-
1 lerta-
vb."can" in the sense "be free to do", being under no restraint physical or other. Lertan quetë "I can speak because I am free to do so, there being no obstacle of promise, secrecy, or duty". Where the absence of a physical restraint is considered, this verb can be used in much the same sense as pol- VT41:6 -
2 lehta
2 adj. "free, released" VT39:17; \#lehta tengwë "free element, released element", a term for "vowel" only pl. lehta tengwi ñ is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective VT39:17 -
3 perina
adj.? *"divided in middle, halved" PER The word is not glossed, but seems to connect with the verb perya- "halve". If the relationship is the same as between the verb lerya- "to free" and the adj. lerina "free", then perina is most likely an adjective "halved"d. -
4 rúna-
vb. "to free" VT43:23. Compare eterúna-, etrúna-, q.v. It is not quite clear whether rúna by itself is an adjective or a verb; the gloss "free" makes room for both interpretations. If \#runando "redeemer" q.v. is formed from this noun, it would cover "to redeem" as well. -
5 mirima
adj. "free" MIS. Free is rather expressed as léra in Tolkiens later Quenya; mirima would be prone to confusion with mírima above. -
6 lerya-
vb. "release, set free, let go"; negated avalerya- "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty" VT41:5, 6 -
7 aman
adj. "blessed, free from evil". Adopted and adapted from Valarin WJ:399, though in other versions Tolkien cited an Elvish etymology cf. VT49:26-27. Place-name Aman the Blessed Realm, from the stem mān- "good, blessed, unmarred" SA:mān, translated Unmarred State VT49:26. Allative Amanna VT49:26. Adj. amanya "of Aman, *Amanian" WJ:411, nominal pl. Amanyar "those of Aman", Elves dwelling there with negations Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those not of Aman". Also fuller Amaneldi noun *"Aman-elves" WJ:373.Masc. name Amandil *"Aman-friend" Appendix A, SA:mān, the father of Elendil; also name of the Númenorean king Tar-Amandil UT:210. -
8 ta
1 pron. "that, it" TA; compare antaróuta/u "he gave it" FS; see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna thither, talo/tó thence and tás/tassë there are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: *to that, *from that and *in that place, respectively. Compare there as one gloss of ta see \#4. 2 adv. so, like that, also, e.g. ta mára so good VT49:12 3 pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things such as inanimates not by the Eldar regarded as persons" VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52. Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir uta/u "we forgive uthem/u" VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers. However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean that see \#1 above, he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta they, them, introducing variant forms like tai VT49:32 to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te VT49:33, which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate they, them was abandoned and the form te q.v. could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó-. 4 conj., said to be a reducted form of tá then, used before each new item in a series or list; if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet, this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important. PE17:70 Hence the use of arta ar ta, and ta for et cetera; in older language ta ta or just ta. 5 adv. there VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or element rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta \#1. -
9 sen-
vb. "let loose, free, let go" VT43:18 -
10 ava-
2 prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" WJ:370 3 prefix "without" ARsup2/sup, AWA. In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" q.v. 4 vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit WJ:370. Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed with the ending -n I in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan ávëan, future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t.aunë in the sense was not, as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkiens the text was revised. -
11 ráva
1 adj. free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless PE17:78, "wild, untamed" RAB. In PE17:78, the gloss wild is given to the variant hráva instead. 2 noun "bank" especially of a river RAMBĀ -
12 nav-
vb. "judge" cited in the form navë, apparently the 3rd person aorist. Also given with pronominal suffixes: navin *"I judge" Tolkien's free translation: "I think", navilwë "we judge" VT42:33, 4, VT48:11 -
13 ranya-
1 vb. "to stray" RAN, 2 ranya noun "erratic wandering" VT42:13, 3 ranya, also aranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" VT46:10 -
14 fairië
noun "freedom" LT1:250; since this is an abstract formation based on fairë "free", a meaning only ascribed to this word in early "Qenya" whereas fairë has a string of other meanings in Tolkien's later Quenya, the conceptual validity of fairië "freedom" may be questioned. -
15 oiencarmëEruo
"k" noun "the One's Eru's perpetual production", free rendering: "God's management of the Drama" MR:471 -
16 Mirimor
noun *"the Free", a name of the Teleri; sg. \#Mirimo MIS -
17 pol-
1 vb. "can" = have physical power and ability, as in polin quetë "I can speak because mouth and tongue are free". Cf. ista-, lerta- as verbs "can" with somewhat different shades of meaning. VT41:6, PE17:181 -
18 fairë
1 noun "phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape" pl. fairi in Markirya; compare ausa. The noun fairë was also used = "spirit in general", as a kind of being MR:349, PE17:124. In VT43:37 and VT44:17, fairë refers to the Holy Spirit fairë aista or Aina Fairë 2 noun "natural death" as act PHIR 3 noun "radiance" PHAY 4 adj. "free" LT1:250 rather léra, lerina or mirima in LotR-style Quenya -
19 isilmë(þ)
noun "moonlight", occurring in Markirya; free translation "the moon" in MC:215 isilmë ilcalassë, literally "moonlight gleaming-in" = "in the moon gleaming". Isilmë also appears as the name of a Númenorean woman UT:210. -
20 aranya
also ranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" VT46:10
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См. также в других словарях:
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