gallica

carpentum, i, n., a two-wheeled, covered carriage, coach, or chariot, esp. used in town and by women, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 23; Ov. F. 1, 619; Liv. 5, 25, 9; 1, 48, 6; 34, 3, 9; Tac. A. 12, 42; Juv. 8, 147 al.; cf. Becker, Gallus, 3, p. 10;

Dict. of Antiq.: funebre or pompaticum,

Suet. Calig. 15; id. Claud. 11; Isid. Orig. 20, 12, 3:

Gallica,

Liv. 31, 21, 17; cf. Flor. 1, 18, 27:

Cimbrorum,

id. 3, 3, 16:

Britannorum,

id. 3, 10, 17.—

A wagon or cart for agricultural use (post-Aug.):

stercoris,

a dung-cart, Pall. Sept. 1, 2.

Cimbri, ōrum, m., = Kimbroi [Cimbri linguā Gallicā latrones dicuntur, Fest. p. 43, 7], a people of Northern Germany (in Holstein, Silesia, and Jutland);

on their irruption into Italy conquered by Marius,

Mel. 3, 3 fin.; Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 167; 4, 13, 27, § 94 sq.; Tac. G. 37; Caes. B. G. 1, 33; 1, 40; 2, 4; Liv. Epit. lib. 63-68; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Flor. 3, 31 sq.; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65; id. Off. 1, 12, 38.—In sing.: Cimber, bri, m., a Cimbrian, Val. Max. 2, 10, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 29; and adj., Cimbrian:

triumphus,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 45.—Cimber, also, a cognomen of L. Tillius, one of the murderers of Cœsar, Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 3.—Hence,

Cimbrĭcus, a, um, adj., Cimbrian:

scutum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 38:

manubiae, Auct. Or. pro Dom. 38, 102: bellum,

Plin. 36, 25, 61, § 185:

victoria,

Plin. 7, 22, 22, § 86; Flor. 3, 3, 20.—

* Adv.: Cimbrĭcē, in the manner of the Cimbrians:

loqui,

Quint. Decl. 3, 13.

Cimbri, ōrum, m., = Kimbroi [Cimbri linguā Gallicā latrones dicuntur, Fest. p. 43, 7], a people of Northern Germany (in Holstein, Silesia, and Jutland);

on their irruption into Italy conquered by Marius,

Mel. 3, 3 fin.; Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 167; 4, 13, 27, § 94 sq.; Tac. G. 37; Caes. B. G. 1, 33; 1, 40; 2, 4; Liv. Epit. lib. 63-68; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Flor. 3, 31 sq.; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65; id. Off. 1, 12, 38.—In sing.: Cimber, bri, m., a Cimbrian, Val. Max. 2, 10, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 29; and adj., Cimbrian:

triumphus,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 45.—Cimber, also, a cognomen of L. Tillius, one of the murderers of Cœsar, Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 3.—Hence,

Cimbrĭcus, a, um, adj., Cimbrian:

scutum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 38:

manubiae, Auct. Or. pro Dom. 38, 102: bellum,

Plin. 36, 25, 61, § 185:

victoria,

Plin. 7, 22, 22, § 86; Flor. 3, 3, 20.—

* Adv.: Cimbrĭcē, in the manner of the Cimbrians:

loqui,

Quint. Decl. 3, 13.

Cimbri, ōrum, m., = Kimbroi [Cimbri linguā Gallicā latrones dicuntur, Fest. p. 43, 7], a people of Northern Germany (in Holstein, Silesia, and Jutland);

on their irruption into Italy conquered by Marius,

Mel. 3, 3 fin.; Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 167; 4, 13, 27, § 94 sq.; Tac. G. 37; Caes. B. G. 1, 33; 1, 40; 2, 4; Liv. Epit. lib. 63-68; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Flor. 3, 31 sq.; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65; id. Off. 1, 12, 38.—In sing.: Cimber, bri, m., a Cimbrian, Val. Max. 2, 10, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 29; and adj., Cimbrian:

triumphus,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 45.—Cimber, also, a cognomen of L. Tillius, one of the murderers of Cœsar, Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 3.—Hence,

Cimbrĭcus, a, um, adj., Cimbrian:

scutum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 38:

manubiae, Auct. Or. pro Dom. 38, 102: bellum,

Plin. 36, 25, 61, § 185:

victoria,

Plin. 7, 22, 22, § 86; Flor. 3, 3, 20.—

* Adv.: Cimbrĭcē, in the manner of the Cimbrians:

loqui,

Quint. Decl. 3, 13.

dif-fĕro, distŭli, dīlātum, differre ( inf. differrier, Lucr. 1, 1088. In tmesi:

disque tulissent,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 14), v. a. and n.

Act., to carry different ways; to spread abroad, scatter, disperse, separate (cf.: reicere, proferre, procrastinare, producere, ampliare, prorogare—class.).

Lit.:

scintillas agere ac late differre favillam,

Lucr. 2, 675; cf.:

favillam longe (ventus),

id. 6, 692:

nubila (vis venti),

id. 1, 273; Verg. G. 3, 197:

ignem (ventus),

Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 2:

casae venti magnitudine ignem distulerunt,

id. B. G. 5, 43, 2:

majorem partem classis (vis Africi),

Vell. 2, 79, 2:

rudentes fractosque remos (Eurus),

Hor. Epod. 10, 6 et saep.; cf. Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 14:

nos cum scapha tempestas dextrovorsum Differt ab illis,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 39; cf. Lucr. 1, 1088: cytisum, to plant apart, in separate rows = disserere, digerere, Varr. R. R. 1, 43; Col. 11, 3, 30 sq.; 38; 42 al.; cf.:

ulmos in versum,

Verg. G. 4, 144:

ut formicae frustillatim (te) differant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 20; cf.:

insepulta membra (lupi),

Hor. Epod. 5, 99; and:

Mettum in diversa (quadrigae),

Verg. A. 8, 643. —

Trop.

To distract, disquiet, disturb a person (only ante-class.): vorsor in amoris rota miser, Exanimor, feror, differor, distrahor, diripior, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 5:

differor clamore,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 15:

cupidine ejus,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 28; cf.:

amore istius,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 27:

laetitia,

id. Truc. 4, 1, 3:

doloribus,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 40.—Less freq. act.:

aliquem dictis,

to confound, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 125; cf. Ter. And. 2, 4, 5 Ruhnk.—

To spread abroad, publish, divulge; with a personal object, to cry down, to defame (mostly anteclass. and post-Aug.; not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.).

With acc. rei: cum de me ista foris sermonibus differs, Lucil. ap. Non. 284, 16; cf.:

rumores famam differant licebit nosque carpant,

Varr. ib. 18:

commissam libertatem populo Rom. sermonibus,

Liv. 34, 49:

promissum jus anulorum fama distulit,

Suet. Caes. 33.—With acc. and inf.:

ne mi hanc famam differant, Me dedidisse, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 63; Ter. Heaut. prol. 16; Nep. Dion. 10; Val. Fl. 1, 753.—With quasi and dependent clause:

rumore ab obtrectatoribus dilato, quasi eundem mox et discruciatum necasset,

Suet. Aug. 14 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

quo pertinuit differri etiam per externos, tamquam veneno interceptus esset,

Tac. A. 3, 12; cf. id. ib. 4, 25.—

With acc. pers.:

aliquem pipulo,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 32 (cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 103 Müll., and see pipulum): aliquem maledicendo sermonibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 284, 24:

dominos variis rumoribus,

Tac. A. 1, 4:

te circum omnes alias puellas,

to bring into disrepute with them, Prop. 1, 4, 22.—In the pass.: differor sermone miser, Caecil. ap. Gell. 2, 93, 10:

alterna differor invidia,

Prop. 1, 16, 48.—

With reference to time, to defer, put off, protract, delay any thing; with a personal object also to put off, amuse with promises, get rid of (class. and very freq.).

With acc. rei:

cetera praesenti sermoni reserventur: hoc tamen non queo differre, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8:

differre quotidie ac procrastinare rem,

id. Rosc. Am. 9 fin.:

saepe vadimonia,

id. Quint. 5 fin.:

iter in praesentia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 85, 4:

pleraque (with omittere in praesens tempus),

Hor. A. P. 44:

distulit ira sitim,

Ov. M. 6, 366 et saep.:

differri jam hora non potest,

Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 19:

tempus,

id. ib. 8, 8; id. Prov. Cons. 11 fin.; Liv. 3, 46; Ov. M. 1, 724 al.:

diem de die,

Liv. 25, 25 et saep.—With inf.:

quaerere distuli,

Hor. Od. 4, 4, 21; so Liv. 42, 2 (but not Suet. Caes. 81, where agere belongs to proposuerat, cf. id. Aug. 72; id. Calig. 49).—With quin:

nihil dilaturi, quin periculum summae rerum facerent,

Liv. 6, 22 fin.; so Suet. Caes. 4; with in and acc.:

reliqua in crastinum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 44 fin.:

in posterum diem,

id. Deiot. 7, 21; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 65 fin.:

in posterum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 32; Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 5:

in aliud tempus,

Cic. Brut. 87; Caes. B. C. 1, 86, 2:

in adventum tuum,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3 fin.:

diem edicti in a. d. IV. Kal. Dec.,

id. Phil. 3, 8, 20:

curandi tempus in annum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 39 et saep. — Poet.:

tropaea in pueros suos,

to reserve for, Prop. 4, 6, 82.—Rarely with ad:

aliquid ad crudelitatis tempus,

Cic. Vat. 11 fin.; cf. the foll.—

With acc. pers.:

sin autem differs me in tempus aliud,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 10; Liv. 26, 51; 41, 8:

differri non posse adeo concitatos animos,

id. 7, 14:

dilatus per frustrationem,

id. 25, 25; cf.:

aliquem variis frustrationibus,

Just. 9, 6 fin.:

Campanos,

Liv. 26, 33:

aliquem petentem,

Suet. Vesp. 23 Ern.:

caros amicos (opp. properare),

Mart. 13, 55 et saep.— Poet.: vivacem anum, to preserve alive, i. e. to postpone her death, Ov. M. 13, 519; cf.:

decimum dilatus in annum (belli) Hector erat,

id. ib. 12, 76:

aliquem in spem impetrandi tandem honoris,

Liv. 39, 32:

aliquem in septimum diem,

Suet. Tib. 32; id. Caes. 82 Oud.; id. Aug. 44 fin. et saep.— Rarely with ad:

legati ad novos magistratus dilati,

Liv. 41, 8:

aliquem ad finem muneris,

Suet. Vit. 12:

quas (legationes) par tim dato responso ex itinere dimisit, partim distulit Tarraconem,

Liv. 26, 51.—Once with post:

aliquid post bellum differre,

Liv. 4, 6, 4.—

Absol. Prov.: differ;

habent parvae commoda magna morae,

Ov. F. 3, 394.

Neut., to differ, be different (esp. freq. since the Ciceron. period—cf.:

discrepare, distare, interesse): qui re consentientes vocabulis differebant,

Cic. Fin. 4, 2 fin.; cf.:

naturis differunt, voluntate autem similes sunt,

id. de Or. 2, 23: verbo [p. 575] differre, re esse unum, id. Caecin. 21, 59:

distare aliquid aut ex aliqua parte differre,

id. ib. 14:

nihil aut non fere multum differre,

id. Brut. 40 fin.:

paulum differre,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 85 et saep.:

nec quicquam differre, utrumne... an, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 251; cf.:

quid enim differt, barathrone Dones quicquid habes, an? etc.,

id. ib. 166.—

With ab:

ita ut pauxillum differat a cavillulis,

Plaut. Truc. 3, 2, 18:

quidnam esset illud, quo ipsi (poëtae) differrent ab oratoribus,

Cic. Or. 19, 66; id. Off. 1, 27 fin.:

quid hoc ab illo differt?

id. Caecin. 14:

non multum ab hostili expugnatione,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 5 fin.:

multum a Gallica consuetudine,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14; cf. ib. 6, 21; 6, 28, 5:

hoc fere ab reliquis differunt, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 18, 3 et saep.—

With inter (esp. impers.):

si nihil inter deum et deum differt,

Cic. N. D. 1, 29, 80; id. Off. 1, 28, 99; id. Fin. 4, 25, 70:

nequid inter privatum et magistratum differat,

id. Rep. 1, 43:

ut non multum differat inter summos et mediocres viros,

id. Off. 2, 8, 30: multa sunt alia, quae inter locum et locum plurimum differunt (for which, shortly before, inter locorum naturas quantum intersit), id. Fat. 4:

haec cogitatione inter se differunt, re quidem copulata sunt,

id. Tusc. 4, 11: inter se aliqua re, id. Opt. gen. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 7, 16; Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 2; 6, 11, 1; Quint. 12, 10, 22; 34; 67 et saep.:

quae quidem inter se plurimum differunt,

id. 5, 14, 27.—

Rarely with cum:

occasio cum tempore hoc differt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 27:

hoc genus causae cum superiore hoc differt, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 30, 92 Orell. N. cr. —

Likewise rarely, differre in aliqua re, Lucr. 3, 314; Nep. Ages. 7 fin. —

Rarely, and only poet. or in post-Aug. prose, with dat.:

quod pede certo Differt sermoni sermo merus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 48:

tragico differre colori,

id. A. P. 236; Quint. 2, 21, 10; Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107; cf. id. 9, 8, 7, § 23.—Hence, diffĕ-rens, entis, P. a., different, superior:

differentius nomen,

a more excellent name, Vulg. Heb. 1, 4; in Quintilian subst. n. (opp. proprium), a difference, Quint. 5, 10, 55; 58; 6, 3, 66; 7, 3, 3; 25 sq.—

* Adv.: diffĕren-ter, differently, Sol. 1.

dis-termĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to separate by a boundary, to divide, limit, part (rare;

mostly post-Aug.): quas (sterlas) intervallum binas disterminat unum,

Cic. Arat. 94:

Hispanias Galliasque Pyrenaei montes,

Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 30:

communibus parietibus,

Dig. 10, 1, 4, § 10 al. —With ab:

Arabia Judaeam ab Aegypto disterminat,

Plin. 12, 21, 45, § 100:

Vettones ab Asturia,

id. 4, 20, 34, § 112:

Gallica arva ab Ausoniis,

Luc. 1, 216:

Asiam ab Europa,

id. 9, 957.—

Trop., to limit, regulate:

ea res ratio disterminat omnis,

Lucr. 2, 719.

di-sto, āre ( perf. distiti, only Boëth. in Porphyr. 4, p. 89), v. n., to stand apart, to be separate, distant (freq. and class.).

Lit. (cf. absum), absol.:

quantum summa labra (fossae) distabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf. id. ib. 4, 17, 6; Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 67; Liv. 33, 1; Ov. M. 2, 241 et saep.—With inter se:

turres pedes LXXX. inter se distant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72 fin.:

trabes inter se binos pedes,

id. ib. 7, 23, 1; cf. id. B. C. 2, 10, 2:

inter se modicum spatium,

Liv. 8, 8, 5:

multum sidera inter se,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

hastati inter se modicum spatium,

Liv. 8, 8 et saep.—With a or ab:

(imago) distare a speculo,

Lucr. 4, 289; so,

castra ab castris,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3:

terra ab hujus terrae continuatione,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66 al. —With simple abl.:

cum tanto Phrygiā Gallica distet humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362; cf. id. M. 3, 145;

also: foro nimium distare Carinas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

spatium,

Ov. M. 11, 715. —

Transf., of remoteness in time:

non multum aetate distantes,

Quint. 12, 10, 4:

non multum inter se distantes tempore, ib. § 11: quantum distet ab Inacho Codrus,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 1:

haud multum distanti tempore,

Tac. A. 3, 24.

Trop., of quality, to differ, be different =differre, discrepare (freq.):

ut distare aliquid aut ex aliqua parte differre videatur,

Cic. Caecin. 14; cf.:

quia res differebant, nomina rerum distare voluerunt,

id. Top. 8, 34:

moribus et legibus distant (civitates),

Quint. 5, 10, 40; cf. id. 6, 4, 21:

in totum metaphora brevior est similitudo, eoque distat, quod, etc.,

id. 8, 6, 8:

multum inter se distant istae facultates longeque sunt diversae atque sejunctae,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 215:

multum inter se genera dicendi,

id. Or. 16, 52; Quint. 7, 2, 3:

hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

Cic. Off. 2, 4, 15; so with ab, id. ib. 3, 17, 71; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44; id. de Or. 2, 65, 263; Quint. 5, 10, 114; Hor. S. 2, 2, 53; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 11 al.; cf.:

quid enim tam distans quam a severitate comitas?

Cic. Or. 10, 34. —With dat.:

infido scurrae distabit amicus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 4; so,

paulum sepultae inertiae celata virtus,

id. C. 4, 9, 29:

quid aera lupinis,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 23:

pulchra et exactis minimum distantia,

id. ib. 2, 1, 72:

enthymema syllogismo,

Quint. 5, 10, 7 al. — Impers.: distat, there is a difference:

distat, sumasne pudenter An rapias,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44; 2, 2, 195; id. S. 2, 3, 210; Quint. 5, 10, 26.

Fūrĭus (archaic Fūsius, Quint. 1, 4, 13; Liv. 3, 4 init.; cf. the letter R), a, a Roman family name.

M. Furius Camillus, the deliverer of Rome from the Gauls, Liv. 5, 19 sq.; Cic. Rep. 1, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 37, 90.—

M. Furius Bibaculus, a Roman poet of Cremona, a contemporary of Cicero. —

A. Furius Antias, a poet, the friend of Q. Lutatius Catulus the elder, Cic. Brut. 35, 132.—

L. Furius Philus, consul in the year 618 A.U.C., who is introduced as a speaker in Cicero's Republic al.—

Derivv.

Fūrĭus ( Fūsius), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Furius (Fusius), Furian (Fusian):

data fato quodam Furiae genti Gallica bella, Liv 31, 48, 12: cedo mihi leges Atinias, Furias, Fusias (al. Fufias),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109; so,

lex Furia (testamentaria),

Gai. Inst. 2, 225; 4, 23 sq.:

lex Furia Caninia (de manumissionibus),

id. ib. 1, 42;

for which: lex Fusia Caninia,

Cod. Just. 7, 3.—

Fūrĭānus a, um, adj., Furian:

poëmata,

i. e. of the poet A. Furius Antias, Gell. 18, 11, 4.— Subst.: Fūrĭāni, ōrum, m., the soldiers of M. Furius Camillus, the Furians, Liv. 6, 9, 11.

Fūrĭus (archaic Fūsius, Quint. 1, 4, 13; Liv. 3, 4 init.; cf. the letter R), a, a Roman family name.

M. Furius Camillus, the deliverer of Rome from the Gauls, Liv. 5, 19 sq.; Cic. Rep. 1, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 37, 90.—

M. Furius Bibaculus, a Roman poet of Cremona, a contemporary of Cicero. —

A. Furius Antias, a poet, the friend of Q. Lutatius Catulus the elder, Cic. Brut. 35, 132.—

L. Furius Philus, consul in the year 618 A.U.C., who is introduced as a speaker in Cicero's Republic al.—

Derivv.

Fūrĭus ( Fūsius), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Furius (Fusius), Furian (Fusian):

data fato quodam Furiae genti Gallica bella, Liv 31, 48, 12: cedo mihi leges Atinias, Furias, Fusias (al. Fufias),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109; so,

lex Furia (testamentaria),

Gai. Inst. 2, 225; 4, 23 sq.:

lex Furia Caninia (de manumissionibus),

id. ib. 1, 42;

for which: lex Fusia Caninia,

Cod. Just. 7, 3.—

Fūrĭānus a, um, adj., Furian:

poëmata,

i. e. of the poet A. Furius Antias, Gell. 18, 11, 4.— Subst.: Fūrĭāni, ōrum, m., the soldiers of M. Furius Camillus, the Furians, Liv. 6, 9, 11.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

Galli, ōrum, m., the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.—Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.—In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul:

delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus,

id. ib. 5, 45, 4.—In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul:

inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57, 6.—Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.—

Derivv.

Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.—Hence, in plur.:

Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.—

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic:

muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21:

ager,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53:

humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362:

Oceanus,

Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf.

sinus,

id. 32, 2, 11, § 21:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5;

3, 14, 7: bella,

id. ib. 4, 20, 1:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 47, 4:

mores,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf.

consuetudo,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2;

5, 14, 1: ostentatio,

id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.:

canis,

a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533:

ventus,

the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5. — Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe:

(redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.— Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, [p. 801] Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.—

Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc.,

Non. 492, 30 sq. —

Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galla credulitas,

Mart. 5, 1, 10:

mulieres,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.—

Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia ( in Upper Italy), Gallican:

legiones,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

ratio atque res,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ager,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. §

6): lana,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.—Also in gen. for Gallic:

catulus,

Cat. 42, 6:

jumenta,

App. M. 10, p. 247.— Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.—In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init. —

Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

Galli, ōrum, m., the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.—Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.—In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul:

delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus,

id. ib. 5, 45, 4.—In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul:

inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57, 6.—Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.—

Derivv.

Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.—Hence, in plur.:

Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.—

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic:

muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21:

ager,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53:

humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362:

Oceanus,

Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf.

sinus,

id. 32, 2, 11, § 21:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5;

3, 14, 7: bella,

id. ib. 4, 20, 1:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 47, 4:

mores,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf.

consuetudo,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2;

5, 14, 1: ostentatio,

id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.:

canis,

a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533:

ventus,

the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5. — Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe:

(redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.— Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, [p. 801] Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.—

Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc.,

Non. 492, 30 sq. —

Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galla credulitas,

Mart. 5, 1, 10:

mulieres,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.—

Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia ( in Upper Italy), Gallican:

legiones,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

ratio atque res,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ager,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. §

6): lana,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.—Also in gen. for Gallic:

catulus,

Cat. 42, 6:

jumenta,

App. M. 10, p. 247.— Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.—In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init. —

Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

Galli, ōrum, m., the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.—Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.—In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul:

delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus,

id. ib. 5, 45, 4.—In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul:

inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57, 6.—Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.—

Derivv.

Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.—Hence, in plur.:

Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.—

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic:

muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21:

ager,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53:

humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362:

Oceanus,

Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf.

sinus,

id. 32, 2, 11, § 21:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5;

3, 14, 7: bella,

id. ib. 4, 20, 1:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 47, 4:

mores,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf.

consuetudo,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2;

5, 14, 1: ostentatio,

id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.:

canis,

a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533:

ventus,

the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5. — Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe:

(redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.— Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, [p. 801] Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.—

Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc.,

Non. 492, 30 sq. —

Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galla credulitas,

Mart. 5, 1, 10:

mulieres,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.—

Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia ( in Upper Italy), Gallican:

legiones,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

ratio atque res,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ager,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. §

6): lana,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.—Also in gen. for Gallic:

catulus,

Cat. 42, 6:

jumenta,

App. M. 10, p. 247.— Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.—In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init. —

Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

Galli, ōrum, m., the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.—Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.—In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul:

delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus,

id. ib. 5, 45, 4.—In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul:

inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57, 6.—Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.—

Derivv.

Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.—Hence, in plur.:

Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.—

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic:

muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21:

ager,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53:

humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362:

Oceanus,

Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf.

sinus,

id. 32, 2, 11, § 21:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5;

3, 14, 7: bella,

id. ib. 4, 20, 1:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 47, 4:

mores,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf.

consuetudo,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2;

5, 14, 1: ostentatio,

id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.:

canis,

a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533:

ventus,

the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5. — Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe:

(redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.— Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, [p. 801] Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.—

Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc.,

Non. 492, 30 sq. —

Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galla credulitas,

Mart. 5, 1, 10:

mulieres,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.—

Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia ( in Upper Italy), Gallican:

legiones,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

ratio atque res,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ager,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. §

6): lana,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.—Also in gen. for Gallic:

catulus,

Cat. 42, 6:

jumenta,

App. M. 10, p. 247.— Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.—In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init. —

Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

naufrăgĭum, ii, n. [for navifragium, from navis-frango], a shipwreck.

Lit.:

multi naufragia fecerunt,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 1:

naufragio perire,

id. Deiot. 9, 25:

naufragio interire,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27:

naufragio interceptus,

Tac. A. 14, 3; Flor. 3, 10, 7:

nullum conferri posse Naufragium velis ardentibus,

Juv. 12, 22:

pati,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 118.—Prov.:

naufragia alicujus ex terrā intueri,

to behold the ruin of others from a position of safety, Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4 (cf. Lucr. 2, 1):

naufragium in portu facere,

i. e. to fail when on the verge of success, Quint. Decl. 12, 23.—

Poet., transf.

A storm:

naufragiis magnis multisque coörtis,

Lucr. 2, 552.—

The remains of a shipwreck, a wreck:

Eurus Naufragium spargens operit freta,

Sil. 10, 323.—

Trop., shipwreck, ruin, loss, destruction:

naufragium fortunarum,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 25:

luculenti patrimonii,

id. Phil. 12, 8, 19:

rei familiaris,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 5:

cum Gallica gens per Italiam naufragia sua latius traheret,

defeats, Flor. 1, 13, 19: tabula ex naufragio, lit. a plank on which a shipwrecked person saves himself; hence, a means of deliverance, a solace, Cic. Att. 4, 18, 3.—

Transf., the shattered remains, a wreck:

naufragia Caesaris amicorum,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 3: colligere naufragium rei publicae. id. Sest. 6, 15:

credo mollia naufragiis litora posse dari,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 62; 2, 9, 9.

palla, ae, f. [kindred with pellis; cf. Doed. Syn. 5, p. 211], a long and wide upper garment of the Roman ladies, held together by brooches, a robe, mantle (cf.:

stola, peplum, chlamys),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 35; id. Men. 1, 2, 21; 56; id. Truc. 5, 54; Hor. S. 1, 2, 99; id. Epod. 5, 65:

pro longae tegmine pallae Tigridis exuviae per dorsum a vertice pendent,

Verg. A. 11, 576:

palla superba,

Ov. Am. 3, 13, 26:

obscura,

Mart. 11, 104, 7:

scissā pallā,

Juv. 10, 262; cf. Becker, Gall. 3, p. 144 (2d edit.).—

Transf.

In the poets also of a garment worn by men, e. g. of the dress of a tragic actor:

personae pallaeque repertor honestae Aeschylus,

Hor. A. P. 278; Ov. Am. 2, 18, 15; 3, 1, 12; of the cithara-player Arion, id. F. 2, 107; of Phœbus, id. M. 11, 166; id. Am. 1, 8, 59; Tib. 3, 4, 35; of Boreas, Ov. M. 6, 705; of Mercury, Stat. Th. 7, 39; of Osiris, Tib. 1, 8, 47; of Bacchus, Stat. Ach. 1, 262; of Jason, Val. Fl. 3, 718.—

An under-garment:

citharoedus palla inaurata indutus,

Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60:

pallamque induta rigentem insuper aurato circumvelatur amictu,

Ov. M. 14, 262; Val. Fl. 3, 525:

Gallica,

Mart. 1, 93, 8; Stat. Th. 7, 39; App. Flor. 15.—

A curtain: peripetasma, velum, palla, Gloss. Philox.:

cum inter dicentes et audientem palla interesset,

Sen. Ira, 3, 22, 2.