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1 Hawthorne effect
Hawthorne ef·fect[ˈhɔ:θɔ:n-, AM ˈhɑ:θɔ:rn-]* * *Hawthorne effect [ˈhɔːθɔː(r)n] s SOZIOL, PSYCH Hawthorne-Effekt m (Einfluss, den die bloße Teilnahme an einem Experiment auf die Versuchsperson und damit auf das Versuchsergebnis auszuüben vermag) -
2 Hawthorne effect
эффект Хоторна
Условие, в котором новизна, интерес к эксперименту или повышение внимания к исследуемому вопросу приводит к искажению, слишком благоприятному результату во время эксперимента.
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Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Hawthorne effect
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3 Hawthorne effect
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4 Hawthorne effect
соц., упр. эффект Хоторна; Хоторнский эффект (изменение производительности труда вследствие изменения трудовой ситуации и отношений в коллективе; эксперименты показали, что на результаты труда рабочих влияют не только материальные условия, но и в значительной мере социальные факторы — общественное признание важности труда каждого работника, благоприятный климат в коллективе, забота со стороны руководства, отсутствие жесткой регламентации производственных процессов и возможность поддержания неформальных контактов с коллегами)See: -
5 Hawthorne effect
s.efecto Hawthorne, efecto de Hawthorne. -
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7 Hawthorne effect
эффект Хоторна; Хоторнский эффектизменение поведения сотрудников, знающих, что за ними наблюдают (например, они начинают соблюдать стандартные технологические процедуры вместо обычных упрощённых); это явление впервые было изучено на предприятии Hawthorne фирмы Western Electric Company в Чикаго в 1920-х гг. (отсюда и название) и в дальнейшем было положено в основу промышленной психологии. Может способствовать повышению производительности трудаАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > Hawthorne effect
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8 Hawthorne effect
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9 hawthorne effect
1) Социология: хоторнский эффект (/.../ по названию города Хоторн, где проводилось исследование (цитата из Википедии).)2) Менеджмент: эффект хоторна -
10 Hawthorne effect
Рост производственных показателей в период проведения социальных или экономических исследований на предприятии. Был обнаружен в 1927 группой специалистов, изучавших на заводе "Вестерн электрик" [Western Electric] (г. Хоторн, шт. Пенсильвания) зависимость между улучшением освещенности заводского конвейера и повышением производительности труда. Побочным результатом исследований стало выявление хоторнского эффекта, который в дальнейшем был положен в основу промышленной психологииEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Hawthorne effect
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11 hawthorne effect
сущ. эффект хоторна mEnglish-Russian project management dictionary > hawthorne effect
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12 Hawthorne effect
эффект Хоторна- условие, в котором новизна, интерес к эксперименту или повышение внимания к исследуемому вопросу приводит к искажению, слишком благоприятному результату во время эксперимента.English-Russian glossary of the book Meskon > Hawthorne effect
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13 Hawthorne Effect
Влияние экспериментатора на результаты исследования.English-Russian glossary of clinical practice > Hawthorne Effect
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14 Hawthorne experiments
Gen Mgta series of studies undertaken at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric in the United States from which Elton Mayo concluded that an approach emphasizing employee participation can improve productivity. The Hawthorne experiments began in 1924 as a study conducted by the National Research Council into the relationship between workplace lighting and employee efficiency, and was then extended to include wage incentives and rest periods. It was found that whatever variations were applied upward or downward, output rose, and this was termed the Hawthorne effect. The increased productivity was attributed to several causes, including small group size, earnings, the novelty of being part of an experiment, and the increased attention given to the employees being studied. The style of the supervisor, which was relaxed and friendly, in contrast to the then standard practice, was found to be particularly important. In a second group of employees, however, it was observed that, as the experiments progressed, output was restricted, and that whatever the incentive, the group showed a resistance to it. In 1929, and 1930, Elton Mayo visited Hawthorne. He linked supervisory style and levels of morale with productivity. High productivity resulted from an engaged supervisory style that encouraged participation. Low productivity resulted when a supervisor remained remote and retained a traditional supervisory role. The Hawthorne experiments established the importance of management style and interpersonal skills to organizational success. -
15 blind analysis
мет. слепой анализ (анализ, при котором часть данных об эксперименте скрыта от участников эксперимента или от наблюдателя, чтобы исключить влияние этих данных на ход эксперимента)See: -
16 Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
[br]b. 15 February 1861 Fleurier, Switzerlandd. 13 June 1938 Sèvres, France[br]Swiss physicist who developed two alloys, "invar" and "elinvar", used for the temperature compensation of clocks and watches.[br]Guillaume came from a family of clock-and watchmakers. He was educated at the Gymnasium in Neuchâtel and at Zurich Polytechnic, from which he received his doctorate in 1883 for a thesis on electrolytic capacitors. In the same year he joined the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres in France, where he was to spend the rest of his working life. He retired as Director in 1936. At the bureau he was involved in distributing the national standards of the metre to countries subscribing to the General Conference on Weights and Measures that had been held in 1889. This made him aware of the crucial effect of thermal expansion on the lengths of the standards and he was prompted to look for alternative materials that would be less costly than the platinum alloys which had been used. While studying nickel steels he made the surprising discovery that the thermal expansion of certain alloy compositions was less than that of the constituent metals. This led to the development of a steel containing about 36 per cent nickel that had a very low thermal coefficient of expansion. This alloy was subsequently named "invar", an abbreviation of invariable. It was well known that changes in temperature affected the timekeeping of clocks by altering the length of the pendulum, and various attempts had been made to overcome this defect, most notably the mercury-compensated pendulum of Graham and the gridiron pendulum of Harrison. However, an invar pendulum offered a simpler and more effective method of temperature compensation and was used almost exclusively for pendulum clocks of the highest precision.Changes in temperature can also affect the timekeeping of watches and chronometers, but this is due mainly to changes in the elasticity or stiffness of the balance spring rather than to changes in the size of the balance itself. To compensate for this effect Guillaume developed another more complex nickel alloy, "elinvar" (elasticity invariable), whose elasticity remained almost constant with changes in temperature. This had two practical consequences: the construction of watches could be simplified (by using monometallic balances) and more accurate chronometers could be made.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1920. Corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences. Grand Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. Physical Society Duddell Medal 1928. British Horological Institute Gold Medal 1930.Bibliography1897, "Sur la dilation des aciers au nickel", Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 124:176.1903, "Variations du module d"élasticité des aciers au nickel', Comptes rendushebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 136:498."Les aciers au nickel et leurs applications à l'horlogerie", in J.Grossmann, Horlogerie théorique, Paris, Vol. II, pp. 361–414 (describes the application of invar and elinvar to horology).Sir Richard Glazebrook (ed.), 1923 "Invar and Elinvar", Dictionary of Applied Physics, 5 vols, London, Vol. V, pp. 320–7 (a succinct account in English).Further ReadingR.M.Hawthorne, 1989, Nobel Prize Winners, Physics, 1901–1937, ed. F.N.Magill, Pasadena, Salem Press, pp. 244–51.See also: Le Roy, PierreDVBiographical history of technology > Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
См. также в других словарях:
Hawthorne effect — ☆ Hawthorne effect n. [after the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Co. in Cicero, Ill., where studies of worker performance were made in 1927] improvement in performance, as by workers or students, resulting from mere awareness that… … English World dictionary
Hawthorne effect — Haw‧thorne ef‧fect ➔ effect … Financial and business terms
Hawthorne effect — The Hawthorne effect is a form of reactivity whereby subjects improve or modify an aspect of their behavior being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they know they are being studied,[1][2] not in response to any… … Wikipedia
hawthorne effect — Study which found that any changes in working conditions improved productivity. ► “Hawthorne effect refers to the findings of a 1924 study that measured the correlation between specific working conditions and output. It showed that productivity … American business jargon
Hawthorne effect — Psychol. a positive change in the performance of a group of persons taking part in an experiment or study due to their perception of being singled out for special consideration. [1960 65; after the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company … Universalium
hawthorne effect — ˈhȯˌthȯrn , ˌthȯ(ə)n noun Usage: usually capitalized H Etymology: from the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Co., Cicero, Ill., where the effect s existence was established by experiment : the stimulation to increase output or… … Useful english dictionary
Hawthorne effect — noun Etymology: from the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Co., Cicero, Ill., where its existence was established by experiment Date: 1962 the stimulation to output or accomplishment that results from the mere fact of being under… … New Collegiate Dictionary
Hawthorne effect — /ˈhɔθɔn əfɛkt/ (say hawthawn uhfekt) noun the theoretical phenomenon of increase in worker productivity being less greatly promoted by changes to individual working environments, office procedures, etc., than by greater degrees of communication… …
Hawthorne effect — noun An effect on a study due to a change, due to being observed, in the behavior of a subject being studied … Wiktionary
the Hawthorne effect — UK US noun ► HR the theory that people’s performance at work improves if they know they are being studied or being given special attention by management: »The fact that people who knew they were taking part in the study performed better may have… … Financial and business terms
Hawthorne — may refer to:People* Charles Webster Hawthorne (1872 1930), American painter * Donald Hawthorne (1926 2003), American yeast geneticist * Dustin Hawthorne, bassist in the Victoria based band Hot Hot Heat. * Frank Hawthorne (born 1946), Canadian… … Wikipedia
