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81 Watson-Watt, Sir Robert Alexander
[br]b. 13 April 1892 Brechin, Angus, Scotlandd. 6 December 1973 Inverness, Scotland[br]Scottish engineer and scientific adviser known for his work on radar.[br]Following education at Brechin High School, Watson-Watt entered University College, Dundee (then a part of the University of St Andrews), obtaining a BSc in engineering in 1912. From 1912 until 1921 he was Assistant to the Professor of Natural Philosophy at St Andrews, but during the First World War he also held various posts in the Meteorological Office. During. this time, in 1916 he proposed the use of cathode ray oscillographs for radio-direction-finding displays. He joined the newly formed Radio Research Station at Slough when it was opened in 1924, and 3 years later, when it amalgamated with the Radio Section of the National Physical Laboratory, he became Superintendent at Slough. At this time he proposed the name "ionosphere" for the ionized layer in the upper atmosphere. With E.V. Appleton and J.F.Herd he developed the "squegger" hard-valve transformer-coupled timebase and with the latter devised a direction-finding radio-goniometer.In 1933 he was asked to investigate possible aircraft counter-measures. He soon showed that it was impossible to make the wished-for radio "death-ray", but had the idea of using the detection of reflected radio-waves as a means of monitoring the approach of enemy aircraft. With six assistants he developed this idea and constructed an experimental system of radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging) in which arrays of aerials were used to detect the reflected signals and deduce the bearing and height. To realize a practical system, in September 1936 he was appointed Director of the Bawdsey Research Station near Felixstowe and carried out operational studies of radar. The result was that within two years the East Coast of the British Isles was equipped with a network of radar transmitters and receivers working in the 7–14 metre band—the so-called "chain-home" system—which did so much to assist the efficient deployment of RAF Fighter Command against German bombing raids on Britain in the early years of the Second World War.In 1938 he moved to the Air Ministry as Director of Communications Development, becoming Scientific Adviser to the Air Ministry and Ministry of Aircraft Production in 1940, then Deputy Chairman of the War Cabinet Radio Board in 1943. After the war he set up Sir Robert Watson-Watt \& Partners, an industrial consultant firm. He then spent some years in relative retirement in Canada, but returned to Scotland before his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1942. CBE 1941. FRS 1941. US Medal of Merit 1946. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1948. Franklin Institute Elliot Cresson Medal 1957. LLD St Andrews 1943. At various times: President, Royal Meteorological Society, Institute of Navigation and Institute of Professional Civil Servants; Vice-President, American Institute of Radio Engineers.Bibliography1923, with E.V.Appleton \& J.F.Herd, British patent no. 235,254 (for the "squegger"). 1926, with J.F.Herd, "An instantaneous direction reading radio goniometer", Journal ofthe Institution of Electrical Engineers 64:611.1933, The Cathode Ray Oscillograph in Radio Research.1935, Through the Weather Hours (autobiography).1936, "Polarisation errors in direction finders", Wireless Engineer 13:3. 1958, Three Steps to Victory.1959, The Pulse of Radar.1961, Man's Means to his End.Further ReadingS.S.Swords, 1986, Technical History of the Beginnings of Radar, Stevenage: Peter Peregrinus.KFBiographical history of technology > Watson-Watt, Sir Robert Alexander
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82 отражательный гониометр
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > отражательный гониометр
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83 гониометр
m. goniometerРусско-английский словарь математических терминов > гониометр
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84 двукружный гониометр
Русско-английский технический словарь > двукружный гониометр
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85 дифрактометрический гониометр
Русско-английский технический словарь > дифрактометрический гониометр
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86 однокружный гониометр
Русско-английский технический словарь > однокружный гониометр
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87 прикладной гониометр
Русско-английский технический словарь > прикладной гониометр
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88 угломер
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89 угломер зеркальный
<tech.> mirror goniometer -
90 (рентгеновский) гониометр с неподвижной плёнкой
Metallurgy: stationary-film goniometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > (рентгеновский) гониометр с неподвижной плёнкой
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91 (рентгеновский) гониометр с перемещающейся плёнкой
Metallurgy: moving-film goniometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > (рентгеновский) гониометр с перемещающейся плёнкой
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92 артрометр
1) Medicine: arthrometer2) Medical appliances: goniometer -
93 высокоточный гониометр
Metrology: precision goniometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > высокоточный гониометр
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94 гониометр радиопеленгатора целей
Military: target course bearing goniometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > гониометр радиопеленгатора целей
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95 гониометр с тремя лимбами
Metallurgy: three-circle goniometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > гониометр с тремя лимбами
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96 гониометр угломер
Medical appliances: goniometer -
97 гониометрическая головка
Metallurgy: goniometer headУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > гониометрическая головка
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98 двукристалловый рентгеновский гониометр
Engineering: double-crystal X-ray goniometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > двукристалловый рентгеновский гониометр
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99 двукристальный гониометр
Engineering: double-crystal goniometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > двукристальный гониометр
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100 двукружный отражательный гониометр
Makarov: two-circle goniometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > двукружный отражательный гониометр
См. также в других словарях:
Goniometer — Go ni*om e*ter, n. [Gr. ? angle + meter: cf. F. goniom[ e]tre.] An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of planes. [1913 Webster] {Contact goniometer}, or {Hand goniometer}, a goniometer having… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gonĭomēter — (griech., »Winkelmesser«), Instrument zur Messung der Winkel, die ebene Flächen miteinander bilden, der Grundoperation der Kristallographie. Das einfachste ist das Hand oder Anlegegoniometer von Carangeot (Fig. 1), das einem Transporteur mit… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Goniometer — (v. gr.), 1) Instrument zum Winkelmessen; 2) Werkzeug, die Neigung zweier Ebenen od. Kanten gegen einander zu bestimmen, bes. in der Mineralogie zur Bestimmung der Krystallformen. Früher maß man blos mit Zirkeln u. Mikrometern, später mit Hülfe… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Goniometer — Goniometer, s. Reflexionsgoniometer … Lexikon der gesamten Technik
Goniometer — Goniomēter (grch.), Winkelmesser, Instrument zur Bestimmung des Neigungswinkels zweier Kristallflächen; man unterscheidet Kontakt G. (Anlege G. [Abb. 708]) zur ungefähren Messung durch unmittelbaren Kontakt zweier auf die Kristallflächen… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
goniometer — [gō΄nē äm′ə tər] n. [ GONIO + METER] 1. an instrument for measuring angles, esp. of solid bodies 2. Radio an electrical device used to determine the direction or angle of signals coming from a transmitting station … English World dictionary
Goniometer — For other uses, see Goniometer (disambiguation). Goniometer made by Develey le Jeune in Lausanne, late 18th–early 19th century … Wikipedia
Goniometer — Das Goniometer (von griech. γωνία gōnia, „Winkel“ und μέτρον métron, „Maß (Meßwerkzeug, dann auch das Gemessene), auch Versmaß“) ist ein Messinstrument zur Bestimmung von Winkeln sowie der elektrischen Phasenlage bei der Stereofonie.… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Goniometer — Go|nio|me|ter 〈n. 13〉 = Winkelmesser [<grch. gonia „Winkel“ + metron „Maß“] * * * Goniometer [griechisch »Winkelmesser«] das, s/ , 1) Funktechnik: Teil eines Funkpeilers, der mit einem Kreuzrahmen oder einem Adcock arbeitet; es ermöglicht … Universal-Lexikon
goniométer — tra m (ẹ̄) teh. priprava za merjenje kotov; kotomer: položaj ladje so ugotovili z goniometrom; goniometer za kristale / radijski goniometer … Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika
Goniometer — goniometras statusas T sritis Standartizacija ir metrologija apibrėžtis Įtaisas kristalų ir prizmių kampams matuoti bei polikristalų sandarai tirti. atitikmenys: angl. goniometer vok. Goniometer, n; Winkelmesser, m rus. гониометр, m pranc.… … Penkiakalbis aiškinamasis metrologijos terminų žodynas
