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1 be
[biː] 1. aux vb; pt was, were, pp been1) ( in continuous tenses)2) ( forming passives) być, zostać ( perf)3) ( in tag questions) prawdahe's good-looking, isn't he? — jest przystojny, prawda?
she's back again, is she? — a więc znów jest z powrotem?
4) (+to +infin)2. vb +complement1) byćI am hot/cold — jest mi gorąco/zimno
2) ( of health) czuć się3) ( of age)4) ( cost) kosztować3. vi1) (exist, occur etc) istnieć2) ( referring to place) być4. impers vb1) (referring to time, distance, weather) byćit's too hot/cold — jest za gorąco/zimno
2) ( emphatic)* * *present tense am [ʌm], are [a:], is [ɪz]; past tense was [woz], were [w†:]; present participle 'being; past participle been [bi:n, (·meriцan) bɪn]; subjunctive were [w†:]; short forms I'm [aim] (I am), you're [ju†] (you are), he's [hi:z] (he is), she's [ʃi:z] (she is), it's [ɪ ] (it is), we're [wi†] (we are), they're [Ɵe†] (they are); negative short forms isn't (is not), aren't [a:nt] (are not), wasn't (was not), weren't [w†:nt] (were not)1) (used with a present participle to form the progressive or continuous tenses: I'm reading; I am being followed; What were you saying?.) być, zostać2) (used with a present participle to form a type of future tense: I'm going to London.)3) (used with a past participle to form the passive voice: He was shot.)4) (used with an infinitive to express several ideas, eg necessity (When am I to leave?), purpose (The letter is to tell us he's coming), a possible future happening (If he were to lose, I'd win) etc.)5) (used in giving or asking for information about something or someone: I am Mr Smith; Is he alive?; She wants to be an actress; The money will be ours; They are being silly.)•- being- the be-all and end-all -
2 rail
[reɪl]n(on stairs, bridge) poręcz f; ( on deck of ship) reling m- rails* * *[reil] 1. noun1) (a (usually horizontal) bar of metal, wood etc used in fences etc, or for hanging things on: Don't lean over the rail; a curtain-rail; a towel-rail.) poręcz, balustrada2) ((usually in plural) a long bar of steel which forms the track on which trains etc run.) szyna2. verb((usually with in or off) to surround with a rail or rails: We'll rail that bit of ground off to stop people walking on it.) odgrodzić- railing- railroad
- railway
- by rail -
3 rust
[rʌst] 1. nrdza f2. vi* * *1. noun(the reddish-brown substance which forms on iron and steel, caused by air and moisture: The car was covered with rust.) rdza2. verb(to (cause to) become covered with rust: The rain has rusted the gate; There's a lot of old metal rusting in the garden.) spowodować rdzewienie, rdzewieć- rusty
- rustily
- rustiness -
4 blank
[blæŋk] 1. adj 2. n* * *[blæŋk] 1. adjective1) ((of paper) without writing or marks: a blank sheet of paper.) czysty, pusty2) (expressionless: a blank look.) bez wyrazu3) ((of a wall) having no door, window etc.) pusty,ślepy2. noun1) ((in forms etc) a space left to be filled (with a signature etc): Fill in all the blanks!) luka2) (a blank cartridge: The soldier fired a blank.) ślepy nabój•- blankly- blankness
- blank cartridge
- blank cheque
- go blank -
5 communism
['kɔmjunɪzəm]nkomunizm m* * *['komjunizəm]((often with capital) a system of government under which there is no private industry and (in some forms) no private property, most things being state-owned.) komunizm -
6 cream
[kriːm] 1. n( from milk) śmietana f, śmietanka f; (cake and chocolate filling, cosmetic) krem m; ( fig) śmietanka f2. adj 3. vtPhrasal Verbs:* * *[kri:m] 1. noun1) (the yellowish-white oily substance that forms on the top of milk, and from which butter and cheese are made.) śmietana2) (any of many substances made of, or similar to, cream: ice-cream; face-cream.) śmietanka, mleczko, lody3) (the best part; the top people: the cream of the medical profession.) śmietanka towarzyska, kwiat4) (( also adjective) (of) a yellowish-white colour: cream paint.) kremowy2. verb1) (to make into a cream-like mixture: Cream the eggs, butter and sugar together.) ucierać2) (to take the cream off: She creamed the milk.) zbierać śmietanę z3) ((with off) to select (the best): The best pupils will be creamed off for special training.) wyselekcjonować•- creamy- creaminess
- cream of tartar -
7 scum
[skʌm]n* * *1) (dirty foam that forms on the surface of a liquid: The pond was covered with (a) scum.) piana, szumowiny2) (bad, worthless people: People of that sort are the scum of the earth.) męty -
8 spit
[spɪt] 1. n( for roasting) rożen m; ( saliva) plwocina f2. vi; pt, pp spatperson pluć (plunąć perf), spluwać (splunąć perf); cooking skwierczeć (zaskwierczeć perf); fire trzaskać (trzasnąć perf); ( inf) rain siąpić* * *I 1. [spit] noun((also spittle ['spitl]) the liquid that forms in the mouth.) plwocina2. verb1) (to throw out (spit) from the mouth: He spat in the gutter as an indication of contempt.) pluć2) (to send (out) with force: The fire spat (out) sparks.) strzelaćII [spit] noun(a type of sharp-pointed metal bar on which meat is roasted.) szpikulec, rożen -
9 topping
['tɔpɪŋ]n( on dessert) przybranie nt; ( on pizza) dodatek m* * *noun (something that forms a covering on top of something, especially food: a tart with a topping of cream.) górna warstwa, wierzch -
10 would
[wud]aux vb1) ( conditional)if you asked him he would do it — gdybyś go poprosił, zrobiłby to
if you had asked him he would have done it — gdybyś go (wtedy) poprosił, zrobiłby to
2) (in offers, invitations, requests)would you ask him to come in? — (czy) mógłbyś go poprosić (, żeby wszedł)?
3) ( in indirect speech)I said I would do it — powiedziałam, że to zrobię
4) ( emphatic)you WOULD say that, wouldn't you! — musiałeś to powiedzieć, prawda?
5) ( insistence)she wouldn't give in — nie chciała się poddać, nie dawała za wygraną
6) ( conjecture)7) ( indicating habit)* * *[wud]short forms - I'd; verb1) (past tense of will: He said he would be leaving at nine o'clock the next morning; I asked if he'd come and mend my television set; I asked him to do it, but he wouldn't; I thought you would have finished by now.)2) (used in speaking of something that will, may or might happen (eg if a certain condition is met): If I asked her to the party, would she come?; I would have come to the party if you'd asked me; I'd be happy to help you.)3) (used to express a preference, opinion etc politely: I would do it this way; It'd be a shame to lose the opportunity; I'd prefer to go tomorrow rather than today.)4) (used, said with emphasis, to express annoyance: I've lost my car-keys - that would happen!)•- would-be- would you -
11 write
[raɪt] 1. pt wrote, pp written, vt 2. vito write to sb — pisać (napisać perf) do kogoś
Phrasal Verbs:- write up* * *past tense - wrote; verb1) (to draw (letters or other forms of script) on a surface, especially with a pen or pencil on paper: They wrote their names on a sheet of paper; The child has learned to read and write; Please write in ink.) pisać2) (to compose the text of (a book, poem etc): She wrote a book on prehistoric monsters.) pisać3) (to compose a letter (and send it): He has written a letter to me about this matter; I'll write you a long letter about my holiday; I wrote to you last week.) napisać•- writer- writing
- writings
- written
- writing-paper
- write down
- write out
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