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81 EUROPEAN MONETARу SYSTEM
(EMS) (Европейская валютная система (ЕВС)) Система стабилизации валютных курсов, в которой участвуют государства-члены Европейского сообщества (European Community). Она состоит из двух элементов: механизма валютных курсов (МВК) (Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)), в рамках которого страны-члены обязуются поддерживать стоимость своих валют в согласованных узких пределах, и механизма выравнивания платежных балансов (balance of payments support mechanism), действующего через Европейский Фонд валютного сотрудничества (European Monetary Cooperation Fund). Считается, что МВК помог поддержанию стабильности обменных курсов и содействовал координации макроэкономической политики. В его рамках устанавливается стоимость каждой валюты в ЭКЮ и определяется паритетная сетка (parity grid)-обменные курсы в ЭКЮ каждой пары валют. Если рыночные курсы отклоняются от этих взаимных паритетов более чем на допустимый показатель (в настоящее время 2,25%), соответствующие правительства должны принять меры для устранения этих отклонений. Конечная цель МВК достаточно противоречива. Одни считают, что она должна содействовать сотрудничеству в денежно-кредитной области; для других она является первым шагом к общеевропейской валюте и Европейскому валютному союзу (European Monetary Union) с Европейским центральным банком (central bank). В 1992 г. МВК был нанесен серьезный удар: правительства Италии, Великобритании и Испании не смогли поддерживать курс своих валют на уровне выше минимального (см.: realignment( механизм совместного колебания валютных курсов; пересмотр валютных курсов)) и перешли к их плавающим курсам, что дало основания критикам Европейской валютной системы заявить о ее развале и о невозможности реализации идеи Европейского валютного союза. См. также: European Currency Unit (европейская валютная единица)).Финансы: англо-русский толковый словарь > EUROPEAN MONETARу SYSTEM
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82 meter
1) метр•- ac watthour meter
- acoustic Mach meter
- active-power meter
- audio-frequency meter
- balanced-potential meter
- battery-meter meter
- candle power meter
- capacitance meter
- cavity-frequency meter
- clamp-on meter
- current meter
- dc meter
- decibel meter
- differential-frequency meter
- digital Z meter
- digital-frequency meter
- echo meter
- electrical power meter
- electrical-impedance meter
- electronic phase-angle meter
- field-tensity meter
- footcandle meter
- Frahm-frequency meter
- frequency meter
- gain-phase meter
- grid-rectifying meter
- heterodyne-frequency meter
- impedance meter
- inductance meter
- induction watt-hour meter
- insertion meter
- integrating-frequency meter
- light meter
- luminance meter
- Madsen-impedance meter
- master-frequency meter
- modulation meter
- motor meter
- moving-coil meter
- moving-iron meter
- noise-figure meter
- peak-program meter
- period meter
- phase meter
- phase-angle meter
- photoconductive meter
- polyphase meter
- portable gamma-ray meter
- power meter
- power-factor meter
- pressure meter
- Q-meter
- quality-factor meter
- quotient meter
- ratio meter
- reactivity meter
- reed-type frequency meter
- resistance meter
- RF-meter
- signal-strength meter
- S-meter
- sound level meter
- standard meter
- standing wave meter
- static charge meter
- static watthour meter
- S-unit meter
- SWR meter
- through-line meter
- time meter
- tuned-reed frequency meter
- vibrating-reed frequency meter
- voltage meter
- volt-ohm meter
- volt-ohm-milliampere meter
- volume meterEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > meter
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83 chart
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84 building
1) постройка; строение; здание; сооружение; комплекс зданий3) строительный•- abutting buildings - accessory building - additional building - administrative building - air-conditioned building - ancillary building - arch building - basic building - bay-type building - bay-type industrial building - bridge building - business building - civic building - cold-weather building - community building - concrete-steel building - control building - convertible building - deckhead building - detached building - detention building - dilapidated building - domestic building - ecclesiastical building - engine building - engineering building - exhibition building - fabricated building - flat building - framed building - frame-panel building - functional building - hall building - hall-type industrial building - heapstead building - high-density apartment building - high-rise apartment building - high-rise building - intelligent building - integrated building - jerry building - line building - low-rise apartment building - market building - medium-rise apartment building - memorial building - mill building - model building - modular building - monastic building - multispan industrial building - multispan complex industrial building - multistorey apartment building - multistoreyed building - multistoreyed garage building - municipal building - office building - one-storey building - pavilion-like building - prefabricated building - prefabricated reusable building - process building - production building - pseudodipteral building - public building - railroad building - residence building - residential building - residential and community building - ribbon building - ruinous building - sectional building - set-back building - single-aisle building - single-storey building - smallholding building - speculative building - speculative building of flats - sporadic building - sport building - sports building - standardized building - station building - steel frame mill building - stone building - storage building - store building - stressed-skin building - system building - temporal building - temporary building - tenement building - theatre building - tier building - timber building - tower building - towerlike building - two-aisle building - tyre building - universal building - walk-up building - water-conditioning building* * *1. здание; сооружение; постройка; строение; корпус2. строительство; возведение зданийbuilding constructed to 12 m grid — здание с сеткой колонн 12*12 м
building ready for moving-in — здание «под ключ»
- above-grade buildingbuilding up of surface layer — нанесение поверхностного слоя (напр. бетона при торкретировании)
- above-ground building
- abutting buildings
- accessory building
- administration building
- agricultural building
- agricultural production building
- airport building
- all-brick building
- all-metal building
- ancillary building
- arch building
- bank building
- bearing-wall building
- beautifully detailed building
- bedroom building
- bridge building
- central-corridor residential building
- centralized building
- centrally-planned building
- cherished building
- civic building
- cold-weather building
- communal building
- complicated building
- concrete building
- concrete-frame building
- curved building
- demountable building
- domestic building
- earthquake resistance building
- earth-sheltered building
- ecclesiastic building
- educational building
- energy-efficient building
- expo building
- factory building
- factory-built building
- farm building
- fireproof building
- framed building
- frame building
- functional building
- government building
- great public building
- heavy industrial building
- heightened building
- high-rise building
- historic building
- home building
- hostel building
- industrial building
- industrialized building
- industrial production building
- inflatable building
- integrated building
- large-panel building
- light industrial building
- line building
- link building
- loft building
- low-energy building
- low rise building
- main building
- manufacturing building
- memorial building
- mill building
- minor industrial building
- module-built building
- multicompartment building
- multifamily residential building
- multipurpose building
- multistory building
- multiuse building
- municipal buildings
- neighboring buildings
- nondomestic building
- nonresidential building
- office building
- permanent buildings
- portal framed building
- porticoed building
- post-frame building
- post-tensioned building
- precast concrete building
- precast concrete demountable building
- precast concrete framed building
- pre-engineered metal building
- prefabricated building
- pressurized building
- production building
- public building
- public service buildings
- quickly erected building
- racetrack building
- railway buildings
- raised building
- ramshackle building
- rectilinear building
- relocatable building
- repellent looking building
- residence building
- ribbon building
- riverside building
- school building
- science building
- set-back building
- single story building
- site-cast concrete building
- skeleton building
- solar building
- split-level building
- sports building
- steel building
- steel-framed building
- steel-frame building
- steel framed multistory buildings
- storage building
- stuccoed building
- subtle building
- systems building
- tall block building
- tapering building
- temporary buildings
- terminal building
- terraced buildings
- three-dimensional module house building
- three-dimensional house building
- three-floored building
- tier building
- tower building
- tropical building
- turn-key type building
- typical apartment building
- unassertive building
- unit-built building
- university building
- unserviceable building
- ventilation building
- walk-up building
- waterside building
- wing-shaped building
- winter building -
85 failure
1) разрушение; крушение; авария2) отказ, сбой, неисправность•- failure of a unit - failure of current - failure of dam - alkali failure of rollers - at failure - bearing failure - bending failure - bond failure - compression failure - corrosive failure - delayed failure - early failure - elastic failure - endurance failure - hazardous failure - inherited weakness failure - in-plant failure - mechanical failure of structure - misuse failure - oxidation failure - partial failure - performance failure - power failure - premature failure - random failure - repeated stress failure - shear failure - shearing failure - sliding failure - structural failure - structural fatigue failure - surface failure - tensile failure - torsion failure - tyre failure - wear-out failure - weld failure* * *1. разрушение, излом; потеря несущей способности; обрушение (здания, сооружения)2. отказ; наработка- failure of lifting devicefailure during construction — обрушение [разрушение] конструкции в процессе строительства
- failure of performance
- failure of power supply
- adhesive failure
- bearing-capacity failure
- bending failure
- bending compression failure
- bending oscillation failure
- bending tension failure
- block failure
- bond failure
- brittle failure
- building failure
- building foundation failure
- catastrophic failure
- compression failure
- earthquake induced failures
- endurance failure
- fatigue failure
- grid failure
- local failure
- local shear failure
- mains failure
- shearing failure
- shear failure
- slope failure
- structural failure
- toe failure
- unstable failure -
86 nested
гнездовой (о погрузке); уплотненный (о размещении одних предметов внутри других)- nested container - nested design - nested form - nested gear unit - nested grid - nested iteration - nested modules - nested table -
87 one
- one-cylinder motor - one-day run - one-gun washer - one-half of roadway - one-hole nozzle - one-lane bridge - one-man - one-man job - one-man machine - one-piece casting - one-piece construction - one-piece steel ring - one-piece steel piston ring - one-quarter elliptic spring - one-seater - one-shot lubricating system - one-sided heating - one-stop station - one-track - one-turn tank cap - fuel tank cap - one-turn radiator cap - one unit - one-way - one-way element - one-way street - one-way street grid - one-way traffic - one-way trip - one-wire system -
88 length
1) длина; протяжённость2) расстояние3) участок; отрезок4) метал. прокатанная заготовка•- commercial stock lengthlength in wavelength units — физ. волновая длина
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89 sampling
1) взятие образцов; пробоотбор, отбор проб || пробный2) выборка3) стат. выборочный контроль; выборочное исследование4) дискретизация, квантование, квантизация5) опробование6) компьют. опрос7) полигр. выбор пробного оттиска•sampling by attributes — стат. выборочный контроль по качественным признакам
sampling by variables — стат. выборочный контроль по количественным признакам
sampling on successive occasions — стат. выборка в последовательные моменты времени
sampling with partial replacement — стат. выборка с частичным возвращением
sampling with recall — стат. выборка с возвращением
sampling with repetiton — стат. выборка с повторением
sampling with replacement — стат. выборка с возвращением
sampling with stratification — стат. выборка с расслоением
sampling with unequal probability — стат. выборка с неравными вероятностями
sampling without repetition — стат. выборка без повторения
- proportionately stratified samplingsampling without replacement — стат. выборка без возвращения
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90 alarm circuit
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91 broken circuit
эл. разомкнутая цепь -
92 bulk sampling
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93 check circuit
1. контрольная схема; цепь контроля; цепь проверки2. цепь контроля; цепь проверки -
94 cluster sampling
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95 communication circuit
цепь связи; цепочка связи -
96 continuous sampling
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97 electric circuit
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98 indirect sampling
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99 lattice sampling
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100 open circuit
разомкнутая цепь; разомкнутый контур
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