gørð

(-ða, -ðr, and görr), v.

1) to make, construct, build (gør(v)a hús skip, haug);

gør(v)a bók, to write a book;

2) to set in order, prepare, perform, etc.;

gør(v)a veizlu, to make a banquet;

gør(v)a seið, blót, to perform a sacrifice;

gør(v)a ferð, to make a journey;

gør(v)a ráð sitt, to make up one’s mind;

gør(v)a ráð með e-m, to take counsel with, advise one;

3) to contract (gør(v)a vináttu, félagskap);

4) to grant, render;

gør(v)a kost, to give a choice;

5) with acc. of an a.;

gør(v)a sik líkan e-m, to make oneself like to, imitate one;

gør(v)a sik reiðan, to take offence;

gør(v)a skjót-kørit, to make a quick choice;

6) to do, act;

gør(v)a gott (illt), to do good (evil);

hefir hann marga hluti gört stór-vel til min, I have received many great benefits at his hands;

gør(v)a e-m gagn, to give help to one;

7) to do, avail;

þat mun ekki gør(v)a, that won’t do;

ekki gørir at dylja, it is no use denying it;

8) to send, dispatch (hann gørði þegar menn frá sér);

9) to beget (af henni gørði hann hinn fyrsta soninn);

10) to judge or arbitrate in a case (= gør(v)a um mál);

to fix the amount of a fine (gørði Njáll hundrað silfrs);

gør(v)a sér e-t, to adjudge to oneself;

11) with infin. as an auxiliary verb;

ef hón gørði koma, if she did come;

gørðit hón hjúfra, she did not wail;

12) impers. one becomes;

hann gørði fölvan, he turned pale;

veðr gørði hvast, a gale arose;

brið mikla gørði at þeim, they were overtaken by a storm;

mér gørir svefnhöfugt I grow sleepy;

13) with preps.:

gør(v)a mikit af sér, to distinguish oneself;

gør(v)a e-t af e-m, to extort (take)from one;

gør(v)a e-t af við e-n, to wrong a person, transgress against one (ek hefi engan hlut af gørt við þik);

gør(v)a góðan (mikinn) róm at máli e-s, to cheer (praise) another’s speech;

gør(v)a at e-u, to mend, put right (tekr bann kníf ok gørir at skónum);

to heal (kannt þú nókkut gør(v)a at slíkum meinum);

hann gørði þat eina at, er hann átti, he did only what he ought;

slíkt gørir at, er sölin etr, so it happens when one eats seaweed;

gør(v)a at skapi e-s, to conform to one’s wishes;

gør(v)a at álitum, to take into consideration;

gør(v)a sér úgetit at e-u, to be displeased with;

gør(v)a á hluta e-s, to wrong one, do harm to;

gør(v)a fáleika á sik, to make oneself look sad;

gør(v)a eptir e-m, to send for one;

gør(v)a e-t eptir, to imitate;

gør(v)a ráð fyrir e-u, to suppose;

gør(v)a sér mikit (lítit) fyrir, to make great (small) efforts;

gør(v)a sér e-t hug, to resolve, plan;

gør(v)a sér gott hug, to be easy in mind;

gør(v)a milli (á m.) e-m, to decide between;

gør(v)a til e-rra, to make preparations for;

gør(v)a e-t til, to prepare, make ready, dress meat;

gør(v)a til e-s, to de serve a thing;

hvat hafðir þú til gört, what hadst thou done to deserve it?;

gør(v)a sœmdir til e-s, to confer honour upon one;

gør(v)a til saka við e-n, to transgress against one;

gør(v)a um mál, to arbitrate in a case (þær urðu málalyktir, at Þórdr skyldi gør(v)a um);

gør(v)a mikit um sik, to make a great noise;

gør(v)a sér mikit um e-t, to make much of, admire;

gør(v)a upp, to rebuild, restore (gør(v)a upp hús, skála);

gør(v)a e-n upp, to upset one;

gør(v)a e-n útan, to banish, exile (Flosi var görr útan);

gør(v)a e-t við e-n, to do with one (þá var um rœtt, hvat við þá skyldi gør(v)a);

gør(v)a við e-u, to prevent;

14) refl., gørast.

gjörð, gerð, f. [göra]:

1. used of making, building, workmanship; görð ok gylling, Vm. 47; kirkju-görð, church-building; húsa-g., house-building; skipa-g., ship-building; garð-g., fence-making:—of performance, vígslu-g., inauguration; messu-g., saying of mass, divine service; þjónustu-g., embættis-g., id.; þakkar-g., thanksgiving; bænar-g., prayer; lof-g., praise; ölmusu-g., alms-giving; frið-g., peace-making; sættar-g., settlement, agreement, arbitration:—of working, akr-g., tillage; ú-gerð, bad workmanship, patchwork; við-gerð, mending:—of yielding (of duties), tíundar-görð, tithe; leiðangrs-g., paying levy:—of cookery and the like, öl-görð, ale-making, brewing; matar-g., cooking; brauð-g., baking: sundr-gerð, show: til-gerð, whims: upp-gerð, dissimulation: eptir-görð, q. v.: í-görð, suppuration.

2. a doing, act, deed; the phrase, orð ok görðir, words and deeds, Fms. iii. 148; ef þú launar svá mína görð, Ísl. ii. 141, Stj. 250, 252, Dipl. i. 7: so in the phrase, söm þín gerð, as good as the deed (in declining a kind offer); góð-görð, vel-görð, a good deed, benefit; íll-görðir (pl.), evil doings; mein-görðir, transgressions: in gramm. the active voice, Skálda 180.

II. a law term, arbitration; the settlement was called sætt or sættar-görð, the umpires görðar-menn, m., Grág., Nj. passim; and the verdict gerð or görð, cp. göra C. IV:—the technical phrases were, leggja mál í görð, to submit a case to arbitration, passim; vóru málin í gerð lagin með umgangi ok sættarboðum góðgjarna manna, Eb. 128; or slá málum í sætt, Rd. 248, Eb. ch. 56; leggja mál undir e-n, Lv. ch. 27: nefna menn til görðar (ch. 4), or taka menn til görðar, to choose umpires; vóru menn til gerðar teknir ok lagðr til fundr, Nj. 146: skilja undir gerð (sátt), or skilja undan, to stipulate, of one of the party making a stipulation to be binding on the umpire (as e. g. the award shall not be outlawry but payment), en þó at vandliga væri skilit undir görðina, þá játaði Þórðr at göra, Eb. 24, cp. Ld. 308, Sturl. ii. 63; göra fé slíkt sem hann vildi, at undan-skildum hérað-sektum ok utanferðum, var þá handsalat niðrfall af sökum, Fs. 74; lúka upp gerð ( to deliver the arbitration), or segja upp gerð, to pronounce or to give verdict as umpire; skyldi Skapti gerð upp segja, Valla L. 225; hann lauk upp gerðum á Þórsness-þingi ok hafði við hina vitrustu menn er þar vóru komnir, Eb. 246; þeir skyldi upp lúka görðinni áðr en þeir færi af þingi, Bjarn. (fine); Þorsteinn kvaðsk ekki mundu görð upp lúka fyr en á nokkuru lögþingi, Fs. 49:—as to the number of umpires,—one only, a trustworthy man, was usually appointed, Eb. ch. 10 (Thord Gellir umpire), ch. 46, Lv. ch. 27 (Gellir), Valla L. ch. 6 (Skapti the speaker), Rd. ch. 6 (Áskell Goði), Sturl. 2. ch. 103 (Jón Loptsson), Sturl. 4. ch. 27 (Thorvald Gizurarson), Bjarn. 17 (the king of Norway), Flóam. S. ch. 3, Hallfr. S. ch. 10, Bjarn. 55: two umpires, Rd. ch. 10, 16, 18, 24, Valla L. ch. 10 (partly a case of sjálfdæmi), Bjarn. (fine): twelve umpires, Nj. ch. 75, 123, 124 (six named by each party): the number and other particulars not recorded, Vd. ch. 39, 40, Nj. ch. 94, Rd. ch. 11, 13, Eb. ch. 27, 56, Lv. ch. 4, 12, 30, Glúm. ch. 9, 23, 27, etc.:—even the sjálfdæmi (q. v.), self-judging, was a kind of arbitration, cp. Vápn. 31, Vd. ch. 29, 34, 44, Lv. ch. 17, Band. pp. 11–13, Ölk. ch. 2–4: curious is the passage, ek vil at vit takim menn til görðar með okkr, Hrafnkell svarar, þá þykisk þú jafn-menntr mér, Hrafn. 10:—görð is properly distinguished from dómr, but is sometimes confounded with it, vóru handsöluð mál í dóm ok menn til görðar nefndir, Lv. 13; málin kómu í dóm Vermundar, en hann lauk gerðum upp á Þórsness-þingi, Eb. 246; as also Nj. (beginning), where lögligir dómar no doubt refers to görð. A section of law about görð is contained in the Grág. at the end of Kaupa-þáttr, ch. 69–81 (i. 485–497), where even the curious case is provided for of one or all the umpires dying, or becoming dumb or mad, before pronouncing their verdict. ☞ This was a favourite way of settlement at the time of the Commonwealth, and suited well the sagacious and law-abiding spirit of the men of old: nor did the institution of the Fifth Court make any change in this; the görð was even resorted to in public matters, such as the introduction of Christianity in A. D. 1000. Good and leading men acted the part of public peacemakers (e. g. Njál in the 10th, Jón Loptsson in the 12th century); until at last, in the 13th century, the king of Norway was resorted to, but he misused the confidence put in him.

(also spelt gjör-, ger-, geyr-); the complete old form is görv-, which remains in görv-allr, q. v. [cp. görva below; mid. H. G. gar, garwe; O. H. G. garo; N. H. G. gar]:—as adverb. prefix, quite, altogether: gör-auðr, adj. quite empty: gör-bænn, adj. begging hard, importunate, Sighvat, Fb. ii. 80: gör-eyða, dd, to lay quite waste: gör-farinn, part. quite gone, quite lost, of a game, Fms. vii. 219: gör-hugall, adj. very heedful, mindful, Eg. 14: gör-kólfr, m. = for-kólfr, q. v.: gör-slokinn, part. quite slaked, Hólabók 103: gör-spiltr, part. quite corrupt.

1) making, building;

2) doing, act, deed;

orð ok gørðir, words and deeds;

3) arbitration, award;

leggja mál í gørð, to submit a case to arbitration;

taka menn til gørðar, to choose umpires;

segja or lúka upp gørð, to deliver the arbitration.

n. the cud in animals.

* * *

and ger, n. a flock of birds of prey; þar var hrafna gör, Höfuðl. 9; hræva gör, carrion crows, Merl. 2. 68, (in both passages rhyming with a word having ø for root vowel); opt er fiskr í fugla geri, there are often fish where gulls gather, Hallgr. in Snót 212 2nd Ed. (for the gulls guide the fishermen to the shoals of fish); þá fylgir því gör mikit ok áta, Sks. 140.

n. the cud in animals.

* * *

n. [A. S. gor; Engl. gore; Swed. går], whence Gor-mánuðr, m. Gore-month, the first winter month, about the middle of October to the middle of November, so called from the slaughtering of beasts for winter Store, Edda 103; vetr ok g. kemr laugardag, Rb.

II. the cud in animals, but also used of chyme in men, e. g. spúa græmi gorinu, to vomit the green g., of one far gone in sea-sickness.

COMPDS: gorblautr, gorgeir, gorkúla, gorvargr, gorvömb.

adj. arbitrary.

n. a law term, an arbitrary act; taka skip manns at görræði sínu, Grág. ii. 396.

n. a law term, any unlawful seizure or holding of another man’s property without positive intention of stealing, therefore not felony: it is thus defined, ef maðr tekr þat er annarr maðr á, ólofat, ok á maðr at færa þat til görtœkis er pennings er vert eðr meira, Grág. ii. 188; þjófsök and görtœkis-sök are distinguished in 190; the penalty was the payment of twice its value, as fixed by the neighbours, and a fine of three marks, i. 401, ii. 188, 396: pilfering could be prosecuted either as theft or as görtœki, i. 430, ii. 295, and passim.

n. poet. flock.

gör-symi, giavr-simi, f., Mork. 61, 64; but usually ger-semi, f. indecl. sing., but þessarar gersemar (gen.), Fms. vi. 73; [old Dan. görsum; gersuma in A. S. laws is a Scandin. or Dan. word, from gör- and sama, what beseems; or perhaps better from gör- and sima, costly wire, coils of wire being used as money]:—a costly thing, jewel; gersemi ertú (what a treasure thou art!), hversu þú ert mér eptirlátr, Nj. 68; skjöld, ok var hann en mesta gersemi, Eg. 698; gullhring ok nokkrar gersimar, Bs. i. 130; gaf keisarinn honum margar gersimar, Fms. xi. 328; einn digran gullhring ok var þat g. sem mest, Fær. 6; með stórum gersemum ok fjár-hlutum, Fms. x. 417: of a living thing, þeir hafa drepit yxn ( oxen) mitt er mest gersemi var, Sd. 158; var þat dýr en mesta gersemi þess-kyns, Fms. vi. 298 sqq.; konungs-gersemi, a ‘king’s jewel,’ of a dwarf,—such a man being the ‘king’s plaything:’ allit., gull ok gersimar, passim:—Hnoss and Gersemi were the daughters of Freyja, Edda.

adj. clammy, of the hide of a fresh slaughtered animal.

m. impudence.

u, f. a fungus, lypoperdon.

m. a law term, [early Dan. and Swed. gornithing; Ivar Aasen gortjuv], a ‘gore-worrier,’ one who feloniously destroys another man’s cattle, liable to outlawry, defined in N. G. L. ii. 523.

f. the first stomach, Ísl. ii. 375.

adj. empoisoned, Sæm. 118.

adv. altogether, quite, Bs. i. 322, Fms. vii. 11, Magn. 466, Fas. i. 287, Hom. 44, Sks. 327, 347, passim.

adj. all together.

adj. costly, Edda 21, 151.