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1 THOU
(singular 2nd person pronoun, distinct from plural “you” – the Quenya forms here discussed are not archaic like English “thou”, but simply express singular “you”). Quenya makes a distinction between a formal or polite “thou” and an intimate or familiar “thou”, the latter being reserved for use between close friends, family members, and lovers (VT49:51, 52). The formal pronoun normally appears as the ending -lyë or (if shortened) -l that is added to verbs, e.g. hiruvalyë “thou shalt find ” (Nam), caril or carilyë *“thou dost” or *“you (sg.) do” (VT49:16). The short form in -l may be the more usual, though the long form -lye- must be used if a second pronominal ending denoting the object of the verb is to be added (e.g. *cenuvalyes “thou shalt see it”, with the ending -s “it” appended). The ending -lyë may also be added to prepositions (aselyë “with thee”, VT43:29). The independent pronoun is lye, with a long vowel (lyé, VT49:51) when stressed. This pronoun can also appear in object position (English “thee”), e.g. nai Eru lye mánata, by Tolkien translated “God bless you” (VT49:39). Case endings may be added, e.g. allative lyenna *“upon thee” (VT49:40, 41). There is also elyë “thou, even thou” (Nam, RGEO:67) as an emphatic pronoun (Nam); apparently this can also receive case endings. Such independent pronouns may also be used in copula-less constructions, e.g. aistana elyë "blessed [art] thou" (VT43:30). – The intimate or familiar pronoun is similar in form, only with t instead of l. The pronominal ending is thus -tyë, as in carityë “thou dost, you (sg.) do” (VT49:16). It is uncertain whether -tyë has a short form -t (the existence of a short form is explicitly denied in VT49:51, but -t is listed in VT49:48). At one conceptual stage Tolkien mentioned such an ending that could be added to imperatives (hecat “get thee gone”, WJ:364), but he may have dropped it because it clashed with -t as a dual ending on verbs. The independent pronoun is tye, with a long vowel when stressed (tyé, VT49:51); presumably there also exists an emphatic pronoun *etyë (still unattested). Like lye, the pronoun tye may also appear in object position (ar inyë, yonya, tye-méla “and I too, my son, love thee”, LR:61); we must also assume that tye (and emphatic *etyë) can receive case endings. – Genitive forms, see THY. -
2 WED
verya-; the verb is intransitive and the person wedded appears in the allative (veryanen senna *”I married him/her”, compare English “get married to”). The word verya- also means “dare”, but since this is transitive and would always be followed by a direct object, the two verbs can be distinguished. – Transitive verta- means “to give in marriage” or “to take as husband or wife” (to oneself). In an earlier source, Tolkien gave the verb “to wed” as vesta-. Noun WEDDING veryanwë (going with verya- and verta-); in an earlier source, Tolkien gave this word as vestalë. Veryanwë is also attested with pronominal suffixes: veryanwesta, genitive veryanwesto “(of) your wedding”, with a dual form of “your”; also veryanweldo with a plural “your”. –VT49:45, BES, WED -
3 CUT
(vb) rista-; venië (infinitive? stem \#ven-?) (shape), CUT (noun) rista, venwë (shape). The verb nac- is defined as “hew, cut” in late material (nacin, VT49:24), though in Etym, it was assigned the meaning “bite” instead (NAK). CUT OFF (and get rid of or lose a portion:) \#aucir-, (so as to have or or use a required portion:) \#hócir- (Tolkien cited these verbs with what seems to be the ending -i of the aorist: auciri-, hóciri-). –RIS, LT1:254, WJ:365-366, 368 -
4 OLD
yára (ancient, belonging to or descending from former times); intensive \#anyára is attested with a dative ending in the phrase meldenya anyáran *"for my oldest [or, very old] friend" in the Elaine inscription. Other words translated "old": enwina, linyenwa (having many years), (of things:) yerna (worn); OLDEN yárëa, yalúmëa, GET OLD yerya- (wear [out]) –MC:222 cf. 215, YEN, GYER
См. также в других словарях:
get with it — {v. phr.}, {slang} To pay attention; be alive or alert; get busy. * /The students get with it just before examinations./ * /The coach told the team to get with it./ Compare: ON THE BALL … Dictionary of American idioms
get with it — {v. phr.}, {slang} To pay attention; be alive or alert; get busy. * /The students get with it just before examinations./ * /The coach told the team to get with it./ Compare: ON THE BALL … Dictionary of American idioms
get with it — 1. in. to modernize one’s attitudes and behavior. □ Get with it, Martin. Get real! □ You really have to get with it, Ernie. 2. in. to hurry up and get busy; to be more industrious with something. □ Get with it; we’ve got a lot to do … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
get with it — 1. v. hurry up; get a move on; get started. Get with it already, we ve got to go. 2. v. make one s ideas and actions current. Come on, get with it. You re so behind the times … English slang
get\ with\ it — v. phr. slang To pay attention; be alive or alert; get busy. The students get with it just before examinations. The coach told the team to get with it. Compare: on the ball … Словарь американских идиом
get with it — pay attention, get busy I told him to get with it or he would get in trouble with the boss … Idioms and examples
get with it — I vp Hurry up. If you don t get with it, we will never finish this work. 1960s II vp To come to understand, become aware of what is what. If Sofia doesn t get with it, she will never be popular. 1980s … Historical dictionary of American slang
get with it — become aware, learn how, in the know Leni, a friend at work, told me to get with it or I d lose my job … English idioms
ˈget with — phrasal verb spoken get with it to pay attention to what is happening and start doing what you should be doing … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
get with — phrasal : to pay attention to : become busy about there were signs and sounds that television was about to get with it Newsweek … Useful english dictionary
get with the programme — get with the ˈprogramme idiom (BrE) (NAmE get with the ˈprogram) (informal) (usually in orders) used to tell sb that they should change their attitude and do w … Useful english dictionary
