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121 Whitney, Eli
[br]b. 8 December 1765 Westborough, Massachusetts, USAd. 8 January 1825 New Haven, Connecticut, USA[br]American inventor of the cotton gin and manufacturer of firearms.[br]The son of a prosperous farmer, Eli Whitney as a teenager showed more interest in mechanics than school work. At the age of 15 he began an enterprise business manufacturing nails in his father's workshop, even having to hire help to fulfil his orders. He later determined to acquire a university education and, his father having declined to provide funds, he taught at local schools to obtain the means to attend Leicester Academy, Massachusetts, in preparation for his entry to Yale in 1789. He graduated in 1792 and then decided to study law. He accepted a position in Georgia as a tutor that would have given him time for study; this post did not materialize, but on his journey south he met General Nathanael Greene's widow and the manager of her plantations, Phineas Miller (1764–1803). A feature of agriculture in the southern states was that the land was unsuitable for long-staple cotton but could yield large crops of green-seed cotton. Green-seed cotton was difficult to separate from its seed, and when Whitney learned of the problem in 1793 he quickly devised a machine known as the cotton gin, which provided an effective solution. He formed a partnership with Miller to manufacture the gin and in 1794 obtained a patent. This invention made possible the extraordinary growth of the cotton industry in the United States, but the patent was widely infringed and it was not until 1807, after amendment of the patent laws, that Whitney was able to obtain a favourable decision in the courts and some financial return.In 1798 Whitney was in financial difficulties following the failure of the initial legal action against infringement of the cotton gin patent, but in that year he obtained a government contract to supply 10,000 muskets within two years with generous advance payments. He built a factory at New Haven, Connecticut, and proposed to use a new method of manufacture, perhaps the first application of the system of interchangeable parts. He failed to supply the firearms in the specified time, and in fact the first 500 guns were not delivered until 1801 and the full contract was not completed until 1809.In 1812 Whitney made application for a renewal of his cotton gin patent, but this was refused. In the same year, however, he obtained a second contract from the Government for 15,000 firearms and a similar one from New York State which ensured the success of his business.[br]Further ReadingJ.Mirsky and A.Nevins, 1952, The World of Eli Whitney, New York (a good biography). P.J.Federico, 1960, "Records of Eli Whitney's cotton gin patent", Technology and Culture 1: 168–76 (for details of the cotton gin patent).R.S.Woodbury, 1960, The legend of Eli Whitney and interchangeable parts', Technology and Culture 1:235–53 (challenges the traditional view of Eli Whitney as the sole originator of the "American" system of manufacture).See also Technology and Culture 14(1973):592–8; 18(1977):146–8; 19(1978):609–11.RTS -
122 Ginning
The object of ginning is to remove the seed from the cotton with as little damage to the fibres as possible. The fibres cling to the seed very tenaciously and their removal is necessarily rough and violent, causing much broken and damaged fibre. Two kinds of gins are used, known as the "saw gin" and the "roller gin." The saw gin is best suited for short-staple cotton, while the roller gin is used for both short and long staples. Eli Whitney invented the saw gin in 1792 and the invention was a principal factor in the growth of the American cotton industry. Prior to its introduction no one could remove the fibre from seed at a greater speed than 6-lb. or 7-lb. per week - A modern power gin can handle over 5,000-lb. of seed cotton per day. The roller or Macarthy gin is not so rough with the cotton as the saw gin; it is more efficient but not so productive. -
123 волокноотделитель
1) Textile: cotton gin, gin, ginning machine, seed cleaner, cotton ginning machine (для обработки хлопка-волокна)2) Makarov: gin plant, gin stand, knife-roller gin, roller gin -
124 маган
тех. cotton-gin, wolf* * *мага̀н,м., -и, (два) мага̀на техн. cotton-gin, wolf.* * *тех. cotton-gin, wolf -
125 хлопкоочистительный завод
1) General subject: cotton gin plant2) Engineering: ginnery3) Textile: cotton gin building, ginning factory, ginning plantУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > хлопкоочистительный завод
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126 pamuk
1. cotton. 2. cotton plant. - atmak to fluff cotton with a bow and mallet. - balı white honey. - barutu guncotton. - bezi cotton cloth. - elyafı raw cotton, unginned cotton. - gibi 1. soft as cotton, cottony. 2. pale-complexioned. - ipliği cotton thread. - ipliğiyle bağlamak /ı/ to solve (something) in a very makeshift way. - kozası cotton boll. - tarağı cotton gin. - tarlası cotton field. -
127 pamba
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] pamba[Swahili Plural] pamba[English Word] cotton[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Farsi[Swahili Example] kitambaa cha pamba[English Example] cotton cloth------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kitambaa cha pamba[Swahili Plural] vitambaa vya pamba[English Word] cotton cloth[English Plural] cotton cloths[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] kitambaa------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kinu cha kuchambulia pamba[Swahili Plural] vinu vya kuchambulia pamba[English Word] cotton gin[English Plural] cotton gins[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] cover[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] spread[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] pamba[Swahili Plural] pamba[English Word] large number[English Plural] large numbers[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] pamba[Swahili Plural] pamba[English Word] large quantity[English Plural] large quantities[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] pamba[Swahili Plural] pamba[English Word] multitude[English Plural] multitudes[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] pamba[Swahili Plural] pamba[English Word] cotton wool[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Farsi------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] pamba[Swahili Plural] pamba[English Word] wadding[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Farsi------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] decorate[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] pambe, pambo, kipambo, mpamba, mpambe, upambo------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] ornament[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] pambe, pambo, kipambo, mpamba, mpambe, upambo------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] adorn[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] pambe, pambo, kipambo, mpamba, mpambe, upambo[Swahili Example] ninachotaka sasa ni mtu wa hulka yako kuipamba nyumba yangu [Mun][English Example] what I want now is a person of your status to adorn my house------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] embellish[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] pambe, pambo, kipambo, mpamba, mpambe, upambo------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] prepare[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] pambe, pambo, kipambo, mpamba, mpambe, upambo[Swahili Example] pamba maiti[English Example] prepare a corpse for burial------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] arrange[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] pambe, pambo, kipambo, mpamba, mpambe, upambo------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba maiti[English Word] prepare a corpse for burial[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pamba[English Word] furnish (a room or house)[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] pambe, pambo, kipambo, mpamba, mpambe, upambo[Swahili Example] chumba chake kimepambwa vizuri[English Example] her room is well furnished------------------------------------------------------------ -
128 памукочистачна
машина cotton-gin* * *машина cotton-gin
См. также в других словарях:
gin|nings — «JIHN ihngz», noun (plural). the output of a cotton gin: »Cotton crop news was favorable and new ginnings large (Wall Street Journal) … Useful english dictionary
Gin — Gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ginned}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Ginning}.] 1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster] 2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cotton gin — Eli Whitney s cotton gin patent, March 14, 1794 … Wikipedia
cotton gin — noun a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers • Syn: ↑gin • Derivationally related forms: ↑gin (for: ↑gin) • Hypernyms: ↑machine * * * noun, pl ⋯ gins [cou … Useful english dictionary
Cotton — For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). Cotton Hi … Wikipedia
cotton — /kot n/, n. 1. a soft, white, downy substance consisting of the hairs or fibers attached to the seeds of plants belonging to the genus Gossypium, of the mallow family, used in making fabrics, thread, wadding, etc. 2. the plant itself, having… … Universalium
Cotton — /kot n/, n. John, 1584 1652, U.S. clergyman, colonist, and author (grandfather of Cotton Mather). * * * I Seed hair fibre of various plants of the genus Gossypium, in the mallow family, native to most subtropical countries. The shrubby plants… … Universalium
Cotton Gin Port, Mississippi — Cotton Gin Port Site U.S. National Register of Historic Places Nearest city: Amory, Mississippi … Wikipedia
Gin — Gin, n. [A contraction of engine.] [1913 Webster] 1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gin block — Gin Gin, n. [A contraction of engine.] [1913 Webster] 1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gin power — Gin Gin, n. [A contraction of engine.] [1913 Webster] 1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
