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101 дискретное преобразование Хартли
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > дискретное преобразование Хартли
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102 хартли
(единица количества информации, равная log210 = 3,323 бит) hartley -
103 единица
( натуральное число) unit, unity* * *едини́ца ж.1. ( измерения) unit2. ( число) unity, oneв едини́цах — in unitsв [на] едини́цу — per unitна едини́цу бо́льше или ме́ньше — greater or less by oneпринима́ть за едини́цу — take as a unitабсолю́тная едини́ца — absolute unitедини́ца акти́вности — activity unitакусти́ческая едини́ца — acoustical unitастрономи́ческая едини́ца — astronomical unitа́томная едини́ца — atomic unitа́томная едини́ца ма́ссы — atomic mass unit, AMUбезразме́рная едини́ца — dimensionless unitбонитиро́вочная едини́ца — evaluation unitвнесисте́мная едини́ца — off-system [arbitrary] unitедини́ца вы́зова — unit callдвои́чная едини́ца ( в теории информации) — binary unitедини́ца до́зы, энергети́ческая — energy doseдо́льные едини́цы — submultiple unitsедини́ца до́пуска — tolerance unitедини́ца измере́ния — unit of measurementедини́ца интенси́вности нагру́зки ( в теории массового обслуживания) — unit of traffic intensityедини́ца информа́ции — unit of information, information unitедини́ца информа́ции, двои́чная — bitедини́ца информа́ции, десяти́чная — the Hartleyедини́ца информа́ции, натура́льная — natural unit (of information)едини́ца информа́ции, энтропи́ческая — entropy unit (of information)кормова́я едини́ца — feed [fodder] unitкра́тные едини́цы — multiple unitsмагни́тные едини́цы — magnetic unitsедини́ца ма́ссы — mass unit, unit of massмаши́нная едини́ца — machine unitмеждунаро́дные едини́цы — international unitsметри́ческие едини́цы — metric unitsмехани́ческие едини́цы — mechanical unitsмни́мая едини́ца — imaginary unitмоне́тная едини́ца — monetary unitедини́ца мо́щности — power unitнекогере́нтная едини́ца — noncoherent unitнорми́рованная едини́ца — normalized [reduced] unitедини́ца объё́ма — volume unitосновны́е едини́цы — fundamental [basic] unitsотноси́тельная едини́ца — relative unitедини́ца перехо́дных поме́х свз. — crosstalk unitедини́ца пло́щади — unit of areaедини́ца по́езда, тормозна́я — braked carriage [car] unitприведё́нные едини́цы — reduced [normalized] unitsпроизво́дные едини́цы — derived unitsпроизво́льная едини́ца — arbitrary unitедини́ца рабо́ты — unit of workрадиологи́ческие едини́цы — radiological unitsедини́ца, разру́шенная то́ком за́писи — write-disturbed oneедини́ца, разру́шенная то́ком счи́тывания — read-disturbed oneсбо́рочная едини́ца — assembly unitсветовы́е едини́цы — photometric unitsедини́ца систе́мы СГС — centimeter-gramme-second unitедини́ца систе́мы МКС — meter-kilogramme-second unitедини́ца сообще́ния — message unitспло́точная едини́ца лес. — raft sectionсре́дняя едини́ца — middle unitструкту́рная едини́ца рез. — base unitедини́ца счё́та — countтаксономи́ческая едини́ца — taxonomic unit, taxonтари́фная едини́ца — charge unitтеплова́я едини́ца — caloricity [thermal] unitтехни́ческие едини́цы — practical unitsтя́говая едини́ца — traction unitусло́вная едини́ца — arbitrary unitедини́цы фи́зико-хими́ческих величи́н — units of physical and chemical quantitiesедини́ца физи́ческой величины́ — physical unitфотометри́ческая едини́ца — photometric unitэквивале́нтная едини́ца — equivalent unitэксплуатацио́нная едини́ца — operational unitедини́ца электри́ческого то́ка — electrical unitэлектромагни́тная едини́ца — electromagnetic unit, EMUэлектростати́ческая едини́ца — electrostatic unit, esu -
104 хартли
( логарифмическая мера количества информации) hartleyРусско-английский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию > хартли
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105 induktive Dreipunktschaltung
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > induktive Dreipunktschaltung
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106 хартли
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107 senon-hartijev zakon
• shannon-hartley law -
108 хомяк, белогорлый лесной
1. LAT Neotoma albigula Hartley2. RUS белогорлый лесной хомяк m3. ENG white-throated wood rat4. DEU Wüstenratte f5. FRA rat m des steppesDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > хомяк, белогорлый лесной
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109 DHT
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110 генератор с независимым возбуждением
1. эл. separately excited generator2. r. f. радио power amplifierгенератор тонального вызова — ringer; 2100-Hz ringer; 500-Hz ringer
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > генератор с независимым возбуждением
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111 клистронный генератор
1. klystron generator2. klystron oscillatorламповый генератор — valve oscillator; vacuum-tube oscillator
магнитогидродинамический генератор на неравновесной плазме — non-equilibrium magnetohydrodynamic generator
генератор накачки — pump oscillator; pump
генератор несущей частоты — carrier oscillator; carrier generator
генератор низкой частоты — audio oscillator; audio signal generator
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > клистронный генератор
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112 maximum F-ratio
See: Hartley's test -
113 Broadcasting
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br] -
114 Colpitts, Edwin Henry
[br]b. 9 January 1872 Pointe de Bute, Canadad. 6 March 1949 Orange, New Jersey, USA[br]Canadian physicist and electrical engineer responsible for important developments in electronic-circuit technology.[br]Colpitts obtained Bachelor's degrees at Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, and Harvard in 1894 and 1896, respectively, followed by a Master's degree at Harvard in 1897. After two years as assistant to the professor of physics there, he joined the American Bell Telephone Company. When the Bell Company was reorganized in 1907, he moved to the Western Electric branch of the company in New York as Head of the Physical Laboratories. In 1911 he became a director of the Research Laboratories, and in 1917 he became Assistant Chief Engineer of the company. During this time he invented both the push-pull amplifier and the Colpitts oscillator, both major developments in communications. In 1917, during the First World War, he spent some time in France helping to set up the US Signal Corps Research Laboratories. Afterwards he continued to do much, both technically and as a manager, to place telephone communications on a firm scientific basis, retiring as Vice-President of the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1937. With the outbreak of the Second World War in 1941 he was recalled from retirement and appointed Director of the Engineering Foundation to work on submarine warfare techniques, particularly echo-ranging.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOrder of the Rising Sun, Japan, 1938. US Medal of Merit 1948.Bibliography1919, with E.B.Craft, "Radio telephony", Proceedings of the American Institution of Electrical Engineers 38:337.1921, with O.B.Blackwell, "Carrier current telephony and telegraphy", American Institute of Electrical Engineers Transactions 40:205.11 September 1915, US reissue patent no. 15,538 (control device for radio signalling).28 August 1922, US patent no. 1,479,638 (multiple signal reception).Further ReadingM.D.Fagen, 1975, A History of Engineering \& Science in the Bell System, Vol. 1, Bell Laboratories.See also: Hartley, Ralph V.L.KF -
115 Davy, Sir Humphry
[br]b. 17 December 1778 Penzance, Cornwall, Englandd. 29 May 1829 Geneva, Switzerland[br]English chemist, discoverer of the alkali and alkaline earth metals and the halogens, inventor of the miner's safety lamp.[br]Educated at the Latin School at Penzance and from 1792 at Truro Grammar School, Davy was apprenticed to a surgeon in Penzance. In 1797 he began to teach himself chemistry by reading, among other works, Lavoisier's elementary treatise on chemistry. In 1798 Dr Thomas Beddoes of Bristol engaged him as assistant in setting up his Pneumatic Institution to pioneer the medical application of the newly discovered gases, especially oxygen.In 1799 he discovered the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide, discovered not long before by the chemist Joseph Priestley. He also noted its intoxicating qualities, on account of which it was dubbed "laughing-gas". Two years later Count Rumford, founder of the Royal Institution in 1800, appointed Davy Assistant Lecturer, and the following year Professor. His lecturing ability soon began to attract large audiences, making science both popular and fashionable.Davy was stimulated by Volta's invention of the voltaic pile, or electric battery, to construct one for himself in 1800. That enabled him to embark on the researches into electrochemistry by which is chiefly known. In 1807 he tried decomposing caustic soda and caustic potash, hitherto regarded as elements, by electrolysis and obtained the metals sodium and potassium. He went on to discover the metals barium, strontium, calcium and magnesium by the same means. Next, he turned his attention to chlorine, which was then regarded as an oxide in accordance with Lavoisier's theory that oxygen was the essential component of acids; Davy failed to decompose it, however, even with the aid of electricity and concluded that it was an element, thus disproving Lavoisier's view of the nature of acids. In 1812 Davy published his Elements of Chemical Philosophy, in which he presented his chemical ideas without, however, committing himself to the atomic theory, recently advanced by John Dalton.In 1813 Davy engaged Faraday as Assistant, perhaps his greatest service to science. In April 1815 Davy was asked to assist in the development of a miner's lamp which could be safely used in a firedamp (methane) laden atmosphere. The "Davy lamp", which emerged in January 1816, had its flame completely surrounded by a fine wire mesh; George Stephenson's lamp, based on a similar principle, had been introduced into the Northumberland pits several months earlier, and a bitter controversy as to priority of invention ensued, but it was Davy who was awarded the prize for inventing a successful safety lamp.In 1824 Davy was the first to suggest the possibility of conferring cathodic protection to the copper bottoms of naval vessels by the use of sacrificial electrodes. Zinc and iron were found to be equally effective in inhibiting corrosion, although the scheme was later abandoned when it was found that ships protected in this way were rapidly fouled by weeds and barnacles.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1812. FRS 1803; President, Royal Society 1820. Royal Society Copley Medal 1805.Bibliography1812, Elements of Chemical Philosophy.1839–40, The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy, 9 vols, ed. John Davy, London.Further ReadingJ.Davy, 1836, Memoirs of the Life of Sir Humphry Davy, London (a classic biography). J.A.Paris, 1831, The Life of Sir Humphry Davy, London (a classic biography). H.Hartley, 1967, Humphry Davy, London (a more recent biography).J.Z.Fullmer, 1969, Cambridge, Mass, (a bibliography of Davy's works).ASD -
116 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
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117 Hair, Thomas H.
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]fl. c. 1830–75 northern England[br]English artist whose work was concerned with the industrial landscape.[br]Hair is best known for the folio volume A Series of Views of the Collieries in the Counties of Northumberland and Durham, published in 1839. This is a volume of engravings after watercolours by T.H.Hair which show in its forty-two pictures particular collieries and details of the workings. The accompanying text by M.Ross describes the pictures and the activities of the various collieries in considerable detail. One of Hair's most famous paintings is "Hartley Colliery after the Disaster" (1869). T.H.Hair's paintings and his book are important for they give an accurate picture of industrial Northumberland and Durham in the middle of the nineteenth century.[br]Bibliography1839, A Series of Views of the Collieries in the Counties of Northumberland and Durham, London; reprinted 1969, Newton Abbot.Further ReadingM.Hall, 1973, The Artists of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne.KM -
118 Lanchester, Frederick William
[br]b. 28 October 1868 Lewisham, London, Englandd. 8 March 1946 Birmingham, England[br]English designer and builder of the first all-British motor car.[br]The fourth of eight children of an architect, he spent his childhood in Hove and attended a private preparatory school, from where, aged 14, he went to the Hartley Institution (the forerunner of Southampton University). He was then granted a scholarship to the Royal College of Science, South Kensington, and also studied practical engineering at Finsbury Technical College, London. He worked first for a draughtsman and pseudo-patent agent, and was then appointed Assistant Works Manager of the Forward Gas Engine Company of Birmingham, with sixty men and a salary of £1 per week. He was then aged 21. His younger brother, George, was apprenticed to the same company. In 1889 and 1890 he invented a pendulum governor and an engine starter which earned him royalties. He built a flat-bottomed river craft with a stern paddle-wheel and a vertical single-cylinder engine with a wick carburettor of his own design. From 1892 he performed a number of garden experiments on model gliders relating to problems of lift and drag, which led him to postulate vortices from the wingtips trailing behind, much of his work lying behind the theory of modern aerodynamics. The need to develop a light engine for aircraft led him to car design.In February 1896 his first experimental car took the road. It had a torsionally rigid chassis, a perfectly balanced and almost noiseless engine, dynamically stable steering, epicyclic gear for low speed and reverse with direct drive for high speed. It turned out to be underpowered and was therefore redesigned. Two years later an 8 hp, two-cylinder flat twin appeared which retained the principle of balancing by reverse rotation, had new Lanchester valve-gear and a new method of ignition based on a magneto generator. For the first time a worm and wheel replaced chain-drive or bevel-gear transmission. Lanchester also designed the machinery to make it. The car was capable of about 18 mph (29 km/h): future cars of his travelled at twice that speed. From 1899 to 1904 cars were produced for sale by the Lanchester Engine Company, which was formed in 1898. The company had to make every component except the tyres. Lanchester gave up the managership but remained as Chief Designer, and he remained in this post until 1914.In 1907–8 his two-volume treatise Aerial Flight was published; it included consideration of skin friction, boundary-layer theory and the theory of stability. In 1909 he was appointed to the Government's Committee for Aeronautics and also became a consultant to the Daimler Company. At the age of 51 he married Dorothea Cooper. He remained a consultant to Daimler and worked also for Wolseley and Beardmore until 1929 when he started Lanchester Laboratories, working on sound reproduction. He also wrote books on relativity and on the theory of dimensions.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS.Bibliographybht=1907–8, Aerial Flight, 2 vols.Further ReadingP.W.Kingsford, 1966, F.W.Lanchester, Automobile Engineer.E.G.Semler (ed.), 1966, The Great Masters. Engineering Heritage, Vol. II, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers/Heinemann.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Lanchester, Frederick William
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119 Shannon, Claude Elwood
[br]b. 30 April 1916 Gaylord, Michigan, USA[br]American mathematician, creator of information theory.[br]As a child, Shannon tinkered with radio kits and enjoyed solving puzzles, particularly crypto-graphic ones. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1936 with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics and electrical engineering, and earned his Master's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1937. His thesis on applying Boolean algebra to switching circuits has since been acclaimed as possibly the most significant this century. Shannon earned his PhD in mathematics from MIT in 1940 with a dissertation on the mathematics of genetic transmission.Shannon spent a year at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, then in 1941 joined Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he began studying the relative efficiency of alternative transmission systems. Work on digital encryption systems during the Second World War led him to think that just as ciphers hide information from the enemy, "encoding" information could also protect it from noise. About 1948, he decided that the amount of information was best expressed quantitatively in a two-value number system, using only the digits 0 and 1. John Tukey, a Princeton colleague, named these units "binary digits" (or, for short, "bits"). Almost all digital computers and communications systems use such on-off, or two-state logic as their basis of operation.Also in the 1940s, building on the work of H. Nyquist and R.V.L. Hartley, Shannon proved that there was an upper limit to the amount of information that could be transmitted through a communications channel in a unit of time, which could be approached but never reached because real transmissions are subject to interference (noise). This was the beginning of information theory, which has been used by others in attempts to quantify many sciences and technologies, as well as subjects in the humanities, but with mixed results. Before 1970, when integrated circuits were developed, Shannon's theory was not the preferred circuit-and-transmission design tool it has since become.Shannon was also a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence, claiming that computing machines could be used to manipulate symbols as well as do calculations. His 1953 paper on computers and automata proposed that digital computers were capable of tasks then thought exclusively the province of living organisms. In 1956 he left Bell Laboratories to join the MIT faculty as Professor of Communications Science.On the lighter side, Shannon has built many devices that play games, and in particular has made a scientific study of juggling.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNational Medal of Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honor, Kyoto Prize.BibliographyHis seminal paper (on what has subsequently become known as information theory) was entitled "The mathematical theory of communications", first published in Bell System Technical Journal in 1948; it is also available in a monograph (written with Warren Weaver) published by the University of Illinois Press in 1949, and in Key Papers in the Development of Information Theory, ed. David Slepian, IEEE Press, 1974, 1988. For readers who want all of Shannon's works, see N.J.A.Sloane and A.D.Wyner, 1992, TheCollected Papers of Claude E.Shannon.HO -
120 Telecommunications
См. также в других словарях:
Hartley — may refer to:Places;England *In Cumbria **Hartley, Cumbria (village) **Hartley Castle *In Devon **Hartley, Plymouth (see Places in Plymouth) *In Kent **Hartley, Kent **Hartley, Cranbrook *In Northumberland **New Hartley **Hartley, Northumberland… … Wikipedia
Hartley — bezeichnet: Hartley (Einheit), eine nicht mehr gebräuchliche Einheit der Informationsmenge verschiedene, jeweils nach Malcolm Hartley benannte, astronomische Objekte, darunter: 100P/Hartley, kurzperiodischer Komet 103P/Hartley, kurzperiodischer… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hartley's — is a UK brand of marmalades and jams, Manufactured at Long Sutton, Lincolnshire by Chivers Hartley Ltd. A company that is now owned by Premier Foods.vague History Hartley s was a grocers founded by Sir William Pickles Hartley near Pendle,… … Wikipedia
Hartley — Hartley, IA U.S. city in Iowa Population (2000): 1733 Housing Units (2000): 803 Land area (2000): 1.275932 sq. miles (3.304648 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.275932 sq. miles (3.304648 sq. km) … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Hartley, IA — U.S. city in Iowa Population (2000): 1733 Housing Units (2000): 803 Land area (2000): 1.275932 sq. miles (3.304648 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.275932 sq. miles (3.304648 sq. km) FIPS code:… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Hartley, TX — U.S. Census Designated Place in Texas Population (2000): 441 Housing Units (2000): 157 Land area (2000): 6.976376 sq. miles (18.068729 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 6.976376 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Hartley — (spr. hártlĭ), David, engl. Philosoph, geb. um 1704 zu Illingworth in der Grafschaft York, gest 1757 in Bath, studierte erst Theologie, dann Medizin und Philosophie zu Cambridge und lebte als Arzt an verschiedenen Orten, zuletzt in Bath. Als… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Hartley [1] — Hartley, David, geb. 1705 in Illingworth, prakticirte als Arzt in Nottingham, später in London u. st. 1757 in Bath. Außer medicinischen Schriften schr. er auch: Observations on man, Lond. 1749, 2 Bde., 3. Bd. von Priestley als Theory of human… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Hartley [2] — Hartley, Städtischer Bezirk (Township) in der Grafschaft Union des Staates Pennsylvanien (Nordamerika); 2200 Ew … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Hartley — (Hartli), David, geb. 1705, gest. 1757, engl. Arzt, schrieb ein Buch über den Menschen (London 1749), in welchem bereits der »Nervengeist« die Rolle spielt, welche ihm Eschenmayer etc. wieder zugewiesen haben … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Hartley — Hartley, David … Philosophy dictionary