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1 Fort William, Scotland
Airports: FWMУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Fort William, Scotland
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2 Morrison, William Murray
[br]b. 7 October 1873 Birchwood, Inverness-shire, Scotlandd. 21 May 1948 London, England[br]Scottish pioneer in the development of the British aluminium industry and Highlands hydroelectric energy.[br]After studying at the West of Scotland Technical College in Glasgow, in January 1895 Morrison was appointed Engineer to the newly formed British Aluminium Company Limited (BAC); it was with this organization that he spent his entire career. The company secured the patent rights to the Héroult and Bayer processes. It constructed a 200 tonne per year electrolytic plant at Foyers on the shore of Loch Ness, together with an adjacent 5000 kW hydroelectric scheme, and it built an alumina factory at Larne Harbour in north-eastern Ireland. Morrison was soon Manager at Foyers, and he became the company's Joint Technical Adviser. In 1910 he was made General Manager, and later he was appointed Managing Director. Morrison successfully brought about improvements in all parts of the production process; between 1915 and 1930 he increased the size of individual electrolytic cells by a factor of five, from 8,000 to 40,000 amperes. Soon after 1901, BAC built a second works for electrolytic reduction, at Kinlochleven in Argyllshire, where the primary design originated from Morrison. In the 1920s a third plant was erected at Fort William, in the lee of Ben Nevis, with hydroelectric generators providing some 75 MW. Alumina factories were constructed at Burntisland on the Firth of Forth and, in the 1930s, at Newport in Monmouthshire. Rolling mills were developed at Milton in Staffordshire, Warrington, and Falkirk in Stirlingshire, this last coming into use in the 1940s, by which time the company had a primary-metal output of more than 30,000 tonnes a year. Morrison was closely involved in all of these developments. He retired in 1946 as Deputy Chairman of BAC.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCommander of the Order of St Olav of Norway 1933 (BAC had manufacturing interests in Norway). Knighted 1943. Vice-Chairman, British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association, Faraday Society, Institute of Metals. Institute of Metals Platinum Medal 1942.Bibliography1939, "Aluminium and highland water power", Journal of the Institute of Metals 65:17– 36 (seventeenth autumn lecture),See also: Hall, Charles MartinJKABiographical history of technology > Morrison, William Murray
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3 McNaught, William
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 27 May 1813 Sneddon, Paisley, Scotlandd. 8 January 1881 Manchester, England[br]Scottish patentee of a very successful form of compounding beam engine with a high-pressure cylinder between the fulcrum of the beam and the connecting rod.[br]Although born in Paisley, McNaught was educated in Glasgow where his parents had moved in 1820. He followed in his father's footsteps and became an engineer through an apprenticeship with Robert Napier at the Vulcan Works, Washington Street, Glasgow. He also attended science classes at the Andersonian University in the evenings and showed such competence that at the age of 19 he was offered the position of being in charge of the Fort-Gloster Mills on the Hoogly river in India. He remained there for four years until 1836, when he returned to Scotland because the climate was affecting his health.His father had added the revolving cylinder to the steam engine indicator, and this greatly simplified and extended its use. In 1838 William joined him in the business of manufacturing these indicators at Robertson Street, Glasgow. While advising textile manufacturers on the use of the indicator, he realized the need for more powerful, smoother-running and economical steam engines. He provided the answer by placing a high-pressure cylinder midway between the fulcrum of the beam and the connecting rod on an ordinary beam engine. The original cylinder was retained to act as the low-pressure cylinder of what became a compound engine. This layout not only reduced the pressures on the bearing surfaces and gave a smoother-running engine, which was one of McNaught's aims, but he probably did not anticipate just how much more economical his engines would be; they often gave a saving of fuel up to 40 per cent. This was because the steam pipe connecting the two cylinders acted as a receiver, something lacking in the Woolf compound, which enabled the steam to be expanded properly in both cylinders. McNaught took out his patent in 1845, and in 1849 he had to move to Manchester because his orders in Lancashire were so numerous and the scope was much greater there than in Glasgow. He took out further patents for equalizing the stress on the working parts, but none was as important as his original one, which was claimed to have been one of the greatest improvements since the steam engine left the hands of James Watt. He was one of the original promoters of the Boiler Insurance and Steam Power Company and was elected Chairman in 1865, a position he retained until a short time before his death.[br]Bibliography1845, British patent no. 11,001 (compounding beam engine).Further ReadingObituary, Engineer 51.Obituary, Engineering 31.R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (the fullest account of McNaught's proposals for compounding).RLH -
4 FWM
1) Оптика: four-wave mixing2) Сокращение: Feinmechanische Werke Mainz GmbH (Germany)3) Аэропорты: Fort William, Scotland
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Fort William, Scotland — infobox UK place country = Scotland official name = Fort William gaelic name = An Gearasdan scots name = population = 9,908 (2001 Census) os grid reference = NN103738 longitude = 5.10963 latitude = 56.81689 unitary scotland = Highland lieutenancy … Wikipedia
Fort William — may refer to placesIn Canada: *Fort William, Ontario, a Canadian city which, together with Port Arthur, became part of Thunder Bay in 1970 **Fort William (electoral district), a related Canadian federal electoral district **Fort William… … Wikipedia
Fort William (Highland) — Fort William gälisch An Gearasdan Koordinaten … Deutsch Wikipedia
Fort William (Ecosse) — Fort William (Écosse) Fort William Localisation de Fort William (Écosse) … Wikipédia en Français
Fort William — 〚after William McGillivray, a director of the North West Co.〛 see THUNDER BAY * * * a town in the southern Highlands of Scotland. It takes its name from a fort built in 1655 and destroyed in 1866. It is now an important tourist centre. * * *… … Universalium
Fort William Junction — is a railway junction on the West Highland Line in Scotland, located to the east of Fort William railway station. It is where the railway to Mallaig connects with the Glasgow to Fort William railway.A crossing loop exists on the Mallaig line… … Wikipedia
Fort William — [Fort William] a town in the southern ↑Highlands of Scotland. It takes its name from a ↑fort built in 1655 and destroyed in 1866. It is now an important tourist centre … Useful english dictionary
Fort William F.C. — Football club infobox clubname = Fort William fullname = Fort William Football Club [http://www.fortwilliamfc.co.uk] nickname = The Fort founded = 1984 ground = Claggan Park capacity = 4000 (200 Seated) chairman = James Campbell manager = Calum… … Wikipedia
Fort William Shinty Club — Infobox shinty club clubname = Fort William fullname = Fort William Shinty Club gaelicname = Comann Camanachd A Ghearasdain nickname = The Fort founded = 1893 ground = An Aird, Inverlochy, Fort William manager = Drew McNeil league = Premier… … Wikipedia
Fort William railway station — Infobox UK station name = Fort William other name = An Gearasdan code = FTW manager = First ScotRail locale = Fort William borough = Highland latitude = 56.820 longitude = 5.106 lowusage0405 = 114,211 lowusage0506 = 115,417 lowusage0607 = 115,510 … Wikipedia
Siege of Fort William — Infobox Military Conflict conflict=Siege of Fort William caption=Fort William partof=Jacobite Rising date=March 20 to April 03, 1746 place=Fort William, Scotland result=British Government Victory combatant1=Scottish clans loyal to the Government … Wikipedia
