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1 BIOS
['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)What is BIOS?BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:What is firmware?Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.What is the difference between memory and disk storage?Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.What is RAM?RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.What is ROM?ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.What is an ACPI BIOS?ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.What is CMOS?CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.htmlMost commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:Press F2 to enter SetupMany newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS. -
2 but
[bat] conj., prep., adv., n. -conj 1. por, po, mirëpo. 2. veçse, përveçse; you can do nothing but accept ty s'të mbetet gjë tjetër përveçse të pranosh. 3. se, që; I dont doubt but he will come nuk dyshoj se do të vijë./-prep. veç, përveç; every day but Sunday çdo ditë përveç të dielës; no one replied but me askush s'u përgjigj veç meje./-adv. vetëm, thjesht; jo më shumë se; he is but a boy ai s'është veçse një kalama; all but pothuaj, gati; but for me përjashtim të; but that po të mos; por.... duhet thënë se /-n. kundërshtim; not so many buts, please! jo kaq kundërshtime, ju lutem!* * *por; megjithatë; pa; vetëm -
3 just
just I [xhast] adj., adv. -adj 1. i drejtë; i rregullt, pa hile; a just price çmim i rregullt. 2. i merituar, me vend (shpërblim). 3. i ligjshëm (pretendim, kërkesë). 4. me bazë, me shkak (kundërshtim). 5. i rregullt, i saktë (përshkrim). 6. e saktë (peshë)-adv 1. pikërisht, tamam; just here/there tamam këtu/atje; just then tamam atëherë; it's just what I wanted është pikërisht ajo që doja; it costs just \$30 kushton vetëm 30 \$; come just as you are eja kështu siç je; that's just it! /the point! pikërisht!, tamam ashtu! he likes everything just so ai e do gjithçka në vendin e vet. 2.sapo, tani sapo; just now tani, këtë cast; tani sapo; I've just seen him sapo e pashë; just this minute tani, në çast; the book is just out libri sapo ka dale, sapo është botuar; we were just going sapo do të iknim, po bëheshim gati të dilnim; I was just about to phone po matesha të telefonoja. 3. vetëm; thjesht; just the two of us vetëm ne të dy; it's just 3 o'clock s'është më shumë se ora 3; just for a laugh thjesht per të qeshur; it's just around the corner është mu te cepi, sa të kalosh qoshen e rrugës; just a minute!, just one moment! një minutë!, prit pak! 4. thjesht; mjaft që; I just can't imagine thjesht nuk arrij ta mendoj; it's just that I don't like it thjesht nuk më pëlqen: it's just one of those things kështu e ka jeta; just ask someone the way mjafton të pyesësh dike për rrugën. 5. pak, paksa; just before 2 o'clock pak para ores 2; just to the left paksa majtas. 6. (në krahasime) po aq; just as good/well po aq i mirë/po aq mirë. 7. (me urdhërore) pak; just imagine! mendo pak! just look at this mess! shiko ç'rrëmujë! just let me get my hands on him! veç në mos e kapsha! veç në mos më rente në dorë! 8. (emfatike) vërtet; that's just fine! është vërtet/fare mirë! do you like whisky? -don't I just! të pëlqen uiski? -oj, të pëlqyer! 9. (në shprehje): I've just about had enough of this noise! me ka ardhur në majë hundës* * *vetëm; pothuajse; i drejtë; -
4 where
-conj 1 . ku; the country where he was born vendi ku ka lindur. 2. aty ku; këtu ku; that's where you're wrong! ja, këtu e ke gabim! from where I'm standing prej këtu ku jam; where there are trees aty ku ka pemë. 3. ndërkohë që; she left where she could have waited for him ajo u largua, ndërkohë që mund ta kishte pritur.-n. çfarë vendi; vend; where do you come from? nga ç'vend vini? I'd like to know the when and the where of it do të doja të dija kohën dhe vendin e kësaj ngjarjeje.● whereabout ( s) ['werëbaut(s)] adv., conj.,n. -adv., conj. ku; afër clit vend; whereabouts did she put it? ku të shkretën e vuri? /-n. vendndodhje; his whereabouts are unknown askush nuk ia di vendndodhjen● whereby [hweë:'bai /weë:'bai] adv., conj. përmes së cilës, me anën e të cilit; there is no other way whereby they can be saved s'ka tjetër mënyrë për t'i shpëtuar● wherefore ['hweë:fo: /weë:fo:] adv., conj.,n. -adv. vjet 1. pse, përse, për ç'arsye. 2. prandaj, kështu që /-conj. se pse, se për ç'arsye; I know wherefore she is angry e di pse është e zemëruar /-n. zak. pl. arsye, shpjegim● wherein [hweër'in /weër] adv., conj. -adv. ku, në çfarë, në se; wherein had they erred? ku kishin gabuar? /-conj. ku, që; the place wherein she lived vendi ku rronte● whereto [hweë:'tu: /weë:'tu:] adv., conj 1. ku; per ku; to that place whereto he had been sent te ai vend per ku e kishin dërguar. 2. përse, për ç'qëllim● wherever [hweë:'revë: /weë:'revë:] conj., adv. ku; kudo që; kudoqoftë; sit wherever you like ulu ku të të pëiqejë● wherewithal ['hweë:'widhol /weë:'widhol] n., adv., conj. -n. mjet; mundësi; para /-adv., conj. me se● wherry ['hweri /weri] n 1. varkë përtë kaluar lumin. 2. varkë njëvendëshe për gara* * *ku -
5 whole
[hëul] adj.,n -adj 1. i tërë, i gjithë; the whole world e gjithë bota; wait a whole week pres plot një javë, pres një javë të tërë. 2. i plotë; whole number numër i plotë. 3. i pacenuar, i padëmtuar; i paprishur; come back whole kthehem shëndoshë e mirë; whole milk qumësht i paskremuar● go the whole hog gj.fol. i shkoj deri në fund; nuk lë gjë pa bërë (për dikë); made out of whole cloth amer. fig. i sajuar fund e krye.-n 1. e tërë; the whole of Gostivar was talking about it për këtë fliste Gostivari mbarë. 2. njësi; tërësi; considered as a whole e marrë në tërësi; two halves make a whole dv gjysma bëjnë një të tërë /një njësi.● as a whole në tërësi; on the whole a) e marrë në kompleks; b) në pjesën më të madhe, kryesisht.● wholehearted ['hëulha:tid /'w-] adj. i çiltër; i përzemërt; i bërë me gjithë shpirt● wholeheartedly ['hëulha:tidli /'w-] adv. me çiltërsi; përzemërsisht; me gjithë shpirt● whole hog ['hëul hog /'w-] adj.,adv. amer. gj.fol. -adj 1. pa rezerva (përkrahje). 2. i zjarrtë (ithtar)./-adv. gjer në fund● wholesale ['hëulseil /'w-] n., adj., adv. -n. shitje me shumicë; at/by wholesale me shumicë./-adj 1. me shumicë; wholesale dealer/price tregtar me shumicë; çmim i shitjes me shumicë. 2. fig. sistematik, masiv; në bllok; a wholesale campaign in the press fushatë e gjithanshme në shtyp; wholesale acceptance miratim në bllok./-adv 1. me shumicë; you can get it wholesale mund ta gjesh (në shitje) me shumicë. 2. fig. në masë; në seri; në bllok; workers were being dismissed wholesale po pushoheshin punëtorë në masë● wholesaler ['hëulseilë: /'w-] n. grosist, tregtar me shumicë● wholewheat ['hëulhwi:t /'w-] adj 1. i pasitur (miell). 2. me miell të pasitur, e zezë (bukë)* * *të gjithë
См. также в других словарях:
come — [kum] vi. came, come, coming [ME comen < OE cuman, akin to Goth qiman, Ger kommen < IE base * gwem , *gwā , to go, come > L venire, to come, Gr bainein, to go] 1. to move from a place thought of as “there” to or into a place thought of… … English World dictionary
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come over — {v.} To take control of; cause sudden strong feeling in; happen to. * /A sudden fit of anger came over him./ * /A great tenderness came over her./ * /What has come over him?/ … Dictionary of American idioms
come over — {v.} To take control of; cause sudden strong feeling in; happen to. * /A sudden fit of anger came over him./ * /A great tenderness came over her./ * /What has come over him?/ … Dictionary of American idioms
come — come1 W1S1 [kʌm] v past tense came [keım] past participle come ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(move towards somebody/something)¦ 2¦(go with somebody)¦ 3¦(travel to a place)¦ 4¦(post)¦ 5¦(happen)¦ 6¦(reach a level/place)¦ 7¦(be produce … Dictionary of contemporary English
Come On In — In music, Come On In can refer to: a 1998 album by R. L. Burnside a song by the Association on their 1968 album Birthday a song by Rick Nelson from his live album In Concert at the Troubadour, 1969 a song written by Bobby Braddock and first… … Wikipedia
come apart at the seams — to be in a bad condition and about to fail or lose control. Large segments of the world economy seem to be coming apart at the seams. Related vocabulary: come apart Etymology: from the idea that when the seams (= places where two pieces of… … New idioms dictionary
come undone — lose self control, disorganized, at loose ends, fall to pieces When she s near me, I come undone. I can t think or talk! … English idioms
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Come On Do The Jerk — Single by The Miracles from the album Greatest Hits Vol.2 B side Baby ,Don t You Go Released November 20, 1964 … Wikipedia
