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1 Gatling Gun
Military: GAT -
2 Gatling, Dr Richard Jordan
[br]b. 12 September 1818 Winston, North Carolina, USAd. 26 February 1903 New York, USA[br]American weapons designer and metallurgist.[br]Gatling first became interested in inventing when helping his father develop more-efficient agricultural machines, and as early as 1839 he developed a screw propeller for ships. Shortly after this he was struck down by smallpox, and it was this that caused him, when he recovered, to study medicine; he did this at the Ohio Medical College, graduating in 1850. The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 triggered an immediate interest in weaponry and he set about designing a rapid-fire weapon, which would both bear his name and be one of the forerunners of the machine gun: he completed his design of the Gatling Gun in 1862. His concept of using several barrels was not unique, with other inventors such as the Belgian Fafschamps and the Frenchman Reffye also employing it. However, Catling's gun was superior to the others in the soundness of its engineering. The rounds were fed through a hopper on top of the gun into the chambers of each barrel, and the barrels themselves were fixed in a cluster. An endless screw operated by a hand crank controlled the operation, opening the breech of each barrel in turn, enabling the round to drop into the chamber through a series of grooves, and then closing the breech and releasing the striker. In the face of fierce competition, the Gatling was adopted by the US Army in 1866, and many other armies followed suit. Although a version powered by an electric motor was introduced in 1893, the Gatling was gradually superseded by the fully automatic machine gun, first developed by Maxim. Even so, such was the excellence of the Gatling's mechanics that the concept was readopted by the Americans in the late 1950s and employed in such systems as the Vulcan air-defence gun and the airborne Minigun. Gatling's inventions did not end with his gun. In 1886 he developed a new steel and aluminium alloy and also experimented with the production of cast-steel cannon.CMBiographical history of technology > Gatling, Dr Richard Jordan
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3 Gatling-type gun system
Military: GTGSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Gatling-type gun system
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4 многоцилиндровая машина
1) Engineering: multivat machine (бумагоделательная)2) Polygraphy: gatling gun3) Makarov: gatling gun (напр. для отливки красочных валиков)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > многоцилиндровая машина
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5 mitralyöz
n. machine gun, mitrailleuse, Gatling* * *gatling gun -
6 Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens
[br]b. 5 February 1840 Brockway's Mills, Maine, USAd. 24 November 1916 Streatham, London, England[br]American (naturalized British) inventor; designer of the first fully automatic machine gun and of an experimental steam-powered aircraft.[br]Maxim was born the son of a pioneer farmer who later became a wood turner. Young Maxim was first apprenticed to a carriage maker and then embarked on a succession of jobs before joining his uncle in his engineering firm in Massachusetts in 1864. As a young man he gained a reputation as a boxer, but it was his uncle who first identified and encouraged Hiram's latent talent for invention.It was not, however, until 1878, when Maxim joined the first electric-light company to be established in the USA, as its Chief Engineer, that he began to make a name for himself. He developed an improved light filament and his electric pressure regulator not only won a prize at the first International Electrical Exhibition, held in Paris in 1881, but also resulted in his being made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. While in Europe he was advised that weapons development was a more lucrative field than electricity; consequently, he moved to England and established a small laboratory at Hatton Garden, London. He began by investigating improvements to the Gatling gun in order to produce a weapon with a faster rate of fire and which was more accurate. In 1883, by adapting a Winchester carbine, he successfully produced a semi-automatic weapon, which used the recoil to cock the gun automatically after firing. The following year he took this concept a stage further and produced a fully automatic belt-fed weapon. The recoil drove barrel and breechblock to the vent. The barrel then halted, while the breechblock, now unlocked from the former, continued rearwards, extracting the spent case and recocking the firing mechanism. The return spring, which it had been compressing, then drove the breechblock forward again, chambering the next round, which had been fed from the belt, as it did so. Keeping the trigger pressed enabled the gun to continue firing until the belt was expended. The Maxim gun, as it became known, was adopted by almost every army within the decade, and was to remain in service for nearly fifty years. Maxim himself joined forces with the large British armaments firm of Vickers, and the Vickers machine gun, which served the British Army during two world wars, was merely a refined version of the Maxim gun.Maxim's interests continued to occupy several fields of technology, including flight. In 1891 he took out a patent for a steam-powered aeroplane fitted with a pendulous gyroscopic stabilizer which would maintain the pitch of the aeroplane at any desired inclination (basically, a simple autopilot). Maxim decided to test the relationship between power, thrust and lift before moving on to stability and control. He designed a lightweight steam-engine which developed 180 hp (135 kW) and drove a propeller measuring 17 ft 10 in. (5.44 m) in diameter. He fitted two of these engines into his huge flying machine testrig, which needed a wing span of 104 ft (31.7 m) to generate enough lift to overcome a total weight of 4 tons. The machine was not designed for free flight, but ran on one set of rails with a second set to prevent it rising more than about 2 ft (61 cm). At Baldwyn's Park in Kent on 31 July 1894 the huge machine, carrying Maxim and his crew, reached a speed of 42 mph (67.6 km/h) and lifted off its rails. Unfortunately, one of the restraining axles broke and the machine was extensively damaged. Although it was subsequently repaired and further trials carried out, these experiments were very expensive. Maxim eventually abandoned the flying machine and did not develop his idea for a stabilizer, turning instead to other projects. At the age of almost 70 he returned to the problems of flight and designed a biplane with a petrol engine: it was built in 1910 but never left the ground.In all, Maxim registered 122 US and 149 British patents on objects ranging from mousetraps to automatic spindles. Included among them was a 1901 patent for a foot-operated suction cleaner. In 1900 he became a British subject and he was knighted the following year. He remained a larger-than-life figure, both physically and in character, until the end of his life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'Honneur 1881. Knighted 1901.Bibliography1908, Natural and Artificial Flight, London. 1915, My Life, London: Methuen (autobiography).Further ReadingObituary, 1916, Engineer (1 December).Obituary, 1916, Engineering (1 December).P.F.Mottelay, 1920, The Life and Work of Sir Hiram Maxim, London and New York: John Lane.Dictionary of National Biography, 1912–1921, 1927, Oxford: Oxford University Press.See also: Pilcher, Percy SinclairCM / JDSBiographical history of technology > Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens
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7 20-мм ЗАК (зенитный артиллерийский комплекс) Mk. 15 Вулкан-Фаланкс системы Гатлинга
Military: Mk. 15 Vulcan/Phalanx 20mm Gatling gunУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > 20-мм ЗАК (зенитный артиллерийский комплекс) Mk. 15 Вулкан-Фаланкс системы Гатлинга
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8 20-мм ЗАК Mk. 15 Вулкан-Фаланкс системы Гатлинга
Military: (зенитный артиллерийский комплекс) Mk. 15 Vulcan/Phalanx 20mm Gatling gunУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > 20-мм ЗАК Mk. 15 Вулкан-Фаланкс системы Гатлинга
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9 пулемёт
1) General subject: chatterbox, coffee grinder, emma gee, gun, machine gun, subsection3) Military: Maggie, auto-machine gun, bullet pump, coffee-grinder, directing gun, gun group (без станка), machine-gun, machine-gun (станковый), scattergun, scattershot, stutterer, M.G. (Machine Gun)4) Engineering: recoil-operated gun5) Jargon: Remington, boom stick, grease-gun, scatter-gun, typewriter, bang-bang, bow-wow, bowwow, ta-ta6) Arms production: bullet squirter, death organ, devil's piano, grind-organ, lawn mower, machinegun, rattler, runaway gun, spray gun -
10 револьвер
1) General subject: chiller diller, gun, heat, heater, peacemaker, pepper caster, pepper castor, pistol, popper, revolver, rod, wheel gun3) Slang: barking iron5) Military: handgun, revolver gun6) Jargon: Bolivar, buffer, cannister, cannon, equalizer, fire stick, hog-Iegg hog's leg, pepper-caster, pepper-castor, smoke wagon, artillery, bulldozer, hush-hush, kicker, pencil, piece, pop, poper, wagon7) Oil: revolving nosepiece8) Immunology: nosepiece (микроскопа)9) Fishery: revolving nosepiece (микроскопа)10) New Zealand: squirt11) Arms production: one-handed weapon, revolving pistol, side arm, side arms, wheelgun12) Taboo: sheet( подражание произношению негров из южных штатов), shit, tomtit -
11 картечница Гатлинга
Arms production: Gatling machine gunУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > картечница Гатлинга
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12 пушечная установка типа Гатлинг
Military: Gatling-type gun systemУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > пушечная установка типа Гатлинг
См. также в других словарях:
Gatling gun — Gun Gun (g[u^]n), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael., & LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.] 1. A weapon which… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gatling gun — Gun Gun (g[u^]n), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael., & LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.] 1. A weapon which… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gatling gun — 1870, named for designer Dr. Richard Jordan Gatling (1818 1903); patented by 1862 but not used in American Civil War until the Petersburg campaign of June 1864 as an independent initiative by U.S. Gen. Ben Butler. For the first time in this war,… … Etymology dictionary
Gatling gun — Gat ling gun [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.] An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired. [1913 Webster] Note: The improved Gatling gun can be fired at the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gatling gun — ☆ Gatling gun [gat′liŋ ] n. [after R. J. Gatling (1818 1903), U.S. inventor] an early kind of machine gun having a cluster of barrels designed to be successively discharged automatically when rotated about an axis … English World dictionary
Gatling gun — The Gatling gun is considered by some to have been the first machine gun: although it did not automatically reload under its own power, it was capable of firing continuously. Each barrel fires a single shot as it reaches a certain point in the… … Wikipedia
Gatling Gun — Eine 10 läufige Gatling Gun Die Gatling Gun war die erste erfolgreiche schnell feuernde Schusswaffe. Sie ist ein Vorläufer des automatischen Maschinengewehrs. Das Nachladen wird mit Muskelkraft, mittels der Rotation des um eine Drehachse… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Gatling gun — /gat ling/ an early type of machine gun consisting of a revolving cluster of barrels around a central axis, each barrel being automatically loaded and fired every revolution of the cluster. [1860 65, Amer.; named after R. J. Gatling (1818 1903),… … Universalium
Gatling gun — /ˈgætlɪŋ gʌn/ (say gatling gun) noun an early type of machine gun consisting of a revolving cluster of barrels round a central axis, each barrel being automatically loaded and fired during every revolution of the cluster. {named after RJ Gatling …
Gatling gun — Gat′ling gun [[t]ˈgæt lɪŋ[/t]] n. mil an early type of machine gun consisting of a cluster of barrels around an axis that is rotated by a hand crank, with each barrel fired once during each rotation • Etymology: 1860–65, amer.; after R. J.… … From formal English to slang
Gatling gun — noun Etymology: Richard J. Gatling died 1903 American inventor Date: 1867 a machine gun with a revolving cluster of barrels fired once each per revolution … New Collegiate Dictionary