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gott.

  • 121 getta

    u, f. = genta, a girl; Geirhildr getta, gott er öl þetta, Fas. ii. (in a verse); norræn getta, Egilsson’s Poems, 115 (and, ‘getta er sama og genta’).

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  • 122 glíkja

    * * *
    and líkja, ð and t, to make like; Clemens glíkði atferð sína eptir Petro postula, Clem. 39; glíkir sik gömlum karli, Stj. 475: to imitate, with acc., a Latinism, Hom. 57; g. eptir, to imitate; er öllum sé gott eptir at glíkja, Bs. i. 140; þat skyldi eptir öðru líkja er goðin ætti rammari, Fms. v. 319; hinna höfðingja dæmi, er betra er eptir at líkja, vii. 296, Magn. 504; kölluðusk þat allt líkja eptir biskupi, Sturl. ii. 12, (likea, Bs. i. 500, l. c.); líkja alla sína dóma eptir Guðligum daemum, Sks. 599.
    II. reflex. to belike, resemble; mun ek glíkjask foglum þeim er …, 623. 53; nú glíkðusk menn Guði, Greg. 21; líkjask í ætt e-s, Ld. 24; at þú skyldir nú meir líkjask í ætt Haralds ens Hárfagra um skaplyndi en Rana Mjónef móður-föður þínum eðr Nereið jarli enum Gamla, Ó. H. 31; Haraldr líktisk í móður-ætt sína, Fas. (Hb.) i. 356; nú líkisk barn þat honum, N. G. L. i. 30; at líkjask þeim, Sks. 18, Magn. 466.

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  • 123 GOÐ

    * * *
    n. pl. [all the Teutonic languages have this word in common; Ulf. guþa, n. pl., Gal. iv. 8; guda, id., John x. 34, 35; and Guþ, m.; A. S. godu, n. pl., and God, m.; O. H. G. Cot: in mod. languages masc.; Engl. God; Germ. Gott; Dan.-Swed. Gud].
    A. HISTORICAL REMARKS.—In heathen times this word was neuter, and was used almost exclusively in plur., as were also other words denoting Godhead, e. g. regin or rögn = numina, q. v.; and bönd, höpt, prop. = bonds, and metaph. gods:—this plur. usage seems not to refer to a plurality of gods, but rather, as the Hebrew אלהים, to the majesty and mystery of the Godhead; it points to an earlier and purer faith than that which was current in the later ages of the Scandinavian heathendom; thus the old religious poem Völuspá distinguishes a twofold order of gods,—the heavenly powers (regin or ginn-heilög goð) who had no special names or attributes, and who ruled the world, like the Μοιρα or Αισα of Gr. mythology;—and the common gods who were divided into two tribes, Æsir ( Ases) and Vanir, whose conflict and league are recorded in Vsp. 27, 28, and Edda 47.
    II. after the introduction of Christianity, the masculine gender (as in Greek and Latin) superseded the neuter in all Teutonic languages, first in Gothic, then in Old High German and Anglo-Saxon, and lastly in the Scandinavian languages; but neither in Gothic nor in Icel. did the word ever take the masc. inflexive r or s, so that it remains almost unique in form.
    2. in Scandinavian the root vowel was altered from o to u (goð to guð), [Swed.-Dan. gud], yet in old poems of the Christian age it is still made to rhyme with o, Goðs, boðnum; Goð, roðnar, Sighvat; as also in the oldest MSS. of the 12th century; sometimes however it is written ḡþ, in which case the root vowel cannot be discerned.
    3. in Icel. the pronunciation also underwent a change, and the g in Guð ( God) is now pronounced gw (Gwuð), both in the single word and in those proper names which have become Christian, e. g. Guðmundr pronounced Gwuðmundr, whence the abbreviated form Gvendr or Gvöndr. The old form with o is still retained in obsolete words, as goði, goðorð, vide below, and in local names from the heathen age, as Goð-dalir; so also Gormr (q. v.), which is contracted from Goð-ormr not Guð-ormr. On the other hand, the Saxon and German have kept the root vowel o.
    III. in old poems of heathen times it was almost always used without the article; gremdu eigi goð at þér, Ls.; áðr vér heilög goð blótim, Fas. i. (in a verse); ginnheilög Goð, Vsp. passim; goðum ek þat þakka, Am. 53; með goðum, Alm.; in prose, en goð hefna eigi alls þegar, Nj. 132.
    2. with the article goð-in, Vsp. 27: freq. in prose, um hvat reiddusk goðin þá er hér brann hraunit er nú stöndu vér á, Bs. i. (Kr. S.) 22; eigi eru undr at goðin reiðisk tölum slíkum, id.; Hallfreðr lastaði eigi goðin, þó aðrir menn hallmælti þeim, Fms. ii. 52; allmikin hug leggr þú á goðin, Fs. 94; eigi munu goðin þessu valda, Nj. 132, passim.
    3. very seldom in sing., and only if applied to a single goddess or the like, as Öndor-goðs (gen.), Haustl. 7; Vana-goð, of Freyja, Edda; enu skírleita goði, of the Sun, Gm. 39.
    IV. after the introduction of Christianity, the neut. was only used of false gods in sing. as well as in pl., Sólar-goð = Apollo, Orrostu-goð = Mars, Drauma-goð = Morpheus, Bret. (Verel.); and was held up for execration by the missionaries; gör þik eigi svá djarfa, at þú kallir goð hinn hæsta konung er ek trúi á, Fb. i. 371. Yet so strongly did the neut. gender cleave to the popular mind that it remains (Grág. Kb. i. 192) in the oath formula, goð gramt = Goð gramr; and Icel. still say, í Guðanna (pl.) bænum.
    2. guðír, masc. pl., as in A. S. gudas, is freq. in eccl. writers, but borrowed from the eccl. Lat.
    B. IN COMPDS:
    I. with nouns, goða-blót, n. sacrifice to the gods, Fb. i. 35. goða-gremi, f. a term in the heathen oath, wrath of the gods, Eg. 352. goða-heill, f. favour of the gods, Þorst. Síðu H. 9. goða-hús, n. a house of gods, temple, Dropl. 11, Nj. 131, Fb. i. 337. goða-stallar, m. pl. the altar in temples, Fas. i. 454. goða-stúka, u, f. the sanctuary in heathen temples, answering to the choir or sanctuary in churches, Landn. 335 (App.) goða-tala, u, f. in the phrase, í goðatölu, in the tale ( list) of gods, 625. 41. goð-borinn, part. διογενής, god-born, Hkv. 1. 29. goð-brúðr, f. bride of the gods (the goddess Skaði), Edda (in a verse). Goð-dalir, m. pl. a local name, hence Goð-dælir, m. pl. a family, Landn. goð-gá, f. blasphemy against the gods, Nj. 163, Ld. 180. goð-heimr, m. the home of the gods, Stor. 20, cp. Ýt. goð-konungr, m. (cp. Gr. διογενής βασιλεύς), a king,—kings being deemed the offspring of gods, Ýt. goð-kunnigr and goð-kyndr, adj. of the kith of gods, Edda 6, 11, 13. goð-lauss, adj. godless, a nickname, Landn. goð-lax, m. a kind of salmon, Edda (Gl.) goð-leiðr, adj. loathed by the gods, Korm. goð-máligr, adj. skilled in the lore of the gods, Hým. 38. goð-mögn, n. pl. divine powers, deities, Edda 1; biðja til þinna goðmagna, Bret. (Verel.) goð-reið, f. ‘a ride of gods’ through the air, a meteor, thought to forebode great events, Glúm. (in a verse), cp. the Swed. åska. goð-rifi, n. scorn of the gods, Sks. 435. goð-rækr, adj. ‘god-forsaken,’ wicked, 623. 30. goðum-leiðr, adj. = goðleiðr, Landn. (in a verse). goð-vargr, m. a ‘god-worrier,’ sacrilegus, ‘lupus in sanctis,’ Bs. i. 13 (in a verse). goð-vefr, vide guðvefr. goð-vegr, m. the way of the gods, the heaven, the sky, Hdl. 5. Goð-þjóð, f. the abode of the gods, Vsp.:—but Goth. Gut-þjuda = the land of the Goths, by assimilation Goð-þjóð, passim in old poems and the Sagas.
    II. with pr. names, originally Goð-, later and mod. Guð-; of men, Guð-brandr, Guð-laugr, Guð-leifr, Guð-mundr, Guð-röðr, Guð-ormr or Gutt-ormr, etc.; of women, Guð-björg, Guð-finna, Guð-laug, Guð-leif, Guð-ný, Guð-ríðr, Guð-rún, etc.; cp. the interesting statement in Eb. (App.) 126 new Ed. (from the Hauks-bók), that men of the olden time used to call their sons and daughters after the gods (Goð-, Þór-, Frey-, Ás-); and it was thought that a double (i. e. a compound) name gave luck and long life, esp. those compounded with the names of gods; menn höfðu mjök þá tvau nöfn, þótti þat likast til langlífis ok heilla, þótt nokkurir fyrirmælti þeim við goðin, þá mundi þat ekki saka, ef þeir ætti eitt nafn, though any one cursed them by the gods it would not hurt if they had ‘one’ name, i. e. if they were the namesakes of the gods, Eb. l. c.;—we read ‘eitt nafn’ for ‘eitt annat nafn’ of the Ed. and MS. In Fb. i. 23, the mythical king Raum is said to have had three sons, Alf, Björn, and Brand; the first was reared by the Finns, and called Finn-Alf; Björn by his mother (a giantess), and called Jötun-Björn; and Brand was given to the gods, and called Goð-Brand (Guð-brandr, whence Guðbrands-dalir, a county in Norway); cp. also Eb. ch. 7.
    ☞ For the Christian sense of God and its compds vide s. v. Guð.

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  • 124 guð-lasta

    að, [Germ. Gott lästern], to blaspheme, Bs. i. 16, Mar. 39, Stj. 320, Fb. i. 371.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > guð-lasta

  • 125 hand-bragð

    n. handicraft, manner of work, gott, íllt h.: of needlework, það er handbragðið hennar á því, and the like.

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  • 126 HÁLS

    * * *
    (gen. háls, pl. hálsar), m.
    1) neck; taka höndum um háls e-m, to embrace one; beygja háls fyrir e-m, to bend the neck to one; liggja e-m á hálsi fyrir e-t, to reprove, blame one for; standa á hálsi e-m to put the foot on one’s neck;
    2) bow of a ship or boat (Hýmir reri í hálsinum fram);
    5) the tip of a bow (hann dregr svá bogann, at saman þótti bera hálsana);
    6) ridge, hill;
    7) pl., góðir hálsar, good men! fine fellows!.
    * * *
    m., prop. hals, [Goth., A. S., etc. hals; North. E. hause; cp. Lat. collum]:—the neck; dúkr á hálsi, Rm. 16; bjartr háls, 26, Fms. viii. 77; falla um háls e-m, to fall on one’s neck, embrace one, Luke xv. 20; leggja hendr um háls e-m, or taka höndum um háls e-m, id., Nj. 10, passim: phrases, beygja háls fyrir e-m, to bend the neck to one, Fms. ix. 446; liggja e-m á hálsi, to hang upon one’s neck, i. e. to reprove one, xi. 336, O. H. L. 36; standa á hálsi e-m, to put the foot on one’s neck, Hkv. 2. 28; and more mod., tapa hálsi, to forfeit one’s neck, Rétt. 61.
    COMPDS: hálsbeina, hálsbjörg, hálsbólga, hálsbrotna, hálsdigr, hálsfaðma, hálsfaðman, hálsfang, hálsfengja, hálsgjörð, hálshögg, hálshöggva, hálsjárn, hálsklútr, hálslangr, hálslausn, hálsliðr, hálsliðamjúkr, hálsmen, hálssár, hálsslag, hálsspenna, hálsstefni, hálsstig, hálsstuttr.
    B. Metaph.,
    I. naut. part of the forecastle or bow of a ship or boat, (höfuð, barki, háls, the head, weasand, neck, are all naut. terms); Hýmir reri í hálsinum fram, Edda 35; Þórðr Köttr sat á hálsi ok hélt vörð, Ísl. ii. 76; reri Þormóðr í hálsi en Þorgeirr í fyrir-rúmi en Grettir í skut, Grett. 125; Þorkell reri fram í hálsi en Þórðr í miðju skipi, Falgeirr í austr-rúmi, Fbr. 158; hence háls-rúm, n. = háls, Fms. ii. 252. 2. the front sheet of a sail, the tack of a sail, (cp. Swed. hals på ett segel):—Edda (Gl.) distinguishes between hefill (q. v.), háls, hanki, höfuðbendur ( stays); þá kom áfall svá mikit at frá laust vígin ok hálsana báða (brustu báðir hálsar in the verse), Fas. ii. 77; en ef sax brotnar, bæti tvær ertogar, ok svá fyrir háls hvern, ok svá tvær ertugar, N. G. L. ii. 283: in mod. usage, in tacking, the foresheet is called háls, the other skaut,—háls heitir á seglum skautið eðr skaut-klóin ( sheet clew) hvor um sig, sú er niðr liggr í hornunum, ok venjulega er fest í skipinu þar sem hentast þykkir fram eðr aptr, svo sem nú kalla sjómenn horn segla þau sem niðr horfa hvort sem aptr eptir skipinu er borit og þar fest, skaut (i. e. sheet), en hitt seglsins horn, sem fram eptir skipinu borit verðr, háls (i. e. tack), Skýr. 214. hálsa-skaut, n. pl. the front sheet, the tack, Vtkv.
    II. the end of a rope; þar sem jörðin lægist millum hálsanna, leitar vaðrinn at jörðunni, Fms. xi. 441.
    2. the tip of a bow to which the string is attached, Gr. κορώνη; þeir höfðu handboga, en jörðin var svá blaut, at bogahálsinn beit í jörðina niðr, Al. 142; báðir hrukku í sundr bogahálsarnir, Fas. ii. 88; hann dregr svá bogann, at saman þótti bera hálsana, Fb. iii. 406.
    3. one end of a drag-net (net-háls).
    4. the neck of a bottle, mod.
    III. the phrase, góðir hálsar, fine fellows! good men! is almost synonymous with drengr, q. v.; no doubt analogous to frjáls, frihals, see p. 174, qs. freemen, gentlemen; vil ek nú biðja yðr, góðir hálsar! at þér leggit til þat er yðr þykkir ráðligast, Sturl. iii. 71; séð nú, góðir hálsar! Fms. viii. 116; gefit til gott ráð, góðir hálsar! Stj. 437; hugsit um, góðir hálsar! 460; munda ek heldr þegja, góðir hálsar! Al. 97; sigrat hafit ér Serki, góðir hálsar! 119.
    IV. a hill, ridge, esp. in Icel. of the low fells dividing two parallel dales, cp. Lat. collis, Nj. 21, Eg. 544, Hrafn. 7, 11, Al. 93, Róm. 134, very freq.: as also in local names, Háls, Hálsar, Glýstaða-háls, Reynivalla-háls, Landn.: háls-brún, f. the edge of a hill, Eb. 176; cp. Fr. col.
    V. a pr. name, Landn.

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  • 127 heim-ván

    f. expectation of coming home; hann sagði sína heimván í efztu viku Föstu, Sturl. i. 25.
    2. eccl. departure, Germ. ableben; þat get ek ekki merkja heimván þína, Fms. vii. 108, cp. Fél. vii. p. xiv. pref.; hann svaraði, mér lizt, herra, sem þér munið eigi lengi hér eptir þurfa at berjast við heiminn,—Biskup mælti, því er gott at taka, eg á góða heimvon, taken from Jón Halldórsson’s Lives of Bishops, referring to the death of Jón Vídalín (A. D. 1720).

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  • 128 HELDR

    adv. compar.
    1) more, rather;
    heldr en, rather than, more than (vápn þeirra bitu eigi heldr en vendir);
    2) at heldr, any the more;
    also, all the more (at heldr tveimr, at ek mynda gjarna veita yðr öllum);
    at heldr þótt, even although;
    3) rather (nú vartu heldr til skjótr, en ek heldr til seinn);
    var brúðrin döpur heldr, the bride was rather sad;
    4) after a negative, but, on the contrary.
    * * *
    adv. compar.; superl. HELZT; [Goth. haldis; Dan. heller; Swed. hellre, heller: only Scandin., not being found in the Teut. dialects.]
    A. COMPAR.,
    I. more, rather:
    1. with the particle en (an), rather …, than; hann var heldr ljótr an góligr, Eluc. 55; kjós hann heldr til en frá, Bs. i. 480; umbeygilega hljóðs-grein heldr en hvassa, Skálda 182; með margföldu atkvæði heldr en einföldu, Sks. 311; hygg ek at heldr hafi hann helvíti en þessi maðr, Fms. vii. 118; vill hón at honum sé eigi frá vísat … heldr en þeir gefi upp borgina, Fms. i. 157: with a comparative, less than, more than; er þeim sé eigi minni kunnleikr á heldr en nábúum, Grág. ii. 343; bað hann skipa eptir konung-legri miskunn meirr, heldr en eptir hóflausri reiði Amans, Sks. 467.
    2. hvart-heldr …, eða, either …, or; whether …, or …; hvárt sem þat yrði heldr kú ildi eðr vaðmál, Dipl. iv. 13; en nú vitum vér eigi hvárt heldr er, … eða muntú …, now we know not which is the case, whether … or …, Fms. i. 33: eða being understood, Gunnlaugi kveðsk vel líka hvárt at heldr er, G. said he should be well pleased whatsoever was done, Ísl. ii. 267.
    3. at heldr, not merely …, but rather, all the more, or after a negative, any more; at heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, not merely for two, but I would gladly yield it to you all, Nj. 117; ok þótti ekki hans hefnt at heldr, þótt (the more, though) þetta væri at gört, Ísl. ii. 273; en eigi er at heldr hefnt göfugra frænda várra, Fms. viii. 136, Hm. 95; ok at heldr þótt ( even though) þeir væri frjálsir menn, þá væri þeir þó ( yet) óbóta-menn, Eg. 737.
    II. intens. very; systur fríða heldr, a very pretty sister, Hom. 115; heldr hljóðr, heldr fámálugr, Fms. xi. 78; var brúðrin döpr heldr, Nj. 11; þaer vóru málgar ok heldr íllorðar, 66; heldr ertú fámennr, Glúm. 377; tala heldr harðfarliga, Eb. 256; konungr var h. úkátr, Eg. 44; mér er heldr kalt, I am very cold, Orkn. (in a verse); þat mun mál manna, at görð sjá sé heldr skökk, Eg. 738; Þorólfr fýsti heldr uppgöngu, Eg. 242; var þá svá komit deginum, at heldr tók út eyktina, that the hour of eykt was just passing, Fb. i. 192.
    III. but, on the contrary, Germ. aber, vielmehr, esp. after a negative; eru þat ekki engla nöfn? answer, heldr (no, but) kenningar-nöfn, Eluc. 12; eigi mælir hann svá …, heldr ( but), 40:—eigi, … nema enn heldr, but on the contrary, Stj. 409, 412, 428, 442; hann rak eigi erendi bróður síns, heldr bað hann þeirrar konu sér til handa, Fms. vii. 103; at hyggjandi sinni skylit maðr hræsinn vera, heldr gætinn at geði, Hm. 6; ekki er þat, heldr vill faðir þinn, at …, Glúm. 379; láta þeir sér þat eigi einhlítt, heldr hafa þeir tekið …, Ó. H. 32; hæfir þat ekki, … heldr er yðr þat sæmd, at …, Fagrsk. ch. 16; með lítilli gleði, heldr með miklu angri, Barl. 144.
    β. but, Lat. sed, at; Rútr mun ámæla þér í öngu, heldr mun hann biðja at allir geymi þín sem bezt, Nj. 14; eru þeir eigi einir saman í ráða-görð sinni, heldr hafa þeir með sér marga vitra menn, Sks. 313: very freq. in mod. usage, but, þar er hvorki kafald né vetrar-ríki né steypi-regn, heldr …, Od. ix; öngvar hafa þeir ráðs-samkomur eða lög, heldr búa þeir í víðum hellrum, 112; ekki hafa hjarðmenn þar yfirför, eða akryrkju-menn, heldr er eyin ávalt óbygð af mönnum, 123; ekki bjuggu Lótofagar bana-ráð mönnum mínum, heldr …, 92; hann vildi ekki aptr snúa … heldr vildu þeir eptir verða, 95; hann var hið mesta tröll, og ekki menskum manni líkr, heldr skógþöktum tindi hárra fjalla, 191; grát eigi lengr svo ákafliga, freista heldr ( but try) …, Od. iv. 544.
    IV. with adverbs; ekki heldr, neither; ekki allnærri, og ekki h. mjög langt undan landi, Od. ix. 117; né heldr, nor either; ekki er þar heldr umgangr af veiði-mönnum, neither is there …, 120; hvorki gróðr-setja þeir nokkra plantan með höndum sínum né heldr ( neither) plægja jörðina, 108: ekki … auk heldr, not to speak of, still less, far less; hann vill ekki ljá mér það, auk heldr gefa, he will not lend it to me, far less give it: hitt-þó-heldr, rather the contrary! proncd. hitt-ó-heldr! ironically, e. g. tarna er fallegt, hittó-heldr, how fine, or rather the contrary! i. e. what a shame! with adverb. datives, öngu heldr, no more; öllu heldr, miklu heldr, much sooner.
    B. SUPERL.,
    I. soonest; hefi ek þat helzt í hug mér, Nj. 21; kunnu þeir þat helzt at segja til Ástríðar, at …, Fms. i. 68; þeir þykkjask nú helzt menn, Nj. 66: most, nú er þetta fylskni helzt, 133; sem ek veit sannast ok réttast ok helzt at lögum, Grág. i. 75.
    2. freq. in mod. usage, soonest, best, most, Germ. am liebsten, am besten; eg vildi það helzt, það væri helzt reynanda.
    II. with adverbs; einkum helzt, especially; þeir er Guði þjóna einkum helzt, 625. 165; hóti helzt, nökkvi helzt; þeir áttu hóti helzt sér nokkura kosti í fémunum, Ísl. ii. 134; ok þat hefir hann nökkvi helzt, er Búi mælir fyrir honum, Fms. xi. 78; þá hafði nú helzt nökkut munr á fengizt, Edda 32; allra h., above all; allra helzt í lögum, Skálda 162; hvar helzt, wheresoever, Hom.
    III. helzti or hölzti, with an adjective, very much, very, often with the notion of far too; hölzti varr, Fms. viii. 91; hölzti nær oss! 133; hölzti vaskligir, Al. 37; hann létzk við hölzti mikinn hraustleik, 41; ok kvað Guðrúnu hölzti gott at vefja honum at höfði sér, Ld. 188, cp. Fms. ii. 255; helzti fáráðir, Fær. 37; helzti lengi ( far too long) hefir svá farit, Fms. vi. 393; þér sitið heima ok látið vænliga, ok eruð æ hölzti margir, Ld. 216; Þórólfr kvað þræl þann helzti auðgan, Eb. 154; hölzti miklir úgæfu-menn, Nj. 191; hölzti höfum vér verit auðtrygg, Fas. i. 531; þyki mér nú sú ræða helzti löng orðin, Sks. 352; ok er þér hvárr-tveggi helzti góðr, Fms. i. 75; kvað konung hölzti lengi þar hafa kropit um lyng, Hkr. iii. 376.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HELDR

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