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forming+bath

  • 1 формовочная ванна

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > формовочная ванна

  • 2 формовочная ванна

    Engineering: forming bath

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > формовочная ванна

  • 3 флоат-ванна

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > флоат-ванна

  • 4 пена

    Русско-английский научный словарь > пена

  • 5 סכך I

    סָכַךְI (b. h.) to interlace, entangle; to be entangled, ramified.Denom. סֻכָּה. Hif. הֵיסֵךְ 1) to weave. Sabb.VII, 2 והמֵיסֵךְ and the work of the weaver. Y. ib. VII, 10c top משום מֵיסֵיךְ his act coming under the category of weaving; משום מֵיסֶכֶת her act coming Tosef. ib. VIII (IX), 2 המוסיך שלשהוכ׳ ed. Zuck. (corr. acc.) he who weaves three threads (on the Sabbath); a. fr. 2) (denom. of סֻכָּה) to hang over, shade. Ohol. VIII, 2; M. Kat. 5b אילן המיסך על הארץ a tree (with a seat of uncleanness on one of its boughs) throwing a shadow (forming a tent, cmp. אֹהֶל) over the ground; a. e.; v. סְכָכָה. 3) ה׳ רגליו to cross ones feet, euphem. for: to ease ones, self. Yoma III, 2. Y.Ber.IX, 14b bot.; a. e. Pi. סִכֵּךְ, סִיכֵּךְ 1) to cover with boughs, esp. to cover the festive booth ( Succah). Ber.62b (ref. to להסך את רגליו, 1 Sam. 24:4, v. supra) מלמד שס׳ עצמו כסוכה this intimates that he shaded himself (retired in a chaste manner) as in a booth. Succ.I, 4 הדלה … וס׳ על גבה if he trained a vine over the booth and put twigs over it. Ib. אין מְסַכְּכִים בו you must not use it for covering. Ib. 14b סִיכַּכְנוּ עלוכ׳ we covered a stable with them. Lam. R. to I, 17 (ref. to בסך, Ps. 42:5) לשעבר … ואילנות מְסַכְּכוֹתוכ׳; formerly I went up (to Jerusalem) with trees forming shades over my head; a. fr.Part. pass. מְסוּכָּךְ; f. מְסוּכֶּכֶת. Succ.8b ובלבד שתהא מס׳וכ׳ provided the Succah is covered according to law. Gen. R. s. 42 (ref. to עמק סכות, Ps. 60:8) עמק שהוא מס׳וכ׳ the valley which is shaded with trees. B. Bath.25b Ms. M., v. אַכְסַדְרָא. 2) to weave; to intertwine plants; to train a creeper over another plant. Men.97a (expl. יֻסַּךְ, Ex. 25:29) the tubes שמְסַכְּכִין בהןוכ׳ with which they interweave the show bread (which they lay crosswise between the loaves, to allow the air to pass through). Tosef.Kil.I, 6, v. סִיכּוּךְ. Y. ib. II, end, 28b (not; מסבכין). Lev. R. s. 14, end (ref. to Job 10:11 תשככני) סִכַּכְתַּנִי אינו אומר אלא תְּסוֹכְכֵנִי it does not say, Thou hast woven me, but, Thou shalt weave me (in the future world). 3) to form shade, to creep, intergrow. Y. Kil. l. c. דלעת מצרית שהיא מְסַכֶּכֶת the Egyptian gourd which creeps. Ib. שאין כולן מְסַכְּכִיןוכ׳ not all of them creep like the Egyptian gourd.

    Jewish literature > סכך I

  • 6 סָכַךְ

    סָכַךְI (b. h.) to interlace, entangle; to be entangled, ramified.Denom. סֻכָּה. Hif. הֵיסֵךְ 1) to weave. Sabb.VII, 2 והמֵיסֵךְ and the work of the weaver. Y. ib. VII, 10c top משום מֵיסֵיךְ his act coming under the category of weaving; משום מֵיסֶכֶת her act coming Tosef. ib. VIII (IX), 2 המוסיך שלשהוכ׳ ed. Zuck. (corr. acc.) he who weaves three threads (on the Sabbath); a. fr. 2) (denom. of סֻכָּה) to hang over, shade. Ohol. VIII, 2; M. Kat. 5b אילן המיסך על הארץ a tree (with a seat of uncleanness on one of its boughs) throwing a shadow (forming a tent, cmp. אֹהֶל) over the ground; a. e.; v. סְכָכָה. 3) ה׳ רגליו to cross ones feet, euphem. for: to ease ones, self. Yoma III, 2. Y.Ber.IX, 14b bot.; a. e. Pi. סִכֵּךְ, סִיכֵּךְ 1) to cover with boughs, esp. to cover the festive booth ( Succah). Ber.62b (ref. to להסך את רגליו, 1 Sam. 24:4, v. supra) מלמד שס׳ עצמו כסוכה this intimates that he shaded himself (retired in a chaste manner) as in a booth. Succ.I, 4 הדלה … וס׳ על גבה if he trained a vine over the booth and put twigs over it. Ib. אין מְסַכְּכִים בו you must not use it for covering. Ib. 14b סִיכַּכְנוּ עלוכ׳ we covered a stable with them. Lam. R. to I, 17 (ref. to בסך, Ps. 42:5) לשעבר … ואילנות מְסַכְּכוֹתוכ׳; formerly I went up (to Jerusalem) with trees forming shades over my head; a. fr.Part. pass. מְסוּכָּךְ; f. מְסוּכֶּכֶת. Succ.8b ובלבד שתהא מס׳וכ׳ provided the Succah is covered according to law. Gen. R. s. 42 (ref. to עמק סכות, Ps. 60:8) עמק שהוא מס׳וכ׳ the valley which is shaded with trees. B. Bath.25b Ms. M., v. אַכְסַדְרָא. 2) to weave; to intertwine plants; to train a creeper over another plant. Men.97a (expl. יֻסַּךְ, Ex. 25:29) the tubes שמְסַכְּכִין בהןוכ׳ with which they interweave the show bread (which they lay crosswise between the loaves, to allow the air to pass through). Tosef.Kil.I, 6, v. סִיכּוּךְ. Y. ib. II, end, 28b (not; מסבכין). Lev. R. s. 14, end (ref. to Job 10:11 תשככני) סִכַּכְתַּנִי אינו אומר אלא תְּסוֹכְכֵנִי it does not say, Thou hast woven me, but, Thou shalt weave me (in the future world). 3) to form shade, to creep, intergrow. Y. Kil. l. c. דלעת מצרית שהיא מְסַכֶּכֶת the Egyptian gourd which creeps. Ib. שאין כולן מְסַכְּכִיןוכ׳ not all of them creep like the Egyptian gourd.

    Jewish literature > סָכַךְ

  • 7 depósito

    m.
    1 deposit, down payment, depositum.
    2 storehouse, warehouse, depot, stockroom.
    3 dump.
    4 reservoir, recipient, tank.
    5 bed, vein, deposit, stratum.
    6 morgue.
    7 retainer.
    * * *
    2 (almacén) store, warehouse, depot
    3 (financiero) deposit
    4 (sedimento) deposit, sediment
    \
    en depósito in bond
    depósito de cadáveres mortuary, morgue
    depósito de municiones ammunition dump
    depósito de objetos perdidos lost property office, US lost-and-found department
    depósito legal copyright
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) storehouse, warehouse
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=contenedor) [gen] tank

    depósito de agua(=tanque) water tank, cistern; (=pantano) reservoir

    depósito de gasolina — petrol tank, gas tank (EEUU)

    2) (=almacén) [de mercancías] warehouse, depot; [de animales, coches] pound; (Mil) depot; [de desechos] dump

    depósito de alimentación — (Inform) feeder bin

    depósito de basura — rubbish dump, tip

    depósito de cadáveres — mortuary, morgue

    depósito de equipajes — left-luggage office, checkroom (EEUU)

    depósito de locomotoras — engine shed, roundhouse (EEUU)

    depósito de maderas — timber yard, lumber yard (EEUU)

    3) (Com, Econ) deposit
    4) (Quím) sediment, deposit
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( almacén) warehouse

    en depósitoin storage o (BrE) in store

    b) ( tanque) tank
    2) ( sedimento) deposit, sediment; ( yacimiento) deposit
    3) (Fin)
    a) ( AmL) ( en una cuenta) deposit

    hacer un depósitoto deposit o (BrE) pay in some money

    b) ( garantía) deposit

    dejé un depósito de 5.000 euros or dejé 5.000 euros en depósito — I left a 5,000 euro deposit

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( almacén) warehouse

    en depósitoin storage o (BrE) in store

    b) ( tanque) tank
    2) ( sedimento) deposit, sediment; ( yacimiento) deposit
    3) (Fin)
    a) ( AmL) ( en una cuenta) deposit

    hacer un depósitoto deposit o (BrE) pay in some money

    b) ( garantía) deposit

    dejé un depósito de 5.000 euros or dejé 5.000 euros en depósito — I left a 5,000 euro deposit

    * * *
    depósito1
    1 = depository, repository, reservoir, storehouse, warehouse, storage tank, stack area, storeroom [store-room], storing room, stackroom [stack room, stack-room], tank, depot, stockroom, reservoir, storage facility, storage room, pool.

    Ex: She began her career at Central Missouri State University where she was Head of the Documents depository.

    Ex: Libraries are the repositories of the records produced and they have been aptly described as standing in the same relationship to society as does the memory to the individual.
    Ex: The first alternative views the library as a storehouse for cultural materials, a reservoir of significant books.
    Ex: The first alternative views the library as a storehouse for cultural materials, a reservoir of significant books.
    Ex: Our warehouse shelter a 13 metre high, 60 ton ammonia retort and a 37 metre wingspan airliner.
    Ex: Locate technical reports that discuss the design of storage tanks for hazardous materials.
    Ex: All these issues were successfully addressed by rearranging study, reference, and stack areas and enclosing a small office to create a more vibrant, reference oriented library environment.
    Ex: Mathematical models are presented that describe the diffusion of gaseous pollutants from the air in a storeroom into protective containers and the reaction with the documents lying in them.
    Ex: It is unlikely for libraries in poor countries to set up a special building or storing room and finance its maintenance.
    Ex: The lower level consists of the general workroom, librarian's office, bindery, stackroom, staff restroom, and soundproof listening rooms for students.
    Ex: All air entering the building should be pumped through tanks of water to remove pollutants.
    Ex: The depot buys the books for the schools and passes on to them some of the discount it receives by buying direct from the publishers.
    Ex: Among the causes of damage to archival records, temperature, moisture content, and pollution of the air in stockrooms play an important role.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Tapping a serviceable resevoir: the selection of periodicals for art libraries'.
    Ex: Due to a seasonal demand, when the storage facility is full this product has to be dumped into the quarry using dumpers.
    Ex: All storage rooms where flammable liquids are stored should have restricted access and be properly identified.
    Ex: Forming a pool, the participants share the cataloguing work and receive the contributions from all the others = Formando un fondo común, los participantes comparten el trabajo de catalogación y reciben las aportaciones de los demás.
    * creación de depósitos de datos = data warehousing.
    * depósito anejo = remote storage.
    * depósito de agua elevado = water tower.
    * depósito de archivo = archival depot, archives depot.
    * depósito de armas = ammunition dump, ammunition compound, ammunition depot, ammo depot.
    * depósito de cadáveres = morgue, mortuary.
    * depósito de datos = data warehouse.
    * depósito de documentos digitales = repository.
    * depósito de documentos electrónicos = repository.
    * depósito de libros = book depot.
    * depósito de muebles = furniture warehouse, furniture repository.
    * depósito de préstamos después de las horas de apertura = after-hours book drop.
    * depósito de recursos electrónicos = electronic repository [e-repository].
    * depósito de reserva = local reserve store, reserve store.
    * depósito de seguridad = storage vault.
    * depósito para el detergente = detergent tank.
    * depósito petrolero = oil reservoir.
    * llenar el depósito = gas up.
    * petición del depósito = stack request.

    depósito2
    2 = deposit, security deposit.

    Ex: Accommodation deposit will be refunded minus $25 handling fee.

    Ex: Legal aid needs of off-campus students are greater due to possible disagreements concerning tenancy, security deposits, utility bills, exterminators, and increased risk of traffic tickets and accidents.
    * biblioteca de depósito = deposit library.
    * biblioteca de depósito legal = copyright library, depository library.
    * certificado de depósito = certificate of deposit.
    * colección de depósito legal = depository collection, legal deposit collection, deposit collection.
    * depósito legal = legal deposit, copyright deposit.
    * garantía en depósito = escrow.

    depósito3
    3 = deposition, silt.

    Ex: The deposition of the copper took a long time, although a large bath could take many moulds at once.

    Ex: But the fertility of the muck and silt topsoil soon made it a profitable farming community.

    * * *
    A
    1 (almacén) warehouse
    depósito de armas arms depot
    depósito de municiones ammunition o munitions dump
    los cuadros llevaban muchos años en depósito the paintings had been in storage o ( BrE) in store for many years
    el género se entregó/se tiene en depósito the goods were supplied/are held on a sale-or-return basis
    2 (tanque) tank
    Compuestos:
    bonded warehouse
    (en una casa) water tank; (lago artificial) reservoir
    morgue, mortuary ( BrE)
    ( Col) checkroom ( AmE), left-luggage office ( BrE)
    gas tank ( AmE), petrol tank ( BrE)
    bonded warehouse
    B (sedimento) deposit, sediment; (yacimiento) deposit
    C
    1 ( AmL) ( Fin) (ingreso) deposit
    hacer un depósito to deposit some money, to pay in some money
    2 (garantía) deposit
    dejé un depósito de 30 euros or dejé 30 euros en depósito I left a 30 euro deposit
    Compuesto:
    depósito a plazo fijo or ( Col) a término fijo
    time deposit ( AmE), fixed-term deposit ( BrE)
    D ( Chi) (de trenes, buses) depot
    * * *

     

    Del verbo depositar: ( conjugate depositar)

    deposito es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    depositó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    depositar    
    depósito
    depositar ( conjugate depositar) verbo transitivo
    1 (frml)
    a) ( colocar) to place, deposit (frml)

    b) ( dejar) to leave, deposit (frml)

    2 (Fin) ‹ dinero to deposit;
    ( en cuenta corriente) (AmL) to deposit, pay in (BrE)
    depósito sustantivo masculino
    1


    depósito de cadáveres morgue, mortuary (BrE)
    b) ( tanque) tank;


    2 ( sedimento) deposit, sediment;
    ( yacimiento) deposit
    3 (Fin)


    depositar verbo transitivo
    1 Fin to deposit
    2 (poner) to place, put [en, on]
    depósito sustantivo masculino
    1 Fin deposit
    2 (contenedor) tank, store
    depósito de cadáveres, mortuary, US morgue
    3 (de sedimentos) deposit 4 depósito legal, legal deposit
    ♦ Locuciones: en depósito, (mercancía) on deposit
    ' depósito' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    almacén
    - cadáver
    - inflamarse
    - llenado
    - reserva
    - tapa
    - adelanto
    - aljibe
    - bodega
    - bodeguero
    - boleta
    - cisterna
    - embalse
    - entrada
    - ingreso
    - reembolsar
    - reembolso
    - reintegrar
    - reintegro
    - resguardo
    - señal
    - tanto
    English:
    bond
    - cap
    - deposit
    - depot
    - down payment
    - dump
    - escrow
    - fill up
    - morgue
    - mortuary
    - petrol tank
    - pound
    - repository
    - store
    - tank
    - top up
    - yard
    - coin
    - gas
    - impound
    - junkyard
    - stock
    - storage
    - warehouse
    * * *
    1. [almacén] [de mercancías] store, warehouse;
    [de armas] dump, arsenal;
    dejar algo en depósito to leave sth as security;
    el Prado tiene numerosos cuadros en depósito the Prado Museum has a large number of paintings in storage
    depósito de automóviles (municipal) Br car pound, US impound lot, US tow lot;
    depósito de cadáveres morgue, mortuary;
    depósito de equipaje Br left luggage office, US baggage room;
    depósito franco bonded warehouse;
    depósito de municiones ammunition dump
    2. [recipiente] tank
    depósito de agua reservoir, water tank;
    depósito compresor pressure tank;
    depósito de gasolina Br petrol tank, US gas tank;
    3. [fianza] deposit;
    dejar una cantidad en depósito to leave a deposit;
    dejamos un depósito de 10.000 pesos we left a deposit of 10,000 pesos
    4. [en cuenta bancaria] deposit;
    hacer un depósito en una cuenta bancaria to pay money into an account
    depósito disponible demand deposit;
    depósito en efectivo cash deposit;
    depósito indistinto joint deposit;
    depósito a plazo fijo Br fixed-term deposit, US time deposit;
    Col depósito a término fijo Br fixed-term deposit, US time deposit;
    depósito a la vista demand deposit
    5. [de polvo, partículas, sedimentos] deposit
    depósitos minerales mineral deposits
    6. depósito legal copyright deposit, legal deposit
    * * *
    m
    1 COM deposit;
    tomar algo en depósito take sth as a deposit
    2 ( almacén) store
    3 de agua, AUTO tank
    * * *
    1) : deposit
    2) : warehouse, storehouse
    * * *
    1. (tanque) tank
    2. (fianza) deposit

    Spanish-English dictionary > depósito

  • 8 установка


    installation (instl)
    - (агрегат, блок) — unit
    - (комплекс оборудования или агрегатов, объединенный общим назначением, процесс монтажа) — installation
    - (процесс и состояние установки подвижных элементов, органов управления, задатчиков н т.п. в определенное положение) — setting, selection, positioning (of controls, selectors, etc. to desired position)
    - (пульт контроля управления) — set, unit
    -, аварийная силовая — emergency power unit (epu)
    -, автоматическая, пусковая (апу, для запуска бортовых ракет и спец. снарядов) — launcher
    - аэродромной проверки и запуска, электрическая — ground power unit for servicing and starting (gpu)
    - аэродромного питанияground power unit (gpu)
    - в нуль (сигнала)(signal) zeroing
    - воздушного запуска (увз)ground pneumatic start unit
    -, вспомогательная силовая (всу) — auxiliary power unit (apu)
    - вспомогательная силовая установка (раздел 049)airborne auxiliary power
    бортовые силовые установки (двигатели), предназначенные для выработки электрической, гидравлической или пневматической энергии для питания систем ла. — those airborne power plants (engines) installed on the aircraft for the purpose of generating and supplying a single type or combination of auxiliary electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or other power.
    всу состоит из гтд со свободной турбиной для привода эл. генератора и воздушного компрессора. — the apu consists of а turboshaft engine driving а free turbine, which in turn оperates an electric generator and air compressor.
    - высотомераaltimeter setting

    a pressure reading set into an altimeter to adjust for a given barometric pressure.
    - высотомера пo давлению у земли (на уровне аэродрома)qfe setting
    - высотомера по давлению приведенному к уровню моря — qnh setting set the altimeter to actual qnh at transition level.
    - гидродробеструйнаяhydraulic shot-blast unit
    - двигателяengine installation
    - (для) заправки гидросистемыhydraulic system servicing set
    - для заправки топливом в полете, подвесная — refueling pod /store/
    - для зарядки кислородомoxygen charging set
    - для испытания расходомеромflowmeter test set
    - для испытания тахометровtachometer test set
    - для проверки герметичности кабин(pressurized) cabin leak test set
    - для проверки гидросистемы (самолета) — aircraft hydraulic test set /rig/
    - для проверки гироприборов (упг)turn table
    - для проверки пневмосистемы — pneumatic test set /rig/
    - для прокачки (гироскопических приборов)turn table
    - для прокачки (жидкостных систем)flushing unit
    - домкратов (под переднюю и основную опору шасси, схема) — nose and main wheel jacking
    - дробеструйная _ закрылков, автоматическая — shot-blast unit automatic flap positiong
    - зарядная (заправочная)charging set
    -, измерительная — measuring set
    -,испытательная (поверочная) — test set
    - испытательная (стенд) "- карты ручная" (навигац. планшета) — test rig (map) man slew
    -, контрольная тахометрическая (кту) — tachometer test set
    -, контрольно-поверочная (комплекс, пульт, станция) — test set
    - контрольно-поверочная (поворотная платформа для проверки гироскопических приборов) — turn table (to test gyroscopic instruments)
    - контрольно-поверочная (стенд) — test stand /rig/
    -, контрольно-поверочная (тестер) — tester
    -, контрольно-поверочная (устройство) — test unit
    - крепежной деталиinstallation of fastener
    необходимо предусмотреть невозможность неправильной установки крепежной детали (болта), если ее неправильная установка может привести к опасным последствиям. — if incorrect or incomplete installation of fastener (bolt) would introduce detrimental effects, proper means must be provided to prevent incorrect installation.
    -, наземная поверочная — ground test set /rig/
    - (монтаж) на самолетinstallation (of unit) on airplane
    - на самолет (графа формуляpa двигателя)installed on airplane
    -, обезличенная (деталей) — indiscriminate installation (of parts)

    never interchange the mating parts indiscriminately.
    -, переносная контрольноповерочная — portable test unit, portable tester
    -, поверочная (комплекс) — test set
    -, поверочная (стенд) — test stand
    -, поверочная (тестер) — tester
    -, поверочная (устройство) — test unit
    - поворотная (упг, для проверки гироскопических приборов) — turn table
    -, подвесная пушечная (ппу) — gun pod (g/pod)
    -, подвесная, пушечная, внешняя (внутренняя) — outboard (inboard) gun pod (outbd or inbd g/pod)
    -, подвижная пушечная (гондола для установки пушки, управляемой в вертикальной плоскости) — flexible gun pod
    -, пушечная — gun (installation)
    - режима работы (двигателя)power setting
    при изменении режима работы двигателя, рычаг управления двигателем должен перемещаться плавно. — in changing the power setting, the power control lever must be moved gradually.
    -, силовая (раздел 071) — power plant
    силовая установка ла включает собственно двигатель, воздухозаборник,подвеску (крепление) двигателя, капоты, воздухозаборники систем и агрегатов, регулируемые створки капота. — the overall power package inclusive оf engine, air intake, mount, cowling, scoops, cowl flaps.
    -, силовая (двигатель) — power unit
    -, силовая (группа двигателей) — power unit
    система, состоящая из одного или нескольких двигателей, узлов и агрегатов, обеспечивающая тягу независимо от др. силовых установок, но не включающая устройств для кратковременного увеличения тяги. — power unit is а system of one or more engin which are together necessary to provide thrust, independently of other power unit(s), but not including short period thrust producing devices.
    -, силовая (параграф разд. "ограничения" рлэ) — power plant
    в данном разделе указываются ограничения, обуславливающие безопасность эксплуатации двигателя, возд. винтов и агрегатов силовой установки ла. — the limitations to ensure the safe operation of the engine, propellers, and power plant accessories as installed in the airplane should be given.
    - силовой установкиpower plant installation

    the complete installation forming a power plant.
    - синусоидальных колебаний, двухстепенная (для проверки гироскопов) — turn table
    -, случайная (непригодных деталей) — inadvertent return to service
    на крепежные детали, имеющие износ и непригодные к дальнейшей эксплуатации, но no внешнему виду кажущиеся исправными, должны наноситься четкие метки, чтобы нe допустить их случайной установки. — fasteners determined to be worn and inairworthy but which give appearance of suitability for installation should be marked conspicuously to prevent their inadvertent return to service.
    - с питанием от сети, наземная пусковая — ground starter unit operating on mains supply
    - стабилизатора, взлетная — stabilizer takeoff setting
    - стабилизатора, посадочная — stabilizer landing setting
    -, стрелково-пушечная, подвижная — flexible gun
    - трапа (бортового) в рабочее положение — airstairs extension the airstairs extension and retraction is actuated electrically.
    -, турбогенераторная (тг, вспомогательная силовая) — auxiliary power unit (apu)
    -, турбонасосная (тну, гидравлический насос с воздушным приводом) — turbine-driven hydraulic pump
    -, турбохолодильная (тху системы кондиционир. воздуха) — cooling turbine (turb)
    -, турельная (пулеметная) — (gun) turret
    -, ультразвуковая (очистительная ванна) — supersonic bath
    - шага возд. винта — propeller pitch setting
    -, шкворневая (для стрельбы из личного оружия десантников) — gun pivot
    выбор силовой у. — selection of the power plant
    дата у. (изделия) — date installed
    порядок у. — installation procedure
    порядок обратный у. — reverse procedure of installation

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > установка

  • 9 Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)

    SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology
    [br]
    b. 7 January 1920 Calcutta, India
    [br]
    English inventor of the float-glass process.
    [br]
    Pilkington was educated at Sherborne School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in mechanical science. He spent one year at Cambridge followed by war service, which lasted until 1945. He returned to complete his degree and then joined Pilkington, the well-known glass manufacturer at St Helens' Lancashire, in 1947. Sir Alastair is not, however, related to the Pilkington family of glassmakers.
    The forming of perfectly flat glass that retained its fire finish had eluded glassmakers for centuries. Until the 1950s the only way of making really flat glass was to form plate glass by continuous casting between steel rollers. This destroyed the fire finish, which had to be restored by expensive grinding and polishing. The process entailed the loss of 20 per cent of good glass. The idea of floating glass on molten metal occurred to Sir Alastair in October 1952, and thereafter he remained in charge of development until commercial success had been achieved. The idea of floating molten glass on molten tin had been patented in the United States as early as 1902, but had never been pursued. The Pilkington process in essence was to float a ribbon of molten glass on a bath of molten tin in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, to prevent oxidation of the tin. It was patented in Britain in 1957 and in the USA two years later. The first production glass issued from the plant in May 1957, although the first good glass did not appear until July 1958. The process was publicly announced the following year and was quickly taken up by the industry. It is now the universal method for manufacturing high quality flat glass.
    Having seen through the greatest single advance in glassmaking and one of the most important technological developments this century, Sir Alastair became Chairman of Pilkingtons until 1980 and President thereafter.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1970. FRS 1969. Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1991.
    Bibliography
    1969, "Float glass process—the review lecture", Royal Society (13 February). 1975, "Floating windows", Proceedings of the Royal Institution, Vol. 48.
    1976, "Float glass—evolution and revolution over 60 years", Glass Technology, Vol. 17, no. 5.
    1963, "The development of float glass", Glass Industry, (February).
    Further Reading
    J.Jewkes et al., 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)

  • 10 Treadgold, Arthur Newton Christian

    [br]
    b. August 1863 Woolsthorpe, Grantham, Lincolnshire, England
    d. 23 March 1951 London, England
    [br]
    English organizer of the Yukon gold fields in Canada, who introduced hydraulic mining.
    [br]
    A direct descendant of Sir Isaac Newton, Treadgold worked as a schoolmaster, mostly at Bath College, for eleven years after completing his studies at Oxford University. He gained a reputation as an energetic teacher who devoted much of his work to sport, but he resigned his post and returned to Oxford; here, in 1897, he learned of the gold rush in the Klondike in the Canadian northwest. With a view to making his own fortune, he took a course in geology at the London Geological College and in 1898 set off for Dawson City, in the Yukon Territory. Working as a correspondent for two English newspapers, he studied thoroughly the situation there; he decided to join the stampede, but as a rather sophisticated gold hustler.
    As there were limited water resources for sluicing or dredging, and underground mining methods were too expensive, Treadgold conceived the idea of hydraulic mining. He designed a ditch-and-siphon system for bringing large amounts of water down from the mountains; in 1901, after three years of negotiation with the Canadian government in Ottawa, he obtained permission to set up the Treadgold Concession to cover the water supply to the Klondike mining claims. This enabled him to supply giant water cannons which battered the hillsides, breaking up the gravel which was then sluiced. Massive protests by the individual miners in the Dawson City region, which he had overrun with his system, led to the concession being rescinded in 1904. Two years later, however, Treadgold began again, forming the Yukon Gold Company, initially in partnership with Solomon Guggenheim; he started work on a channel, completed in 1910, to carry water over a distance of 115 km (70 miles) down to Bonanza Creek. In 1919 he founded the Granville Mining Company, which was to give him control of all the gold-mining operations in the southern Klondike region. When he returned to London in the following year, the company began to fail, and in 1920 he went bankrupt with liabilities totalling more than $2 million. After the Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation had been formed in 1923, Treadgold returned to the Klondike in 1925 in order to acquire the assets of the operating companies; he gained control and personally supervised the operations. But the company drifted towards disaster, and in 1930 he was dismissed from active management and his shares were cancelled by the courts; he fought for their reinstatement right up until his death.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    L.Green, 1977, The Gold Hustlers, Anchorage, Alaska (describes this outstanding character and his unusual gold-prospecting career).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Treadgold, Arthur Newton Christian

  • 11 אכסדרא

    אַכְסַדְרָא, אַכְסִדְרָא, אַכְסִדְרָהf. (ἐξέδρα, exedra) (Greek) a covered place in front of the house; (Roman) recess, parlor, hall for conversations and discussions. Targ. Jud. 3:23. (Pl. Targ. Ps. 104:3, v. אִינְדְּרָא. B. Bath.11b א׳ דבי רב the hall of the school house (philosophers ex exedra, v. Sm. Ant. s. v.), contrad. to א׳ רומייתא (Ms. Oxf. דרומיתא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10) Roman exedra (open but surrounded by a railing). Ib. 25ab עולם לא׳וכ׳ the world resembles an exedra the northernmost side of which is not covered ( מסוככת Ms. M., ed. מסובבת not surrounded); a. fr.Pl. אַכְסַדְרָאֹות. Tam.28b א׳ של בנין exedras forming, or belonging to, a structure (opp. to open exedra with plants).

    Jewish literature > אכסדרא

  • 12 אַכְסַדְרָא

    אַכְסַדְרָא, אַכְסִדְרָא, אַכְסִדְרָהf. (ἐξέδρα, exedra) (Greek) a covered place in front of the house; (Roman) recess, parlor, hall for conversations and discussions. Targ. Jud. 3:23. (Pl. Targ. Ps. 104:3, v. אִינְדְּרָא. B. Bath.11b א׳ דבי רב the hall of the school house (philosophers ex exedra, v. Sm. Ant. s. v.), contrad. to א׳ רומייתא (Ms. Oxf. דרומיתא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10) Roman exedra (open but surrounded by a railing). Ib. 25ab עולם לא׳וכ׳ the world resembles an exedra the northernmost side of which is not covered ( מסוככת Ms. M., ed. מסובבת not surrounded); a. fr.Pl. אַכְסַדְרָאֹות. Tam.28b א׳ של בנין exedras forming, or belonging to, a structure (opp. to open exedra with plants).

    Jewish literature > אַכְסַדְרָא

  • 13 אַכְסִדְרָא

    אַכְסַדְרָא, אַכְסִדְרָא, אַכְסִדְרָהf. (ἐξέδρα, exedra) (Greek) a covered place in front of the house; (Roman) recess, parlor, hall for conversations and discussions. Targ. Jud. 3:23. (Pl. Targ. Ps. 104:3, v. אִינְדְּרָא. B. Bath.11b א׳ דבי רב the hall of the school house (philosophers ex exedra, v. Sm. Ant. s. v.), contrad. to א׳ רומייתא (Ms. Oxf. דרומיתא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10) Roman exedra (open but surrounded by a railing). Ib. 25ab עולם לא׳וכ׳ the world resembles an exedra the northernmost side of which is not covered ( מסוככת Ms. M., ed. מסובבת not surrounded); a. fr.Pl. אַכְסַדְרָאֹות. Tam.28b א׳ של בנין exedras forming, or belonging to, a structure (opp. to open exedra with plants).

    Jewish literature > אַכְסִדְרָא

  • 14 אַכְסִדְרָה

    אַכְסַדְרָא, אַכְסִדְרָא, אַכְסִדְרָהf. (ἐξέδρα, exedra) (Greek) a covered place in front of the house; (Roman) recess, parlor, hall for conversations and discussions. Targ. Jud. 3:23. (Pl. Targ. Ps. 104:3, v. אִינְדְּרָא. B. Bath.11b א׳ דבי רב the hall of the school house (philosophers ex exedra, v. Sm. Ant. s. v.), contrad. to א׳ רומייתא (Ms. Oxf. דרומיתא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10) Roman exedra (open but surrounded by a railing). Ib. 25ab עולם לא׳וכ׳ the world resembles an exedra the northernmost side of which is not covered ( מסוככת Ms. M., ed. מסובבת not surrounded); a. fr.Pl. אַכְסַדְרָאֹות. Tam.28b א׳ של בנין exedras forming, or belonging to, a structure (opp. to open exedra with plants).

    Jewish literature > אַכְסִדְרָה

  • 15 אנס

    אֲנַסfut. יֵינַס ch. same; 1) to take by force, snatch, rob. Targ. 2 Sam 23:21; a. fr. 2) to oppress, rob (h. עשק). Targ. 1 Sam 12:3; 4; a. fr.Arakh.16a ואזלין ואנסין ליה and they (violent men) go and rob him (or force him to feed them, v. Rashi a. l.). Lev. R. s. 34 (אַנְסִינֹון) אַנְסִינָן אקימנן וב׳ he forced them, made them managers of public charities. 3) (cmp. ענש) to distrain, fine. Targ. Amos. 4:2; a. fr.; v. אָנֹוסָא. 4) to urge, press; restrain. B. Bath.57b one must למֵינַס נפשיה restrain himself (turn his eyes away forcibly). Ḥull.133a א׳ ליה עידניה time pressed him.Part. pass. אָנִיס 1) wronged Targ. Hos. 5:11; a. e. 2) unavoidably prevented, forced, v. preced. Naz.23a מינס א׳ he had no will of his own (being drunk). Ned.27b; a. fr. Af. אֹונֵיס to oppress. Targ. Jer. 7:6 (h. text ינה). Ithpe. אִתְאֲנֵס, אִתְאֲנִיס, contr. אִיתְּנִיס. 1) to be robbed; to be fined, (of official extortion); Targ. Is. 21:2. Lev. R. s. 34 דאנון מארסוון (read דאתון מִתְאַנְּסוּן or דאינון מאנסנון; Yalk. Lev. 665 דאתון מזדמיין, v. זמי) that you will lose through extortion 2) to meet with an accident, be unavoidably prevented. Ned.27a איתניס ולא אתא he met with an accident and did not come in time. Ib. והא מֵינַס איתניס was he not unavoidably prevented (since he died during the appointed time)? Keth.16b אִתְּנוּסֵי הוא דאתניסו they were prevented from forming the bridal procession (prob. alluding to government interference; Rashi: through excessive drinking). איתניס to grow ill, v. אִיתְנִיס a. נְסַס.

    Jewish literature > אנס

  • 16 אֲנַס

    אֲנַסfut. יֵינַס ch. same; 1) to take by force, snatch, rob. Targ. 2 Sam 23:21; a. fr. 2) to oppress, rob (h. עשק). Targ. 1 Sam 12:3; 4; a. fr.Arakh.16a ואזלין ואנסין ליה and they (violent men) go and rob him (or force him to feed them, v. Rashi a. l.). Lev. R. s. 34 (אַנְסִינֹון) אַנְסִינָן אקימנן וב׳ he forced them, made them managers of public charities. 3) (cmp. ענש) to distrain, fine. Targ. Amos. 4:2; a. fr.; v. אָנֹוסָא. 4) to urge, press; restrain. B. Bath.57b one must למֵינַס נפשיה restrain himself (turn his eyes away forcibly). Ḥull.133a א׳ ליה עידניה time pressed him.Part. pass. אָנִיס 1) wronged Targ. Hos. 5:11; a. e. 2) unavoidably prevented, forced, v. preced. Naz.23a מינס א׳ he had no will of his own (being drunk). Ned.27b; a. fr. Af. אֹונֵיס to oppress. Targ. Jer. 7:6 (h. text ינה). Ithpe. אִתְאֲנֵס, אִתְאֲנִיס, contr. אִיתְּנִיס. 1) to be robbed; to be fined, (of official extortion); Targ. Is. 21:2. Lev. R. s. 34 דאנון מארסוון (read דאתון מִתְאַנְּסוּן or דאינון מאנסנון; Yalk. Lev. 665 דאתון מזדמיין, v. זמי) that you will lose through extortion 2) to meet with an accident, be unavoidably prevented. Ned.27a איתניס ולא אתא he met with an accident and did not come in time. Ib. והא מֵינַס איתניס was he not unavoidably prevented (since he died during the appointed time)? Keth.16b אִתְּנוּסֵי הוא דאתניסו they were prevented from forming the bridal procession (prob. alluding to government interference; Rashi: through excessive drinking). איתניס to grow ill, v. אִיתְנִיס a. נְסַס.

    Jewish literature > אֲנַס

  • 17 בירה

    בִּירָהf. (b. h.; ברר, as בִּילָה fr. בלל; cmp. בֵּירִית) cut off, surrounded, whence 1) castle, fort. Gen. R. s. 39; a. fr. 2) a group of buildings forming one residence. B. Bath.61b בית בב׳ גדולה a house in a large residence (court). Bets.25a בטפיחין ובב׳; (ib. 24a. בט׳ בבירות); v. טפיח I, 2. 3) (= בית הבחירה, 1 Chr. 29:1; 19) the chosen Divine residence, Temple. Zeb.119a והא בעי ב׳ does it not require a chosen residence (Deut. 12:18)? Y.Pes.II, 35a top כל הרוכ׳ the whole Temple mount is named Birah; Pesik. R. s. 14. Zeb.XII, 5 (104b) בבית הב׳; v. Gem. a. l.Yoma 9b עידיכם הב׳ your witness is the Second Temple (which has not been rebuilt; Y. ib. I, 38c bot. הבחירה). Ed. VII, 3 בִּירַת הפליא (Ms. M. הפליי׳) Fort Haflaya (?).Pl. בִּירוֹת. Bets.24a, v. supra. Zeb.119a שלש ב׳וכ׳ there are three Divine residences, Shiloh Ch. בִּירְתָא.Denom. בִּרְיוֹן.

    Jewish literature > בירה

  • 18 בִּירָה

    בִּירָהf. (b. h.; ברר, as בִּילָה fr. בלל; cmp. בֵּירִית) cut off, surrounded, whence 1) castle, fort. Gen. R. s. 39; a. fr. 2) a group of buildings forming one residence. B. Bath.61b בית בב׳ גדולה a house in a large residence (court). Bets.25a בטפיחין ובב׳; (ib. 24a. בט׳ בבירות); v. טפיח I, 2. 3) (= בית הבחירה, 1 Chr. 29:1; 19) the chosen Divine residence, Temple. Zeb.119a והא בעי ב׳ does it not require a chosen residence (Deut. 12:18)? Y.Pes.II, 35a top כל הרוכ׳ the whole Temple mount is named Birah; Pesik. R. s. 14. Zeb.XII, 5 (104b) בבית הב׳; v. Gem. a. l.Yoma 9b עידיכם הב׳ your witness is the Second Temple (which has not been rebuilt; Y. ib. I, 38c bot. הבחירה). Ed. VII, 3 בִּירַת הפליא (Ms. M. הפליי׳) Fort Haflaya (?).Pl. בִּירוֹת. Bets.24a, v. supra. Zeb.119a שלש ב׳וכ׳ there are three Divine residences, Shiloh Ch. בִּירְתָא.Denom. בִּרְיוֹן.

    Jewish literature > בִּירָה

  • 19 בניה

    בַּנָּיָה, בַּנָּיָיהI m. ch. = h. בַּנַּאי, builder. Y.Yoma III, 40c; Y.Gitt.VII, 48d bot.; Y.B. Bath.VII, 16c top ב׳ דאורייתא a builder of the law (forming ingenious conclusions).Pl. בַּנָּיִין. Y.Ber.IX, 13a top; v. אוּמַן.

    Jewish literature > בניה

  • 20 בנייה

    בַּנָּיָה, בַּנָּיָיהI m. ch. = h. בַּנַּאי, builder. Y.Yoma III, 40c; Y.Gitt.VII, 48d bot.; Y.B. Bath.VII, 16c top ב׳ דאורייתא a builder of the law (forming ingenious conclusions).Pl. בַּנָּיִין. Y.Ber.IX, 13a top; v. אוּמַן.

    Jewish literature > בנייה

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