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1 tul-
vb. "come" WJ:368, 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" TUL, 3rd pers. sg. tulis she comes VT49:19, perfect utúlië "has come" utúlien "I am come", EO, utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come". Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" VT44:32/34, literally apparently *"thy kingdom, be-it-that it will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" LT1:114, 270, VT49:57 and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"LT1:114, 270. Read probably *utúlieltë, *Eldar utúlier in LotR-style Quenya. -
2 soron
or sornë þ noun "eagle", before an ending sorn- as in pl. sorni, "gen.sg....sornen"; in LotR-style Quenya this would be the dative singular instead THOR/THORON. SD:290 has the pl.soroni "eagles", changed to sorni as in the Etymologies. Early "Qenya" has the forms sor, sornë LT1:266 -
3 sundóma(þ)
noun *"base-vowel" sundo + óma, the determinant vowel of a "base" or rootChristopher Tolkien gives the example KAT, which stem has the sundóma A; the stem TALAT has the sundóma repeated; in derivative forms the sundóma might be placed before the first consonant; e.g. ATALAT WJ:319 -
4 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
5 engië
vb. has been, has existed, perfect tense of ëa, q.v. VT49:29 -
6 vénëa
adj. *"maidenly, virginal" VT44:10; the source has véne' alcarë *"virginal glory", the first word possibly representing an adjective *vénëa the final vowel of which has been elided since the next word begins in the same vowel. -
7 menta-
1 vb. "send, cause to go" in a desired direction VT41:6, VT43:15. A similar-sounding primitive verb mentioned in PE17:93 is said to have past and perfect forms that would produce Quenya *mennë,*eménië, but here Tolkien seems to be discussing a distinct intransitive verb go and its Sindarin descendants, and Quenya menta- rather belongs to the causative transitive verbs which according to the same source has weak past-tense forms in -në, hence *mentanë sent, and likely *ementië as perfect has sent. -
8 mi
prep. "in, within" MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi; mí "in the" Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply in. Used in PE17:71 cf. 70 of people clad in various colours, e.g. mi mísë in grey. Allative minna "to the inside, into" MI, also mina VT43:30. The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead see -mmë. Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" sg., millë "in you" pl. VT43:36. A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" VT44:18; here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class. -
9 coina
"k"adj. "alive" LT1:257; Tolkien's later Quenya also has cuina, though coina may still be a valid word: properly, the root of words for life is coi- rather than cui-, the latter referring to awakening instead -
10 tengwa-
2 vb. to read written matter, called a weak verb; aorist tengwa reads, present tense tengwëa is reading, past tense tengwane read, perfect etengwië has read, the latter without lengthening of the stem-vowel not **eténgwië because there is a consonant cluster following VT49:55. Gerund or verbal noun tengwië, also attested with a pronominal suffix + genitive: tengwiesto of your dual reading VT49:47, 48, 52, 54 -
11 Taniquetil(Taniquetild-)
, place-name: the highest of the mountains of Valinor, upon which were the mansions of Manwë and Varda. Properly, this name refers to the topmost peak only, the whole mountain being called Oiolossë SA:til. The Etymologies has Taniquetil, Taniquetildë "q" Ta-niqe-til "g.sg." Taniquetilden, in LotR-style Quenya this is the dative singular "High White Horn" NIK-W, TIL, TA/TA3, OY. Variant Taníquetil with a long í, translated high-snow-peakPE17:26, 168.Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > Taniquetil(Taniquetild-)
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12 men-
4 vb. "go" VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23, attested in the aorist menë in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- return or go/come back, -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- back etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166. In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of go as far as: 1st person sg. aorist menin menin coaryanna I arrive at or come/get to his house, endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end, past tense mennë arrived, reached, in this tense usually with locative rather than allative mennen sís I arrived here, perfect eménië has just arrived, future menuva will arrive. All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant. -
13 Umbardacil
masc. name or title "Umbar-victor" Appendix A; the place-name Umbar is not Quenya and has no connection with umbar "fate". -
14 malta
noun "gold", also name of tengwa \#18 Appendix E. The Etymologies entry SMAL instead has malda, q.v. for discussion, but according to VT46:14, the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Also compare the root MALAT listed in PM:366. -
15 Valatári
noun "Vala-queen" BAL; this entry of the Etymologies states that Vala has no feminine form except this compound, but Silm gives Valië as a feminine form. The word Valatári is apparently also the unchanged plural form, so used in this quote: "The Valatári were Varda, Yavanna, Nienna, Vana, Vaire, Este, Nessa, Uinen" BAL; Tolkien later reclassified Uinen as a Maia, not a Valatári/Valië. Notice that the plural form of Valatar would apparently also be *Valatári. -
16 loico
noun "corpse, dead body" so in Markirya; Etym also has quelet of similar meaning -
17 súru
noun "wind" MC:213, 216, 220; this is "Qenya"; Tolkien's later Quenya has súrë -
18 vilya
noun "air, sky", also name of tengwa \#24. Older wilya. Appendix E. Early "Qenya" has Vilya changed from Vilna "lower air" LT1:273; also vilya "air" MC:215 -
19 lárë
vb. "happen" VT45:26; the word has an unusual shape for a verb, and was in any case deleted -
20 hravan
noun wild beast; pl.Hravani "the Wild", used as a name of non-Edain Men PE17:78, WJ:219. PE17:18 has Hrávani with a long á, glossed Wild-men, Savages.
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