:340 -
14 mar
1 noun "earth" world, also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- VT46:13, PE17:64, also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" FS; the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi high halls sg. oromar, PM17:64, referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil Nam, RGEO:66. The initial element of Mardorunando q.v. may be the genitive mardo distinguish mardo "dweller". May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" of persons or peoples; in names like Valimar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6. Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már mar- for "home, house" also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v., whereas mar mard- is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar mas- "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" LT1:251; notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-. -
15 istyar
noun "scholar, learned man" IS. According to VT45:18, Tolkien at one point also meant istyar to be the name of Tengwa \#13 with overposed dots to indicate a palatal sound; the letter would thus have the value sty. However, according to the classical Tengwar spelling of Quenya as outlined in LotR Appendix E, such a letter would rather have the value *nty since \#13 is there assigned the value nt in Quenya. -
16 fion
1 fiond- or simply fion-, as in pl. fiondi or fioni noun ?"hawk" reading of gloss uncertain; according to Christopher Tolkien the most natural interpretation would be "haste", but this word would have no plural form PHI, VT46:9. 2 bowl, goblet LT1:253 -
17 Eruman
place-name; this is a word to which various meanings are ascribed, but it always denotes some region. In the earliest phases of Tolkien's mythology, it was a region south of Taniquetil LT1:91, 252-253. In the Etymologies, entry ERE, Eruman is a "desert north-east of Valinor". In the final version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, where the locative form Erumandë appears, Tolkien appears to have moved Eruman out of this world entirely, making it the abode of God Eru; Erumandë translates "in heaven". -
18 car-
1 vb. "make, do, build, form" 1st pers. aorist carin "I make, build"; the aorist is listed with all pronominal endings in VT49:16, also in pl. and dual forms carir, carit. Regarding the form carize- PE17:128, see -s \#1. Pa.t. carnë KAR, PE17:74, 144. The infinitival aorist stem carë "k" by Patrick Wynne called a general aorist infinitive in VT49:34 occurs in ecë nin carë sa I can do it VT49:34, also in áva carë "don't do it" WJ:371 and uin carë PE17:68; in the last example Tolkien calls carë an example of the simplest aorist infinitive, the same source referring to carië as the general infinitive of the same verb. Pl. aorist carir "form" in the phrase i carir quettar k "those who form words" WJ:391, cf. VT49:16, continuative cára, future caruva PE17:144, carita "k", infinitive/gerund "to do" or "doing" VT42:33, with suffixes caritas "to do it" or "doing it", caritalyas "your doing it" in VT41:13,17, VT42:33. Past participle \#carna, q.v.; VT43:15 also gives the long form carina "k", read perhaps *cárina. Carima as a passive participle may be a mistake, VT43:15. PE17:68 refers to a simple past passive participle of the form carinwa kari-nwa. Rare past participle active ? cárienwa k *having done PE17:68, unless this is also a kind of passive participle the wording of the source is unclear. Some alternative forms in Fíriel's Song: past tense cárë "káre" "made"; this may still be an alternative to the better-attested form carnë LR:362 even in LotR-style Quenya. Cf. ohtacárë war-made, made war see \#ohtacar-. Also *cárië with various suffixes: cárier "kárier" is translated "they made"; in LotR-style Quenya this could be seen as an augmentless perfect, hence *"they have made", "they" being simply the plural ending -r. The literal meaning of cárielto "k" must also be *"they made" cf. -lto. Derived adjectives urcárima and urcarnë hard to make / do, urucarin made with difficulty PE17:154, saucarya evil-doing PE17:68. 2 prep. "with" carelyë "with thee", prepositional element evidently an ephemeral form abandoned by Tolkien VT43:29 -
19 eterúna-
vb. also etrúna-, though the cluster tr seems unusual for Quenya "deliver" = "save". Tolkien may have abandoned this verb in favour of etelehta-, q.v. VT43:23; VT44:9, but the root also appears in \#runando "redeemer", so maybe eterúna- can stay with the meaning "redeem". -
20 tolpë
noun "thumb" VT47:28, VT48:8, a form Tolkien may have rejected in favour of nápo, q.v.
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