-
21 af-laga
adv. unlawfully, Grág. i. 473, ii. 367, Gþl. 294, 432, 473, Hkr. ii. 246, Al. 153; ganga a., Stj. 430.2. now used in the sense to be out of joint, things going wrong. -
22 afugr
backwards, going the wrong way, v. öfugr. -
23 and-sælis
in common talk andhælis, adv. [sól], against the course of the sun (cp. the Scot. ‘widdershins,’ that is, going against the sunshine or the sun’s light, a direction universally considered both in England and Scotland to be most unlucky; see the quot. in Jamieson sub voce), Ísl. ii. 154, Rb. 134; esp. used of witches and ‘uncanny’ appearances; þat gékk öfugt um húsit ok a., it went backwards about the house and against the sun’s course, Eb. 268, Gísl. 33, cp. Fs. (Vd.) 43, 59; hon gékk öfug a. um tréit, ok hafði þar yfir mörg röm ummæli, Grett. 151.β. ansælis or andhælis is used of everything that goes backwards, wrong, or perversely; cp. andærr and andæris. -
24 at-för
ar, f.1. prop. a going to; as a Norse law term, execution, domr ok atför, Gþl. 361, 389: mod. Dan. adfœrd, cp. atferð, γ.2. in Icel. commonly of an onslaught or armed aggression, Fms. i. 54, Nj. 93, 93, 99, 113, Sturl. iii. 237, Ann. 1252. 3. method = aðferð, Fms. ii. 328.COMPDS: atfarardómr, atfararþing, atfaralaust. -
25 AUÐ-
adverbial prefix to a great many adjectives, adverbs, and participles (opp. to tor-), easily.* * *adverbial prefix to a great many adjectives, adverbs, and participles, seldom to subst. nouns, [not found in Ulf.; A. S. eâð, as in eâðmedu, humilitas, and also as a separate adj. eâde. facilis; Old Engl. ‘eath,’ ‘uneath,’ for ‘easy,’ ‘uneasy;’ Hel. ôð and ôði, facilis, unôði, difficilis], easy, opp. to tor-. To this ‘aud’ and not to ‘old’ may perhaps be referred some of the compds of aud and awd in Scottish and provincial English. Thus ‘audie’ in Scotch means an easy careless fellow; ‘aud farand,’ or ‘auld farand,’ may both mean easy going: v. the words in Jamieson and the Craven Glossary. -
26 baka
* * *(að), v.1) to bake (baka brauð);* * *að, [Gr. φώγειν, cp. also the Lat. focus; A. S. bacan; Engl. to bake; Germ. backen.]1. prop. to bake; b. brauð, N. G. L. i. 349; b. ok sjóða, to bake and cook, Gþl. 376. In Icel. steikja is to roast; baka, to bake; but in mod. usage steikja may also be used of baking on embers, opp. to baka, baking in a pan or oven; elda ofn til brauðs ok b., Hom. 113; b. í ofni, Fas. i. 244; people say in Icel. steikja köku (on embers), but baka brauð.2. metaph. and esp. in the reflex. bakast, to bake, i. e. to warm and rub the body and limbs, at a large open fire in the evening after day-work; v. bakeldr and bakstreldr; v. also the classical passages, Grett. ch. 16, 80, Fms. xi. 63, 64 (Jómsv. ch. 21), Orkn. ch. 34, 89, 105, Hkr. iii. 458. In Icel. the same fire was made for cooking and warming the body, Ísl. ii. 394, Eb. ch. 54, 55; hence the phrase, hvárt skal nú búa til seyðis (is a fire to be made for cooking) … svá skal þat vera, ok skaltú eigi þurfa heitara at baka, it shall be hot enough for thee to bake, Nj. 199 (the rendering of Johnsonius is not quite exact); skaltú eigi beiðast at baka heitara en ek mun kynda, Eg. 239: used of bathing, bakaðist hann lengi í lauginni, Grett. ch. 80, MS. Cod. Upsal. This ‘baking’ the body in the late evening before going to bed was a great pastime for the old Scandinavians, and seems to have been used instead of bathing; yet in later times (12th and 13th centuries) in Icel. at least bathing (v. above) came into use instead of it. In the whole of Sturl. or Bs. no passage occurs analogous to Grett. l. c. or Jómsv. S.β. bóndi bakar á báðar kinnr, blushed, Bs. ii. 42; þanneg sem til bakat er, as things stand, Orkn. 428; bakaði Helgi fótinn, H. baked the (broken) leg, Bs. i. 425; vide eldr.γ. (mod.) to cause, inflict; b. e-m öfund, hatr, óvild (always in a bad sense): af-baka means to distort, pervert.II. to put the back to, e. g. a boat, in floating it, (mod.) -
27 borðs-tilgangr
m. going to table, Fms. iii. 155. -
28 BRAUT
* * *I)(pl. brautir), f.1) road (cut through rocks, forests, etc.); ryðja braut, to cut a road;2) as adv. away, either with or without the prep. ‘á’ or ‘í’ (fara, ganga, komast braut or á braut, brauta; vera í braut or brautu; kasta e-u í braut, hverfa í braut, vera í braut or brautu). Cf. brott, burt.from brjóta.* * *f., dat. brautu, pl. ir, [a purely Scandin. word, formed from brjóta, braut, as Engl. road from Ital. rotta, via rupta]:— a road cut through rocks, forests, or the like, and distinguished from vegr, stigr, gata (path, track); Önundr konungr lét brjóta vegu um markir ok mýrar ok fjallvegu, fyrir því var hann Braut-Önundr kallaðr, Hkr. i. 46; ryðja b., to cut a road, Ísl. ii. 400; braut … eigi breiðari en götu breidd, Eg. 582.II. as adv. away, either with or without the prep. ‘á’ or ‘í,’ á braut or á brautu, which is the oldest form; but the common form in the old writers is brot, or with a double consonant, brott; later by metath. burt, burtu [Dan.-Swed. bort], which are the mod. forms, but not found in very early MSS.: it occurs in a verse in the Skálda—reið Brynhildar bróðir | ‘bort’ sá er hug né ‘skorti:’—braut, brautu; braut hvarf or sal sæta, Korm. (in a verse), Hm. 88; þraut, fer ek einn á brautu, Grett. (in a verse); in the Grág. freq., esp. in the old fragment Ed. A. D. 1852, pp. 19–26, where Kb. reads brott; the Miracle-book, Bs. i. 333 sqq., constantly gives braut; so also Ó. H. vellum of the middle of the 13th century: brott, Eg. 603, Nj. 132, Grág. i. 275: burt, burtu, in MSS. of the 15th century; the MSS. freq. use an abbreviated spelling b∞t (∞ denoting ro and or), so that it is difficult to see whether it is to be read brot or burt or bort. It is used with or without notion of motion; the acc. forms braut, brott, burt, originally denote going away; the dat. brautu, burtu, being away; but in common use both are used indiscriminately; þat var brott frá öðrum húsum, far off from other bouses, Eg. 203; vera rekinn brott (braut), to be driven away, Nj. 132; fara braut, to go away, Fms. x. 216; af landi brott, Grág. i. 275, 331, 145, 258, 264, cp. also Nj. 10, 14, 26, 52, 196, Fms. ix. 431, Eg. 319, 370, and endless instances.COMPDS: brautargengi, brautarmót, brautartak. -
29 brott-ferð
f. an away-going, departure, Fms. i. 69, Grág. i. 274, Sks. 337, Fs. 7, Eg. 750. brottferðar-öl, n. a parting banquet, Hkr. i. 216. -
30 brott-hald
n. a going away, Fms. vii. 197. -
31 brott-kváma
u, f. a going away, Fms. ii. 298. -
32 bygðar-rómr
m. a rumour going about in the neighbourhood, Krók. 34. -
33 dag-verðr
and dög-urðr, m., gen. ar, pl. ir, [Dan. davre], ‘day-meal,’ the chief meal of the old Scandinavians, taken in the forenoon at the time of dagmál, opp. to nátturðr or náttverðr (mod. Dan. nadver), supper; corresponding as to time with the mod. Engl. breakfast, as to the nature of the meal with the Engl. dinner. The old Scandinavians used to take a hearty meal before going to their work; cp. Tac. Germ. 22. An early and a hearty meal were synonymous words (vide árlegr); the old Hávamál advises men to go to the meeting ‘washed and with full stomach’ (þveginn ok mettr), but never to mind how bad their dress, shoes, or horse may be; and repeats the advice to take ‘an early meal’ even before visiting a friend, 32, cp. Hbl. 3. Several places in Icel. took their name from the settlers taking their first ‘day-meal,’ e. g. Dögurðar-nes, Dögurðar-á, Landn. 110, 111, cp. also Gísl. 12. The Gr. δειπνον is rendered by dagverðr, Greg. 43. Matth. xxii. 4; but in the Icel. N. T. of 1540 sq. δειπνον is constantly rendered by kveld-máltíð; eta dögurð, Landn. l. c., Nj. 175, Gísl. l. c.; sitja yfir dagverði, Eg. 564, 577, Ísl. ii. 336, Fms. iv. 337, ix. 30; dögurðar borð, a day-meal table, in the phrase, sitja at dögurðar borði, to sit at table, Fms. i. 40, vi. 411, Hkr. i. 153, iii. 157; dögurðar-mál and dögurðarmál-skeið, the day-meal time, time of the day-meal, Fms. viii. 330, v. l.; um morguninn at dagverðar máli, 443, Eg. 564, Edda 24, Hom. 91 (in pl.), O. H. L. 19.COMPD: dagverðardrykkja. -
34 EÐR
conj.,1) or; fyrr eða siðar, sooner or later; annathvárt … eða, either … or; hvárt … eða, whether (if) … or; hvart er … eða, whether … or;2) in comparison of two unlike things, and (mikinn mun eigum vér at gera þin eða annarra heimamanna);3) after a comparative, and perhaps (ek em eigi verri riddari en S. konungr, eða nökkuru betri);4) introducing a question, but (ek beiti Auðgisl, — eða ertu H. vandræðaskáld?);5) sometimes after a negation, = né, nor (þeir munu hvárki fyrir sjá fé sínu eða fjörvi).* * *or eða, which is the more freq. form in mod. use, conj., [Goth. auþþa; A. S. oððe; Engl. or; Germ. oder]:—or; joining two nouns, verbs, or adjectives, hold eðr blóð, heitr eða kaldr, illr eða góðr, etc., esp. after the pronouns annaðhvárt, hvárt, either; héraðsektir e. utanferðir, Nj. 189; slíkr vetr eða verri, Ísl. ii. 138; kaupmenn e. formenn, Fms. i. 11; í Blálandi eðr Arabia, Bb. 468; kirkjum eðr klaustrum, H. E. i. 419; í skógum eðr í öðrum fylsnum, Fms. iv. 384; skjóta e. kasta, e. höggva e. leggja, Sks. 430; fyrr e. síðar, sooner or later, Hkr. ii. 368.β. in comparison of two unlike things, the two things are connected with the disjunctive eða instead of the copulative ok, where the Engl. may use and, e. g. the proverb, sitt er hvað, gæfa eðr görfuleiki, there’s a difference between luck and wit; er úglíkt at hafa með sér góða drengi ok hrausta eðr einhleypinga, Ísl. ii. 325; úlíkr er þessi eða hinn fyrri, he is unlike and the first one, Mar. (Fr.); mun nokkut allíkt, garpskapr Bersa eðr stuldir Þórarins, i. e. can one compare the valour of B. and the thievishness of Thorarin? Korm. 142.γ. after a comparative, or even, sooner; ek em eigi verri riddari en Salomon konungr, eðr nokkuru betri, I am no worse a knight than king S., nay, rather somewhat better, Þiðr. 161; eigi síðr, … eðr nokkrum mun heldr, not less, but rather a little more. Barl. 97: otherwise, else, = ella, lykt skal landskyld vera fyrir sumarmál, eðr …, N. G. L. ii. 106 (rare): ellipt. = enn, than, meta hvárt þau sé meiri, eðr hennar föng sé, Js. 61.δ. denoting a query, exclamation, abrupt sentence, or the like, as Engl. or, what, but; ek heiti Auðgisl, eðr ertú Hallfreðr, my name is A., or art thou Hallfred? Fms. ii. 80; ek heiti Önundr, … eða hvert ætli þit at fara, but whither do you think of going? 81; nú vil ek gera at skapi þínu, eðr hvar skulum vit á leita? Nj. 3; sagði, at þeir mundi vera menn stórlátir, eðr hvat þeir mundi fyrir ætlask, Eg. 17; eðr með hverjum fórstu norðan? Finnb. 256; vituð ér enn, eðr hvat? Vsp. 22, 31, 38, 39. -
35 eptir-ganga
u, f. a going after, following, attendance, Eb. 112, Sturl. i. 14, iii. 10: prosecution of a thing, Fms. vii. 358. eptirgöngu-maðr, m. a follower, Eb. 112. -
36 erindis-lauss
n. adj. going in vain; fara at erindislausu, to go in vain. Fs. 5. -
37 farar-mungát
n. a bout before going, Eg. 88, Fas. i. 396. -
38 FINNAR
m. pl. Finns (usually the early non-Aryan inhabitants of Norway and Sweden; not identical with the modern Lapps or Finns).* * *m. the Finns and Lapps; Finnr, m. a Finn; Finna and Finn-kona, u, f. a Finn woman, Fms. x. 378; Finn-mörk, f. Finmark, Fms. passim; Finnland, n. Finland; Finnlendingar, m. pl. the Finns; the name Lapps only occurs in Orkn. ch. 1. and Ann. of the 14th century; Finn-ferð or Finn-för, f. or Finn-kaup, n. travelling or trading with the Finns or Lapps, Fms. vii, Eg. 25, Hkr. ii. 162; Finn-skattr, m. tribute paid by the Finns, Eg. 53, Fms. vi. 377; Finn-skref, n. cargo in a Finn merchant ship, Fas. ii. 515. 516; Finnskr, adj. Finnic, Lapp, etc., vide Fms, passim. The trade with the Finns or Lapps was in old times regarded as a royal monopoly, cp. esp. Eg. ch. 10, 14. Ó. H. ch. 122, Har. S. harðr. ch. 104, 106. and the deeds and laws passim.II. again the Finns or Lapps were in old times notorious for sorcery, hence the very names Finn and sorcerer became synonymous, cp. Vd. ch. 12, Landn. 3. 2, Har. S. hárf. ch. 25, 34, Hkr. Ól. S. Tr. ch. 36; the law forbids to believe in Finns or witchcraft (trúa á Finn eðr fordæður), N. G. L. i. 389, 403:—often in the phrase, Finn-ferð, f. going to the Finns; fara Finn-farar, f. pl. (N. G. L. i. 350) and fara á Finn-mörk at spyrja spá (352) are used like Germ. ‘to go to the Blocksberg;’ Finn-vitka, að, to ‘Finn-witch,’ i. e. bewitch like a Finn, Fb. ii. 78; Finn-bólur, f. pl. or Finnar, m. pl., medic. ‘Finn-pox,’ pustules in the face, Fél. ix. 209; Finn-brækr, f. pl. ‘Finn-breeks,’ wizard-breeks, concerning which see Maurer’s Volkssagen. -
39 fjall-ganga
u, f. going into the fell-pastures to gather sheep, Jb. 284, Vápn. 22. fjallgöngu-maðr, m. men searching the fells for sheep. -
40 for-ganga
1.gékk, [Germ. vergeben], to perish, Ann. 1368, 1412, N. T.2.u, f. [A. S. fore-gengd], a ‘going before,’ help, Hkr. ii. 122. forgöngu-kona, u, f., Mar., Stj. forgöngu-maðr, m. a guide (either man or woman), leader, Hkr. iii. 103, Th. 15.
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