higher+approximation

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• Approximation theory — In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterizing the errors introduced thereby. Note that what is meant by best and simpler will depend on …   Wikipedia

• Orders of approximation — In science, engineering, and other quantitative disciplines, orders of approximation refer to formal or informal terms for how precise an approximation is, and to indicate progressively more refined approximations: in increasing order of… …   Wikipedia

• WKB approximation — In physics, the WKB (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin) approximation, also known as WKBJ (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys) approximation, is the most familiar example of a semiclassical calculation in quantum mechanics in which the wavefunction is… …   Wikipedia

• Boussinesq approximation (water waves) — In fluid dynamics, the Boussinesq approximation for water waves is an approximation valid for weakly non linear and fairly long waves. The approximation is named after Joseph Boussinesq, who first derived them in response to the observation by… …   Wikipedia

• Kirkwood approximation — The Kirkwood superposition approximation was introduced by Matsuda (2000) as a means of representing a discrete probability distribution. The name apparently refers to a 1942 paper by John G. Kirkwood. The Kirkwood approximation for a discrete… …   Wikipedia

• Fold (higher-order function) — In functional programming, fold, also known variously as reduce, accumulate, compress or inject, is a family of higher order functions that process a data structure in some order and build up a return value. Typically, a fold deals with two… …   Wikipedia

• Stationary phase approximation — In mathematics, the stationary phase approximation is a basic principle of asymptotic analysis, applying to oscillatory integrals taken over n dimensional space Rn where i is the imaginary unit. Here f and g are real valued smooth functions. The… …   Wikipedia

• Lothar Collatz — (July 6, 1910, Arnsberg, Westphalia – September 26, 1990) was a German mathematician. In 1937 he posed the famous Collatz conjecture, which remains unsolved.Collatz studied at the University of Berlin under Alfred Klose, receiving his doctorate… …   Wikipedia

• Fick's laws of diffusion — For the technique of measuring cardiac output, see Fick principle. Molecular diffusion from a microscopic and macroscopic point of view. Initially, there are solute molecules on the left side of a barrier (purple line) and none on the right. The… …   Wikipedia

• Derivative — This article is an overview of the term as used in calculus. For a less technical overview of the subject, see Differential calculus. For other uses, see Derivative (disambiguation) …   Wikipedia

• Atomic orbital — The shapes of the first five atomic orbitals: 1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, and 2pz. The colors show the wave function phase. These are graphs of ψ(x,y,z) functions which depend on the coordinates of one electron. To see the elongated shape of ψ(x,y,z)2… …   Wikipedia