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1 ausscheiden
(unreg., trennb., -ge-)I v/t (hat ausgeschieden)II v/i (ist)1. aus einem Amt: retire from; aus einer Firma, Regierung etc.: leave; aus seinem Amt ausscheiden POL. withdraw from office; als Mitarbeiter ausscheiden leave (the employ of) the company; als Kabinettsminister ausscheiden leave one’s post as cabinet minister ( oder one’s cabinet post); nach seinem Ausscheiden aus der Firma / dem Amt after leaving the company / withdrawing from office3. (nicht infrage kommen) have to be ruled out; Person: not be eligible; sie scheidet von vornherein aus auch she can’t be considered, she’s out of the running already* * *das Ausscheidenretirement* * *aus|schei|den sep1. vt(= aussondern) to take out; esp Menschen to remove; (PHYSIOL) to excrete2. vi aux sein1) (aus einem Amt) to retire (aus from); (aus Club, Firma) to leave (aus etw sth); (SPORT) to be eliminated; (in Wettkampf) to drop out2) (=nicht in Betracht kommen Plan, Möglichkeit etc) to be ruled outdas/er scheidet aus — that/he has to be ruled out
* * *1) eliminate2) (to discharge (waste matter) from the body.) excrete* * *Aus·schei·den<->\Ausscheiden eines Gesellschafters withdrawal of a partnerfreiwilliges \Ausscheiden voluntary redundancyturnusmäßiges \Ausscheiden retirement by rotation* * *1.unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1)3) (nicht in Betracht kommen)2.diese Möglichkeit/dieser Kandidat scheidet aus — this possibility/candidate has to be ruled out
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb (Physiol.) excrete < waste>; eliminate, expel < poison>; exude < sweat>; (Chem.) precipitate* * *ausscheiden (irr, trennb, -ge-)A. v/t (hat ausgeschieden)3. (aussortieren) sort out (aus from), rejectB. v/i (ist)aus seinem Amt ausscheiden POL withdraw from office;als Mitarbeiter ausscheiden leave (the employ of) the company;nach seinem Ausscheiden aus der Firma/dem Amt after leaving the company/withdrawing from office2. SPORT be eliminated (aus from), drop out (of), retire (from)sie scheidet von vornherein aus auch she can’t be considered, she’s out of the running already* * *1.unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1)2) (Sport) be eliminated; (aufgeben) retire2.diese Möglichkeit/dieser Kandidat scheidet aus — this possibility/candidate has to be ruled out
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb (Physiol.) excrete < waste>; eliminate, expel < poison>; exude < sweat>; (Chem.) precipitate* * *(Sport) v.to be eliminated (sports) expr. v.to discard v.to eliminate v.to weed v.to withdraw v.(§ p.,p.p.: withdrew, withdrawn) -
2 фаза
( колебаний) electric(al) angle, phase angle, angle, ( многофазной цепи) branch эл., leg, phase, stage* * *фа́за ж.1. (в теории колебаний и волн, термодинамике, электротехнике) phaseв фа́зе — in phaseне в фа́зе — out of phaseобеспе́чивать опереже́ние по фа́зе — advance a phaseосажда́ть какую-л. фа́зу — precipitate a phase, cause a phase to precipitateотлича́ться [различа́ться] по фа́зе — differ [be different] in phaseотстаю́щий по фа́зе — lagging [retarding] in phaseпротивополо́жный по фа́зе — opposite in phase, out of phase by p, in anti-phaseсдви́нутый по фа́зе — out of phase; displaced in phaseсовпада́ющий по фа́зе — in phase2. (стадия, этап) phase, stageустана́вливать фа́зу вчт. — set a phase, set the (so-and-so) phase conditionбеспоря́дочная фа́за — random phaseво́дная фа́за — aqueous phaseвременна́я фа́за — time phaseга́зовая фа́за — gas(eous) phaseгазообра́зная фа́за — gas(eous) phaseграни́чная фа́за — boundary phaseдиспе́рсная фа́за — disperse(d) [discontinuous] phaseдифференциа́льная фа́за тлв. — differential phaseжи́дкая фа́за — liquid phaseфа́за за́паха, втора́я — middle noteфа́за за́паха, пе́рвая — first note, topnoteфа́за за́паха, тре́тья — basic [lingering, residual] noteисполни́тельная фа́за ( программы или команды) вчт. — execute phaseиспра́вная фа́за эл. — sound [healthy] phaseконденси́рованная фа́за — condensed phaseфа́за кристаллиза́ции — crystallization phaseкристалли́ческая фа́за — crystal (line) phaseфа́за Луны́ — phase of the Moon, lunar phaseмё́ртвая фа́за хим. — dead [weak] phaseметастаби́льная фа́за — metastable phaseнача́льная фа́за ( периодического колебания) — epoch (angle), initial phaseнеиспра́вная фа́за эл. — faulty [faulted] phaseнейтра́льная фа́за — neutral phaseнепреры́вная фа́за ( в дисперсионных средах) — continuous phaseнорма́льная фа́за ( несверхпроводящая) — normal phaseобра́тная фа́за — reversed phaseодноро́дная фа́за — continuous phaseосновна́я фа́за — master phaseотрица́тельная фа́за — minus phaseпарова́я фа́за — vapour phaseпарообра́зная фа́за — vapour phaseперехо́дная фа́за — transition phaseфа́за поко́я — dwell phaseположи́тельная фа́за — plus phaseпроизво́льная фа́за — arbitrary phaseпромежу́точная фа́за — intermediate phaseпротивополо́жная фа́за — opposite [reversed] phase, antiphaseрабо́чая фа́за ( стартстопного телеграфного аппарата) — rangeфа́за рассе́яния — scattering phaseфа́за раствори́теля — solvent phaseрасще́пленная фа́за — split phaseсверхпроводя́щая фа́за — superconducting phaseси́гма-фа́за метал. — sigma phaseсопряжё́нная фа́за — conjugate phaseстациона́рная фа́за — stationary phaseстеклови́дная фа́за — vitreous phaseтвё́рдая фа́за — solid phase -
3 усилия не требуется
Усилия не требуется-- To operate a correctly installed antenna force is not required. Ускорять - to accelerate, to precipitate, to speed up, to hasten; to gear up (внедрение и т.п.); to expedite (расчёт и т.п.)Adjustment of various external parameters to unreasonable values will precipitate bearing wipes.It explains how the flame can be greatly speeded up or slowed down aerodynamically by appropriate location of the fuel relative to the air.Again this is a conservative assumption made to expedite and generalize analysis.British Gas are gearing up to carry out regular inspections. (Фирма в настоящее время ускоряет внедрение регулярных осмотров)Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > усилия не требуется
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4 раствор
1. м. solution2. м. opening, spreadраствор валков — roll clearance; roll spread
строительный раствор схватывается … — the mortar sets
штукатурный раствор — plaster; stucco
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5 выделять
1. ooze2. select3. precipitate out (refl.); evolve[lang name="Russian"]выделял; вытесненный — driven out
4. evolve; precipitate out (refl.)[lang name="Russian"]выделять, издавать, испускать — give out
5. egest6. excrete; secrete -
6 война
war(воюване) warfareизбухване на война outbreak of warсъстояние на война a state of warпървата световна война the First World Warам. World War Iвтората световна война the Second World Warам. World War IIспомени от войната war reminiscencesгражданска война a civil warистинска (не студена) война a shooting/hot warмеждуособна война an internecine warосвободителна война a war of liberationотечествена война a Patriotic Warпартизанска война partisan/guerrilla warfareподвижна/маневрена война a war of movement, mobile warfareвойна на живот и смърт a war to the knifeвойна на изтощение a war of attritionвойна по море a naval war, a sea warвойна на нерви a war of nervesобявявам-на declare war on* * *война̀,ж., -ѝ war; ( воюване) warfare; водя \войнаа make/wage war (с on, against); \войнаа на живот и смърт war to the knife; \войнаа на изтощение war of attrition; \войнаа на нерви war of nerves; \войнаа по море naval war, sea war; във \войнаа съм be at war (с with); въздушна \войнаа air/aerial warfare; гражданска \войнаа civil war; започвам \войнаа go to war, take the field; избухване на \войнаа outbreak of war; истинска (не студена) \войнаа shooting/hot war; междуособна \войнаа internecine war; обявявам \войнаа на declare war on; окопна \войнаа trench warfare; освободителна \войнаа war of liberation; отечествена \войнаа Patriotic War; партизанска \войнаа partisan/guerrilla warfare; подвижна/маневрена \войнаа war of movement, mobile warfare; позиционна \войнаа stationary warfare; пренасям \войнаата на противникова територия carry the war into the enemy’s country/camp; Първата световна \войнаа истор. the First World War; амер. World War I; спомени от \войнаата war reminiscences; състояние на \войнаа state of war; студена \войнаа cold war; хвърлям страна във \войнаа precipitate a country into a war; химическа \войнаа chemical warfare.* * *belligerence: a state of война - състояние на война; warfare* * *1. (воюване) warfare 2. war 3. ВОЙНА на живот и смърт а war to the knife 4. ВОЙНА на изтощение а war of attrition 5. ВОЙНА на нерви a war of nerves 6. ВОЙНА по море a naval war, a sea war 7. ам. World War I 8. ам. World War II 9. водя ВОЙНА make/wage war (c on, against) 10. втората световна ВОЙНА the Second World War 11. във ВОЙНА съм be at war (c with) 12. въздушна ВОЙНА air/aerial warfare 13. гражданска ВОЙНА a civil war 14. избухване на ВОЙНА outbreak of war 15. истинска (не студена) ВОЙНА а shooting/hot war 16. междуособна ВОЙНА an internecine war 17. обявявам - на declare war on 18. окопна ВОЙНА trench warfare 19. освободителна ВОЙНА a war of liberation 20. отечествена ВОЙНА a Patriotic War 21. партизанска ВОЙНАpartisan/guerrilla warfare 22. подвижна/ маневрена ВОЙНА a war of movement, mobile warfare 23. почвам ВОЙНА go to war, take the field 24. пренасям ВОЙНАта на противникова територия carry the war into the enemy's country/camp 25. първата световна ВОЙНА the First World War 26. сирак от ВОЙНАта a war orphan 27. спомени от ВОЙНАта war reminiscences 28. студена ВОЙНА a cold war 29. състояние на ВОЙНА a state of war 30. химическа ВОЙНА chemical/gas warfare -
7 образовываться
•Neutrons are generated by the reaction between...
•A potential difference is set up at the membrane.
•When hydrogen sulphate is passed into cold concentrated nitric acid, considerable heat is developed.
•A laminar layer builds up (or is built up, or forms) near the leading edge.
•If a defect should develop in the cladding,...
•Too hard a wheel develops a smooth, glazed surface that will not cut.
•The West Antarctica ice mass originated as two separate icecaps.
•As a result, a black precipitate of silver nitride is produced.
•A fog may appear in the gas if condensation nuclei are present.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > образовываться
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8 загрязнение
1) General subject: defilement, impurities, impurity, infection, maculation, pollution, soiling, contamination2) Geology: accumulation of mud5) Military: contamination, pollution (окружающей среды)6) Engineering: clogging, contaminant, contaminant pollution, contaminating impurity, dirt, poisoning, pollutant, polluting, scumming, sewage pollution7) Chemistry: contaminating, mudding8) Construction: (токсикологическое или радиоактивное) contamination, dirt accumulation, dirtying, (нетоксичное) pollution9) Economy: contamination (окружающей среды)10) Automobile industry: deterioration (смеси)11) Mining: becoming soiled12) Forestry: stain13) Metallurgy: mud accumulation, pollution (напр. металла)14) Polygraphy: blotting (помарками, пятнами), contamination (напр. стереотипного сплава), marking (оттиска), smutting (оттиска), soil, soiling (формы, оттиска)15) Oil: inclusion16) Silicates: clog17) Coolers: contamination (напр. рассола)18) Ecology: foulness, man-made pollution19) Drilling: mist20) Microelectronics: foreign material, foreign matter22) Automation: loading (стружкой)23) Quality control: fouling-up24) Cables: contaminant (примесь)25) Makarov: contamination( of precipitate) (осадка), foul26) Security: contamination (приводящее к снижению её защищённости)27) Electrochemistry: grease28) Aluminium industry: flux contamination -
9 отложение
1) General subject: blanket, deposit, deposition, lodgment (чего-л.)2) Geology: azufrado, drift, drifted material, formation, lamination, sediment3) Naval: settling4) Medicine: accretion, concretion5) Engineering: depositing, stratum6) Mathematics: plotting7) Law: adjournal, adjournment, respite, secession, suspension, temporary suspension, postponement8) Mining: accretion (смытой породы)10) Immunology: precipitation11) Oilfield: sedimentation12) leg.N.P. continuance13) Makarov: accretion (на зубах), deposition (напр. хим. в-ва в каком-л. органе), deposition (напр., хим. в-ва в каком-л. органе), lodgement (чего-л.), precipitate deposit, scaling, transport, washover (при заплеске)14) oil&gas: buildup -
10 включение
activation, actuation, ( тиристора) breakover, close-in, connection, ( волновода) cutover, enable, ( инородное тело) enclosure, entrapping, ( двигательной установки) impulse космонавт., inclusion, incorporation, initiation, insertion, intercalation, joining-up, nest горн., nodule, embedded particle, pocket, spot, start, starting, triggering, turn-on, starting work* * *включе́ние с.1. ( подача питания) switch(ing) (on), turn(ing) on2. ( реле) energising3. (контактора, пускателя, рубильника и т. п.) closing4. ( соединение) connection5. ( постороннее тело) inclusionвключе́ние в гнездо́ за́нятой ли́нии тлф. — overpluggingвключе́ние в мно́жестве мат. — inclusion in a setга́зовое включе́ние — occluded [entrapped] gasга́лечное включе́ние — boulder-like inclusionдендритообра́зное включе́ние ( в металле) — fern-shaped precipitateдистанцио́нное включе́ние — remote switchingдифференциа́льное включе́ние — differential connectionвключе́ние для сквозно́го транзи́тного разгово́ра тлф. — through-line [through-traffic] connectionкаска́дное включе́ние — cascade connection, cascadingквадра́нтное включе́ние ( соединения) — asymmetrical heterostatic circuitвключе́ние на возвра́т — circuit-opening connectionвключе́ние на сраба́тывание — circuit-closing connectionнеметалли́ческое включе́ние — non-metallic inclusionнепо́лное включе́ние ( колебательного контура) — tapping(-down)образу́ющее золу́ включе́ние горн. — ash-forming impurityпаралле́льное включе́ние — parallel connectionпове́рхностные включе́ния — skin inclusionsповто́рное включе́ние — reclosingпосле́довательное включе́ние — series connectionпро́бное включе́ние — trial closing (operation)включе́ния проду́ктов раскисле́ния — deoxidation-type inclusionsпрямо́е включе́ние тлф. — straight multipleручно́е включе́ние — closing by hand, manual closingсдви́нутое многокра́тное включе́ние тлф. — slip multipleсогла́сное включе́ние — aiding connectionступе́нчатое включе́ние тлф. — gradingступе́нчатое, асимметри́чное включе́ние тлф. — unsymmetrical gradingвключе́ние сцепле́ния — clutch engagementтвё́рдое включе́ние ( в отливке) — hard spotшла́ковое включе́ние — slag inclusionште́керное включе́ние — plug-in connectionэкзоге́нное включе́ние — exogenous inclusion* * * -
11 война войн·а
war; (приёмы ведения войны) warfareввергнуть страну в войну — to plunge / to precipitate a country into war
вести войну — to wage / to fight / to make war (against)
вовлечь страну в войну — to involve a country / a nation in war
возвести войну в ранг официальной политики, узаконить войну — to institutionalize war
вступить в войну — to enter / to come into a war
втянуть страну в войну — to drag a country into war, to entangle a country in war
залечить (тяжёлые) раны, нанесённые войной — to heal the (deep) wounds of war
исключить войну из жизни общества / человечества — to ban / to exclude war from the life of human society / of mankind
наживаться на войне — to make profits from war, to make money out of war
начать войну — to launch / to start a war, to open hostilities
объявить войну какой-л. стране — to declare war on / upon a country
потерпеть поражение в войне, проиграть войну — to lose the war
предотвратить войну — to avert / to prevent / to preclude / to head off / to stave off war
прекратить войну — to cease / to end / to stop a war; to bring the war to an end
развязать войну — to unleash / to trigger off a war
разжигать войну — to fan / to foment / to stir up / to incite war
угрожать войной — to menace / to threaten war; to carry the threat of war
вспыхнула / разразилась война — a war broke out
агрессивная война — aggressive / invasive war, war of aggression
бактериологическая война — bacteriological / germ warfare
Великая Отечественная война — (1941-1945 гг., СССР) ист. the Great Patriotic War
воздушная война, война в воздухе — air war
всеобщая война — general / universal / all-out war
горячая война (в отличие от холодной) — hot / shooting war
грабительская война — predatory / plunderous war
длительная война — long / protracted war
дорогостоящая война — costly / expensive war
жестокая война — brutal / cruel / fierce / ferocious / ruthless war
затяжная война — prolonged / protracted sustained war
захватническая война — aggressive / annexation / annexionist / invasive war; war of conquest
"звёздные войны" ист. — "star wars"
истребительная война — war of extermination / annihilation
кровопролитная война — bloody / murderous war
маневренная война — war of movement, manoeuvre warfare
междоусобная война — internal / internecine war
первая мировая война — World War I, the First World War
вторая мировая война — World War II, the Second World War
морская война, война на море — maritime / sea war; war at sea; naval warfare
наступательная война — offensive war, war of offensive
национально-освободительная война — national-liberation war, war of national liberation
неизбежная война — inevitable / imminent war
необъявленная война — undeclared war / warfare
неограниченная война — uncontained / uncontrolled / unrestricted war
неядерная / обычная война — conventional war / warfare, nonnuclear war
оборонительная война — defensive war, war of defence
ограниченная война — limited / restricted war
опустошительная война — desolating / devastating war
освободительная война — war of liberation, liberation war
партизанская война — guerrilla war / warfare
подводная война — submarine / U-boat warfare
позиционная война — trench war / warfare, positional war, war of position
/ радиотехническая война — radio warfareразрушительная война — destructive war, holocaust
стратегическая война — strategic war / warfare
тайная война — secret / covert war
таможенная / тарифная война — tariff war
тотальная война — total / all-out war
химическая война — chemical / gas warfare
средства ведения химической войны — chemical warfare agents, CWAs
экологическая война — ecological / environmental warfare
ядерная война, война с применением ядерного оружия — nuclear war / warfare
отказаться от ядерной войны в любой её разновидности — to renounce nuclear war in any of its variations
уменьшать опасность возникновения ядерной войны — to decrease / to reduce the danger / the risk of the outbreak of nuclear war
Война за независимость — (1775-1783, США) ист. War of Independence / Revolutionary War
война с применением оружия массового уничтожения АВС — warfare, atomic, bacteriological and chemical warfare
"война цен" — price war / warfare
варварские методы / средства ведения войны — barbarious warfare
на грани войны — on the brink / verge of war
обычаи войны — war usages; customs of war
опасность (возникновения) войны — war danger, danger / risk of war
оппозиция войне, отрицательное отношение к войне — opposition / resistence to war
очаг войны — hotbed / seat of war
ликвидировать очаги войны — to eliminate / to extinguish the hotbeds / seats of war
правила ведения войны — rules / law of warfare
состояние войны — state of war; belligerence, belligerency
находиться в состоянии войны — to be in a state of war (with), to be at war (with)
государства / державы, находящиеся в состоянии войны — belligerent states / powers
объявить состояние войны — to declare / to proclaim a state of war
средства ведения войны — agents of warfare, weapons / means of war / warfare
угроза войны — menace / threat of war
урон / ущерб, нанесённый войной — war damage
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12 включение
1. с. switch, turn onвремя включения; время переключения — turnon time
2. с. energising3. с. closing4. с. connection5. с. inclusionСинонимический ряд:введение (сущ.) введение; подключение; подсоединениеАнтонимический ряд: -
13 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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