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101 mason
mason ['meɪsən]1 noun(stoneworker) maçon(onne) m,f(Freemason) Maçon m, franc-maçon m►► Mason jar bocal m à conserves -
102 Born, Ignaz Edler von
[br]b. 26 December 1742 Karlsburg, Transylvania (now Alba lulia, Romania)d. 24 July 1791 Vienna, Austria[br]Austrian metallurgical and mining expert, inventor of the modern amalgamation process.[br]At the University of Prague he studied law, but thereafter turned to mineralogy, physics and different aspects of mining. In 1769–70 he worked with the mining administration in Schemnitz (now Banská Stiavnica, Slovakia) and Prague and later continued travelling to many parts of Europe, with special interests in the mining districts. In 1776, he was charged to enlarge and systematically to reshape the natural-history collection in Vienna. Three years later he was appointed Wirklicher Hofrat at the mining and monetary administration of the Austrian court.Born, who had been at a Jesuit college in his youth, was an active freemason in Vienna and exercised remarkable social communication. The intensity of his academic exchange was outstanding, and he was a member of more than a dozen learned societies throughout Europe. When with the construction of a new metallurgic plant at Joachimsthal (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic) the methods of extracting silver and gold from ores by the means of quicksilver demanded acute consideration, it was this form of scientific intercourse that induced him in 1786 to invite many of his colleagues from several countries to meet in Schemnitz in order to discuss his ideas. Since the beginnings of the 1780s Born had developed the amalgamation process as had first been applied in Mexico in 1557, by mixing the roasted and chlorinated ores with water, ingredients of iron and quicksilver in drums and having the quicksilver refined from the amalgam in the next step. The meeting led to the founding of the Societät der Bergbaukunde, the first internationally structured society of scientists in the world. He died as the result of severe injuries suffered in an accident while he was studying fire-setting in a Slovakian mine in 1770.[br]Bibliography1772–5, Lithophylacium Borniarum seu Index fossilium, 2 vols, Prague.1774 (ed.), Briefe an J.J.Ferber über mineralogische Gegenstände, Frankfurt and Leipzig.1775–84, Abhandlungen einer Privatgesellschaft in Böhmen, zur Aufnahme derMathematik, der vaterländischen Geschichte und der Naturgeschichte, 6 vols, Prague. 1786, Über das Anquicken der gold-und silberhaltigen Erze, Rohsteine, Schwarzkupferund Hüttenspeise, Vienna.1789–90, co-edited with F.W.H.von Trebra, Bergbaukunde, 2 vols, Leipzig.Further ReadingC.von Wurzbach, 1857, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Österreich, Vol. II, pp. 71–4.L.Molnár and A Weiß, 1986, Ignaz Edler von Born und die Societät der Bergbaukunde 1786, Vienna: Bundesministerium für Handel, Gewerbe und Industrie (provides a very detailed description of his life, the amalgamation process and the society of 1786). G.B.Fettweis, and G.Hamann (eds), 1989, Über Ignaz von Born und die Societät derBergbaukunde, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaft (provides a very detailed description).WK -
103 Mylne, Robert
[br]b. 1733 Edinburgh, Scotland d. 1811[br]Scottish engineer, architect and bridge-builder.[br]Mylne was the eldest son of Thomas Mylne, Surveyor to the City of Edinburgh. Little is known of his early education. In 1754, at the age of 21, he left Edinburgh by sea and journeyed to Rome, where he attended the Academy of St Luke. There he received the first prize for architecture. In 1759 he left Rome to travel back to England, where he arrived in time for the competition then going ahead for the design and building of a new bridge across the Thames at Blackfriars. Against 68 other competitors, Mylne won the competition; the work took some ten years to complete.In 1760 he was appointed Engineer and Architect to the City of London, and in 1767 Joint Engineer to the New River Company together with Henry Mill, who died within a few years to leave Mylne to become Chief Engineer in 1770. Thus for the next forty years he was in charge of all the works for the New River Company between Clerkenwell and Ware, the opposite ends of London's main water supply. By 1767 he had also been appointed to a number of other important posts, which included Surveyor to Canterbury Cathedral and St Paul's Cathedral. In addition to undertaking his responsibilities for these great public buildings, he designed many private houses and villas all over the country, including several buildings for the Duke of Argyll on the Inverary Castle estate.Mylne was also responsible for the design of a great number of bridges, waterworks and other civil engineering works throughout Britain. Called in to advise on the Norwich city waterworks, he fell out with Joseph Bramah in a somewhat spectacular dispute.For much of his life Mylne lived at the Water House at the New River Head at Islington, from which he could direct much of the work on that waterway that came under his supervision. He also had residences in New Bridge Street and, as Clerk of Works, at Greenwich Hospital. Towards the end of his life he built himself a small house at Amwell, a country retreat at the outer end of the New River. He kept a diary from 1762 to 1810 which includes only brief memoranda but which shows a remarkable diligence in travelling all over the country by stagecoach and by postchaise. He was a freemason, as were many of his family; he married Mary Home on 10 September 1770, with whom he had ten children, four of whom survived into adulthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFellow of the Royal Society 1767.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, London.A.E.Richardson, 1955, Robert Mylne, 1733–1811, Engineer and Architect, London: Batsford. -
104 masonry
kb. (j. -ries) 1 bangunan pertukangan batu. 2 keahlian tukang batu. 3 M. perkumpulan kebatinan orang-orang yang disebut Freemason, Vrijmetselarij.
См. также в других словарях:
Freemason — [frē′mā΄sən] n. [< obs. freemason, a skilled itinerant mason, free to move from town to town without restraint by local guilds] a member of an international secret society having as its principles brotherliness, charity, and mutual aid: also… … English World dictionary
Freemason — Free ma son, n. One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Freemason — late 14c., originally a traveling guild of masons with a secret code; in the early 17c. they began accepting honorary members and teaching them the secrets and lore, which by 1717 had developed into the fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons. The … Etymology dictionary
Freemason — ► NOUN ▪ a member of an international order established for mutual help and fellowship, which holds elaborate secret ceremonies. DERIVATIVES Freemasony noun … English terms dictionary
Freemason — UK [ˈfriːˌmeɪs(ə)n] / US [ˈfrɪˌmeɪs(ə)n] noun [countable] Word forms Freemason : singular Freemason plural Freemasons a member of an international secret society of men who agree to help each other. A Freemason is often simply called a Mason … English dictionary
Freemason — Free|ma|son [ fri,meısn ] noun count a member of an international secret society of men who agree to help each other. A Freemason is often simply called a Mason … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Freemason — [[t]fri͟ːmeɪs(ə)n[/t]] Freemasons N COUNT A Freemason is a man who is a member of a large secret society. Freemasons promise to help each other, and use a system of secret signs in order to recognize each other … English dictionary
Freemason (horse) — Freemason was an Australian racehorse from the early 2000 s. He was owned by the Inghams and trained by John Hawkes. His most famous win was the 2003 BMW Stakes where he raced neck and neck down the straight with Northerly and just prevailed. He… … Wikipedia
Freemason's Tavern — La Freemason s Tavern es una taberna situada en la calle Great Queen, en el centro de Londres, en Inglaterra, famosa por ser el lugar donde, el 26 de octubre de 1863, tuvo lugar la reunión en la que se establecieron las bases del fútbol actual,… … Wikipedia Español
Freemason Island — Sp Masònų salà Ap Freemason Island L Šandelūro įl., JAV (Luiziana) … Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė
Freemason — noun Date: 1646 a member of a major fraternal organization called Free and Accepted Masons or Ancient Free and Accepted Masons that has certain secret rituals … New Collegiate Dictionary
