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France noun Франция -
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The continental European country with which Portugal has had the closest and most friendly relations since the Middle Ages and whose culture since early modern times has been the most important model for Portugal's culture. Beginning in the Reconquest, French groups assisted the Portuguese in fighting the Muslims, and Portugal's first royal dynasty was Burgundian. Various French religious orders settled in Portugal and brought new skills and ideas. Franco-Portuguese relations in diplomacy went through various phases after a virtual break between the two monarchies during the Hundred Years' War and Castile's campaigns to conquer Portugal up to the battle of Aljubarrota (1385), when France was the main ally of Castile. France gave Portugal vital assistance in the 16th and 17th centuries against Spanish aggression. French aid was given to Dom Antônio, Prior of Crato, who opposed Filipe's domination of Portugal, and to restoration Portugal during the War of Restoration (1640-68). With the important exception of the disastrous Napoleonic invasions and war (1807-11), Franco-Portuguese relations in diplomacy, trade, and culture were exceptionally good from the first quarter of the 19th century.In part as a response to unpopular Castilianization during Spain's domination, the Portuguese found French culture a comforting, novel foil and prestigious alternative. Despite Great Britain's dominance in matters commercial, diplomatic, and political under the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, French culture and politics came to enjoy primary importance in Portugal. Even in commerce, France was Portugal's third or fourth best customer during the 19th century. Especially between 1820 and 1960, French influence provided a major model for the well-educated.A brief list of some key political, literary, philosophical, and artistic ideas Portugal eagerly embraced is suggestive. King Pedro IV's 1826 Charter ( A Carta) was directly modeled on an early French constitution. French models of liberalism and socialism prevailed in politics; impressionism in art; romanticism and realism, Parnassian-ism, and symbolism in literature; positivism and Bergsonianism in philosophy, etc. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Portuguese language, including vocabulary and orthography (spelling), experienced extensive Frenchification. French became the second language of Portugal's elite, providing access to knowledge and information vital for the education and development of isolated Portugal.French cultural influences became pervasive and entered the country by various means: through the French invasions before 1811, trade and commerce, improved international communication and transportation, Portuguese emigration to France (which became a mass movement after 1950), and close diplomatic and intellectual relations. An example of the importance of French culture until recently, when British and American cultural influences have become more significant, was that works in French dominated foreign book sections in Portuguese bookstores. If Portugal retained the oldest diplomatic link in world history with Britain, its chief cultural model until recently was France. Until after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the largest portion of Portugal's educated elite studying abroad resided in France and took French higher degrees. The pattern of Portuguese students in higher education abroad has diversified in the years since, and now a significant portion are studying in other European continental states as well as in Britain and the United States. Diplomatic posts in France rank high in the pecking order of Portugal's small foreign service. -
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[frɑːns] [AE fræns]nome proprio Francia f.* * *France /frɑ:ns/n.(geogr.) Francia: I love France, adoro la Francia; We're going to France, andiamo in Francia; She lives in France, abita in Francia.(Place names) France /frɑ:ns, USA fræns/* * *[frɑːns] [AE fræns]nome proprio Francia f. -
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proper noun* * *[frɑ:n(t)s, AM fræn(t)s]n no pl\France were leading 1-0 at half time Frankreich führte zur Halbzeit 1-0* * *[frAːns]nFrankreich nt* * *Fr. abk2. France3. French* * *proper noun* * *n.Frankreich n. -
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сущ.общ. Франция (республика; столица — Париж; государственный язык французский; валюта — евро, до 2002 г. в качестве национальной валюты использовался французский франк)See:euro, French franc, Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents, Schengen Agreement, Wassenaar Arrangement, European Union, European Monetary Union, Group of Ten, Group of Seven, Group of Twelve, Group of Five, Group of Twenty, Latin Monetary Union, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris Club, Australia Group, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, European Patent Convention, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Visa Waiver Program, Banque de France, eurozone, developed countries, advanced economies, high-income countries, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Reunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
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[English Word] France[Swahili Word] Ufaransa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9[Terminology] geography------------------------------------------------------------ -
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[frɑ:n(t)s, Am fræn(t)s] n\France were leading 1-0 at half time Frankreich führte zur Halbzeit 1-0 -
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(FRA) Конфедерация (зона): UEFA Участие в чемпионатах мира ФИФА: 11 (1930, 1934, 1938, 1954, 1958, 1966, 1978, 1982, 1986, 1988, 2002) Чемпионы мира: 1998 Столица: Paris Население: 59329691 (2000) Рейтинг по населению: 10 * Территория: 547030 Рейтинг по территории: 11 * Валовый внутренний продукт (ВВП) на душу населения: 24400 Рейтинг по ВВП: 5 * Официальный(ые) язык(и): French Валюта: Euro Основные города: Bordeaux, Marseilles, Lyon Национальный(ые) прадник(и): Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Глава государства: Jacques Chirac (President) Низшая точка: Rhone River delta (-2 m) Высшая точка: Mont Blanc (4,807 m) Место в рейтинге ФИФА (15 мая 2002 года): Примечание: France has 3,427 km of coastline and is the largest country in Western Europe. Состав команды Тренер: LEMERRE Roger /FRA, тренер/ Игроки: BARTHEZ Fabien /FRA, вратарь/, BOGHOSSIAN Alain /FRA, полузащитник/, CANDELA Vincent /FRA, защитник/, CHRISTANVAL Philippe /FRA, защитник/, CISSE Djibril /FRA, нападающий/, COUPET Gregory /FRA, вратарь/, DESAILLY Marcel /FRA, защитник/, DJORKAEFF Youri /FRA, полузащитник/, DUGARRY Christophe /FRA, нападающий/, HENRY Thierry /FRA, нападающий/, LEBOEUF Frank /FRA, защитник/, LIZARAZU Bixente /FRA, защитник/, MAKELELE Claude /FRA, полузащитник/, MICOUD Johan /FRA, полузащитник/, PETIT Emmanuel /FRA, полузащитник/, RAME Ulrich /FRA, вратарь/, SAGNOL Willy /FRA, защитник/, SILVESTRE Mikael /FRA, защитник/, THURAM Lilian /FRA, защитник/, TREZEGUET David /FRA, нападающий/, VIEIRA Patrick /FRA, полузащитник/, WILTORD Sylvain /FRA, нападающий/, ZIDANE Zinedine /FRA, полузащитник/ * Рейтинг среди 32-х команд-участниц "2002 FIFA World Cup"
См. также в других словарях:
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France* — France Wikipédia … Wikipédia en Français
France. — Wikipédia … Wikipédia en Français
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France — • Geography, statistics, and history Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. France France † … Catholic encyclopedia
FRANCE — (Heb. פְרַאנְצִיָּה and צָרְפַת), country in Western Europe. This entry is arranged according to the following outline: from the first settlements unil the revolution the roman and merovingian periods from the carolingians until the eve of the… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
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France O — France Ô Création 25 mars 1998 Slogan « Ma télévision, c est France Ô » Langue Français Pays d origine … Wikipédia en Français
France 3 — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda France 3 Nombre público France 3 Tipo Televisión pública Propietario France Télévisions País … Wikipedia Español