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1 radiation
A n1 Med, Nucl radiation f ; to be exposed to radiation être exposé à des radiations ; a high level of radiation un taux élevé de radiations ; a low level of radiation un faible niveau de radiations ; a dose of radiation une dose de radiations ;2 Phys rayonnement m. -
2 облучение продуктов питания
облучение продуктов питания
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
food irradiation
The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is the most important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries. (Source: IFSE / VCN)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > облучение продуктов питания
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3 атмосферная инверсия
атмосферная инверсия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
atmospheric inversion
A temperature inversion in the atmosphere in which the temperature, instead of falling, increases with height above the ground. With the colder and heavier air below, there is no tendency to form upward currents and turbulence is suppressed. Inversions are often formed in the late afternoon when the radiation emitted from the ground exceeds that received from the sinking sun. Inversions are also caused by katabatic winds, that is cold winds flowing down the hillside into a valley, and by anticyclones. In inversion layers, both vertical and horizontal diffusion is inhibited and pollutants become trapped, sometimes for long periods. Low-level discharges of pollutants are more readily trapped by inversions than high level dischargers, hence the case for high stacks. Furthermore, high level discharges into an inversion tend to remain at a high level because of the absence of vertical mixing. (Source: GILP96)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > атмосферная инверсия
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4 граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
ocean-air interface
The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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5 рентгеновские лучи
рентгеновские лучи
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
X ray
A penetrating electromagnetic radiation, usually generated by accelerating electrons to high velocity and suddenly stopping them by collision with a solid body, or by inner-shell transitions of atoms with atomic number greater than 10; their wavelength ranges from about 10(-5) angstrom to 10(3) angstroms, the average wavelength used in research being 1 angstrom. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > рентгеновские лучи
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6 ядерный взрыв (авария)
ядерный взрыв (авария)
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
nuclear explosion (accident)
An unintentional release of energy from a rapid reaction of atomic nuclei yielding high temperatures and radiation potentially harmful to human health and the environment. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ядерный взрыв (авария)
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