form+of+address)

v/t (trennb., hat -ge-)

1. address ( als as; mit with); jemanden mit du / Sie anreden call s.o. du / Sie, use the familiar / polite form of address with s.o.; du musst ihn nicht mit seinem Doktortitel anreden you don’t have to call him by his ( oder use his) doctor’s title, you don’t have to call him Doctor (X)

2. (ansprechen) approach (auf etw. hin about oder on s.th.)

3. (ankämpfen) gegen den Lärm etc. anreden compete against the noise etc.; gegen jemanden anreden argue against s.o.

* * *

to speak to

* * *

1. vt

2. vi

* * *

* * *

I. vt

jdn [mit seinem Namen/mit seinem Titel/mit „Professor“] \anreden to address sb [by his name/by his title/as “Professor”]

II. vi

▪ gegen jdn/etw \anreden to argue against sb, to make oneself heard against [or over] sth

* * *

transitives Verb address

* * *

anreden v/t (trennb, hat -ge-)

1. address (

als as;

mit with);

jemanden mit Du/Sie anreden call sb du/Sie, use the familiar/polite form of address with sb;

du musst ihn nicht mit seinem Doktortitel anreden you don’t have to call him by his ( oder use his) doctor’s title, you don’t have to call him Doctor (X)

2. (ansprechen) approach (

auf etwas hin about oder on sth)

3. (ankämpfen)

gegen den Lärm etc

anreden compete against the noise etc;

gegen jemanden anreden argue against sb

* * *

transitives Verb address

* * *

to address (as) v. v.

to address v.

1 you.

2 you.

* * *

► pronombre

1 (sujeto) you; (objeto) you, yourselves

■ con vosotros with you

■ entre vosotras among yourselves

■ ¿cómo lo sabéis vosotros? how do you know?

\

de vosotros your, yours

■ ¿estos libros son de vosotros? are these your books?

■ creo que esto es de vosotros I think this is yours

* * *

* * *

1) (sujeto) you (familiar form of address)

2) (después de prep, en comparaciones) you

* * *

- tras pronombre personal plural

a) ( como sujeto) you

b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

* * *

= you, ye.

Nota: Forma arcaica.

Ex. I am glad of the opportunity to discuss this subject for several reasons: firstly, I have been interested in it for some time and would like to share some of my thoughts with you.

Ex. 'Haste ye back!' called Derek Law, in his best Scottish brogue.

----

* a vosotros = you.

* con vosotros = with you.

* en cuanto a vosotros = as for you.

* todos vosotros = you all.

* vosotras = ye.

* * *

- tras pronombre personal plural

a) ( como sujeto) you

b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

* * *

= you, ye.

Nota: Forma arcaica.

* * *

[This familiar form of address is not normally used in Latin America or in certain parts of Spain, where ustedes is used as the familiar as well as the polite form]

1 (como sujeto) you

¿quién lo va a hacer? — vosotros who's going to do it? — you (are)

vosotros, niños ¡a la cama! time for bed, children!

hacedlo or ( often in spoken language) hacerlo vosotras, yo estoy muy ocupado you do it, I'm very busy

lo podéis hacer vosotros mismos you can do it yourselves

2 (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

jugaron mejor que vosotros they played better than you (did)

tienen tanto derecho como vosotras they have as much right as you (have)

a vosotros os veré mañana I'll see you tomorrow

con/contra/para vosotros with/against/for you

* * *

◊ - tras pron pers pl Familiar form of address not normally used in Latin America or in certain parts of Spain, where ustedes is used instead you;

* * *

vosotros, -as pron personal Esp

1. [sujeto] you [plural];

vosotros bailáis muy bien you dance very well;

¿quién va primero? – vosotros who's first? – you are;

vosotros los americanos you Americans;

nosotros estamos invitados, vosotros no we're invited, but you're not o but not you;

algunos de vosotros/todos vosotros deberíais ir some of you/all of you ought to go;

tendréis que hacerlo vosotros mismos you'll have to do it yourselves;

hemos aprobado y vosotros también we passed and so did you

2. [predicado] you [plural];

¿sois vosotros? is it you?;

los invitados sois vosotros you're the guests

3. [complemento con preposición o conjunción] you [plural];

os lo ha dicho a vosotros she said it to you;

de vosotros [vuestro] yours;

todo esto es de vosotros all this is yours;

yo iré con vosotros I'll go with you;

son más fuertes que vosotros they're stronger than you (are);

arregladlo entre vosotros sort it out amongst yourselves;

por vosotros me imagino que no habrá ningún problema I imagine there will be no problem as far as you're concerned;

excepto/incluso vosotros except/including you

4. [vocativo] you [plural];

¡eh, vosotros, apartaos de ahí! hey, you (lot), get away from there!

In Spain, there are two ways to express the second person plural: one implies familiarity with the audience ( vosotros) while the other indicates more courtesy (“ustedes”). Vosotros takes the verb in the second person plural, and “ustedes” the third person plural. This double option does not exist in Latin America, where the only form available is “ustedes”, except in the religious liturgy, where the vosotros is sometimes retained.

* * *

vosotros, vosotras

pron pers pl you

* * *

vosotros, - tras pron pl, Spain

1) : you, yourselves

2) : ye

* * *

vosotros pron you

c black adresse [adʀεs]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = domicile) address

• partir sans laisser d'adresse to go without leaving a forwarding address

• je connais quelques bonnes adresses de restaurants I know some good restaurants to go to

• adresse électronique email address

• à l'adresse de ( = à l'intention de) for the benefit of

   b. ( = habileté) skill

• jeu d'adresse game of skill

c black2. compounds

► adresse IP IP address

► adresse réticulaire or universelle URL

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit avec deux d et sans e à la fin.

* * *

1) ( domicile) address

2) ( habileté physique) dexterity

3) ( habileté intellectuelle) skill

4) ( allocution) address

5) ( en lexicographie) headword; ( en sociolinguistique)

6) Informatique address

* * *

1) (= fait d'être adroit) skill, dexterity

2) (= domicile) address

3) INFORMATIQUE address

4)

* * *

adresse nf

1 ( domicile) address; adresse postale postal GB ou mailing US address; c'est une bonne adresse [restaurant, magasin] it's a good place; faire un changement d'adresse to notify one's change of address; partir sans laisser d'adresse to leave without a forwarding address; se tromper d'adresse fig ( de personne) to pick the wrong person, to get the wrong number○ US fig; ( de lieu) to get the wrong address; une remarque lancée à l'adresse de qn a remark directed at sb; a-t-il dit à l'adresse des participants he said for the benefit of the participants;

2 ( habileté physique) dexterity; jongler avec adresse to juggle with dexterity; exercer son adresse au tir to practise^GB one's shooting;

3 ( habileté intellectuelle) skill; avec adresse skilfully^GB;

4 ( allocution) address; adresse retransmise à la télévision address broadcast on TV;

5 Ling ( en lexicographie) headword; ( en sociolinguistique) address; forme or formule d'adresse form of address;

6 Ordinat address.

adresse électronique Ordinat email address, e-mail address; adresse IP Ordinat IP address; adresse réticulaire Ordinat universal resource locator, URL; adresse universelle Ordinat universal resource locator, URL.

[adrɛs] nom féminin

1. [domicile] address

a. [magasin] a good shop (UK) ou store (US)

b. [restaurant] a good restaurant

c. [hôtel] a good hotel

2. [discours] formal speech, address

3. [dans un dictionnaire] headword

4. INFORMATIQUE address

5. [dextérité] skill

6. [subtilité] cleverness, adroitness

répondre avec adresse to give a tactful answer

————————

à l'adresse de locution prépositionnelle

intended for, aimed at

1 you, ye.

2 you.

* * *

* * *

pronombre personal plural [Polite plural form of address also used in Latin American countries as the familiar plural form]

a) ( como sujeto) you

b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

* * *

= you

Ex. I am glad of the opportunity to discuss this subject for several reasons: firstly, I have been interested in it for some time and would like to share some of my thoughts with you.

* * *

pronombre personal plural [Polite plural form of address also used in Latin American countries as the familiar plural form]

a) ( como sujeto) you

b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

* * *

* * *

[ In most of Spain vosotros is the familiar plural form of address but in the rest of the Spanish-speaking world ustedes is used as the familiar as well as the polite form]

1 (como sujeto) you

¿quién lo va a hacer? — ustedes who's going to do it? — you (are)

y ustedes, señores ¿qué desean? what can I do for you, gentlemen?

ustedes mismos lo dijeron you said so yourselves

ustedes no van, no me importa lo que hagan los otros chicos I don't care what the other children are doing, you're not going

2 (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

llegamos después que ustedes we arrived after you (did)

no tienen tantos empleados como ustedes they don't have as many employees as you

¿se lo ofrecieron a ustedes? did they offer it to you?

con/contra/para ustedes with/against/for you

de ustedes (indicando pertenencia) yours

son de ustedes they're yours

* * *

◊ ¿quién lo va a hacer? — ustedes who's going to do it? — you (are);

you. ( Latin American Spanish)

* * *

► pronombre

1 coloquial (usted) thou, you; (Dios) Thou

2 ESPAÑOL AMERICANO (tú) you

* * *

* * *

pronombre personal

1) [Familiar form of address which is widely used instead of tú mainly in the River Plate area and parts of Central America]

a) ( como sujeto) you

b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

c) ( uno) you

2) (arc) (sing) thou (arch or dial); ( con preposiciones) thee (arch or dial); (pl) ye (arch)

* * *

pronombre personal

1) [Familiar form of address which is widely used instead of tú mainly in the River Plate area and parts of Central America]

a) ( como sujeto) you

b) (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

c) ( uno) you

2) (arc) (sing) thou (arch or dial); ( con preposiciones) thee (arch or dial); (pl) ye (arch)

* * *

A [ Familiar form of address which is widely used instead of tú mainly in the River Plate area and parts of Central America]

1 (como sujeto) you

¿quién lo va a hacer? — vos who's going to do it? — you (are)

che, vos ¿esto es tuyo? ( RPl); hey, you, o hey, is this yours?

¿sos vos, Leticia? is that you, Leticia?

vos misma lo dijiste you said so yourself

2 (en comparaciones, con preposiciones) you

más/menos que vos more/less than you

para/sin vos for/without you

3 (uno) you, one ( frml)

te venden las piezas y vos tenés que armarlo they sell you the parts and you have to put it together yourself

B ( arc) ( sing) thou ( archor dial); (con preposiciones) thee ( archor dial); (pl) ye ( arch)

en Vos confío ( Relig) in Thee I trust

* * *

◊ tú mainly in the River Plate area and parts of Central America

◊ ¿quién lo va a hacer? — vos who's going to do it? — you (are);

◊ dan tres opciones y vos elegís you're given three options and you choose one

* * *

vos pron personal

1. [sujeto] you;

¿quién dijo eso? – ¡vos! who said that? – you did!;

vas a tener que hacerlo vos mismo you'll have to do it (all by) yourself

2. [objeto, atributo] you;

¿sos vos? [cuando llaman] is it you?

3. [complemento con preposición o conjunción] you;

entre vos y yo between you and me, just between the two of us;

excepto/según vos apart from/according to you;

hablar o [m5] tratar de vos a alguien = to address sb as “vos”, i.e. not using the formal “usted” form

4. [vocativo]

¡vos, correte! you, get out of the way!, get out of the way, you!

5. [impersonal] you;

vos cuando votás pensás que va a servir de algo when you vote you think it's going to make a difference

* * *

abr (= versión original subtitulada) original language version with subtitles

* * *

vos pron, (in some regions of Latin America) : you

1. du < gen deiner, dat dir, akk dich> [ʼdu:] pron

1) 2. pers sing you;

he, \du da! hey, you there!;

\du, kann ich dich mal was fragen? listen, can I ask you something?;

\du, der \du es erlebt hast you, who has experienced it;

\du bist es it's you;

bist \du das, Peter? is it you Peter?;

mach \du das doch gefälligst selber! do it yourself!;

\du, kannst \du mir mal helfen? hey, can you help me?;

\du, ich muss jetzt aber gehen! look [or listen], I have to go now!;

... und \du? what about you?;

\du...! you...!;

\du Idiot! you idiot!;

mit jdm per \du sein to use the ‘du’ form [or familiar form of address] with sb;

\du [zu jdm] sagen to use the ‘du’ form [or familiar form of address] with sb;

\du, \du! ( fam) watch it

2) ( poet) thou;

sei mir gegrüßt, \du meine Heimat/mein Vaterland! greetings, thou, my homeland/fatherland!

3) ( man) you;

ob \du willst oder nicht,... whether you want to or not [or like it or not],...

2. Du <-[s], -[s]> [ʼdu:] nt

you, ‘du’ (familiar form of address);

jdm das \du anbieten to suggest that sb use the familiar form of address [or uses the ‘du’ form]

X с Y-ом на «ты» - X is on familiar terms with Y

• НА ТЫ с кем быть, переходить, называть кого, обращаться к кому; ГОВОРИТЬ ТЫ кому

[PrepP, Invar, subj-compl with copula or adv (1st var.; VP (2nd var.; subj: human]

=====

⇒ (to address s.o., speak to or with s.o. etc) using the " ты" (informal "you") form of address:

- X с Y-ом на " ты" ≈ X is on familiar terms with Y;

- X addresses Y in the familiar way (fashion, manner);

- X uses the familiar form of address with Y;

- [in limited contexts] X is on a first-name basis with Y;

- X calls Y by Y's first name,

     ♦ Едва поселившись в Павлинове, она уже знала всех соседей, начальника милиции, сторожей на лодочной станции, была на " ты" с молодой директоршей санатория... (Трифонов 4). She'd hardly settled in Pavlinovo when she already knew all the neighbors, the police chief, the watchmen at the wharf, and was on familiar terms with the young directress of the sanatorium... (4a).

     ♦ "Словом ты вы меня вызываете на тесную дружбу, обязывая и меня говорить вам ты" (Гоголь 3). "By addressing me in so familiar a manner, you show your close friendship for me and oblige me to address you in the familiar fashion" (3a).

     ♦... В кухне он называл меня на " вы", и мне это понравилось, а теперь вдруг на " ты" (Каверин 1)....In the kitchen, he had spoken to me in the formal way in which grown-ups are addressed and I had liked it, but now he had suddenly changed to the familiar form (1a).

• НА ТЫ с кем быть, переходить, называть кого, обращаться к кому; ГОВОРИТЬ ТЫ кому

[PrepP, Invar, subj-compl with copula or adv (1st var.; VP (2nd var.; subj: human]

=====

⇒ (to address s.o., speak to or with s.o. etc) using the " ты" (informal "you") form of address:

- X с Y-ом на " ты" ≈ X is on familiar terms with Y;

- X addresses Y in the familiar way (fashion, manner);

- X uses the familiar form of address with Y;

- [in limited contexts] X is on a first-name basis with Y;

- X calls Y by Y's first name,

     ♦ Едва поселившись в Павлинове, она уже знала всех соседей, начальника милиции, сторожей на лодочной станции, была на " ты" с молодой директоршей санатория... (Трифонов 4). She'd hardly settled in Pavlinovo when she already knew all the neighbors, the police chief, the watchmen at the wharf, and was on familiar terms with the young directress of the sanatorium... (4a).

     ♦ "Словом ты вы меня вызываете на тесную дружбу, обязывая и меня говорить вам ты" (Гоголь 3). "By addressing me in so familiar a manner, you show your close friendship for me and oblige me to address you in the familiar fashion" (3a).

     ♦... В кухне он называл меня на " вы", и мне это понравилось, а теперь вдруг на " ты" (Каверин 1)....In the kitchen, he had spoken to me in the formal way in which grown-ups are addressed and I had liked it, but now he had suddenly changed to the familiar form (1a).

• НА ТЫ с кем быть, переходить, называть кого, обращаться к кому; ГОВОРИТЬ ТЫ кому

[PrepP, Invar, subj-compl with copula or adv (1st var.; VP (2nd var.; subj: human]

=====

⇒ (to address s.o., speak to or with s.o. etc) using the " ты" (informal "you") form of address:

- X с Y-ом на " ты" ≈ X is on familiar terms with Y;

- X addresses Y in the familiar way (fashion, manner);

- X uses the familiar form of address with Y;

- [in limited contexts] X is on a first-name basis with Y;

- X calls Y by Y's first name,

     ♦ Едва поселившись в Павлинове, она уже знала всех соседей, начальника милиции, сторожей на лодочной станции, была на " ты" с молодой директоршей санатория... (Трифонов 4). She'd hardly settled in Pavlinovo when she already knew all the neighbors, the police chief, the watchmen at the wharf, and was on familiar terms with the young directress of the sanatorium... (4a).

     ♦ "Словом ты вы меня вызываете на тесную дружбу, обязывая и меня говорить вам ты" (Гоголь 3). "By addressing me in so familiar a manner, you show your close friendship for me and oblige me to address you in the familiar fashion" (3a).

     ♦... В кухне он называл меня на " вы", и мне это понравилось, а теперь вдруг на " ты" (Каверин 1)....In the kitchen, he had spoken to me in the formal way in which grown-ups are addressed and I had liked it, but now he had suddenly changed to the familiar form (1a).

v/t

1. (Buch etc.) give a title to, name; find ( oder decide on) a title for; wie ist die Zeitschrift betitelt? what’s the name ( oder title) of the magazine?, what’s the magazine called?

2. (anreden, nennen) call, address as; wie soll man ihn betiteln? what are you ( oder we) supposed to call him?, how are you ( oder we) supposed to address him?; jemanden mit Professor betiteln address s.o. as ‚Professor’; jemanden falsch betiteln use the wrong form of address with s.o., get s.o.’s title wrong; jemanden mit Schimpfwörtern betiteln swear (and curse) at s.o., call s.o. (rude) names

* * *

to entitle; to title

* * *

* * *

* * *

1. (anreden)

▪ jdn [als etw] \betiteln to address sb [as sth]

er möchte gern[e] [als] Herr Professor betitelt werden he would like to be addressed as ‘Professor’

2. (pej: beschimpfen)

▪ jdn [als [o mit] etw] \betiteln to call sb [sth]

3. (mit Titel versehen)

▪ etw [mit etw dat] \betiteln to [en]title sth [as sth]

* * *

1) give <book etc.> a title

2) s. titulieren

* * *

betiteln v/t

1. (Buch etc) give a title to, name; find ( oder decide on) a title for;

wie ist die Zeitschrift betitelt? what’s the name ( oder title) of the magazine?, what’s the magazine called?

2. (anreden, nennen) call, address as;

wie soll man ihn betiteln? what are you ( oder we) supposed to call him?, how are you ( oder we) supposed to address him?;

jemanden mit Professor betiteln address sb as ‘Professor’;

jemanden falsch betiteln use the wrong form of address with sb, get sb’s title wrong;

jemanden mit Schimpfwörtern betiteln swear (and curse) at sb, call sb (rude) names

* * *

1) give <book etc.> a title

2) s. titulieren

* * *

to entitle v.

1) General subject: (официальная) address (в устной речи или на письме; тж. form of address; к кому-л.), compellation

2) History: style of address

3) Economy: form of address (в деловой переписке)

4) Advertising: message form

5) SAP. form of addr

f

1. (Titel, von Buch etc.) title

2. (Anrede) title, form of address; er legt großen Wert auf korrekte Betitelung he attaches great importance to correct forms of address; er legt großen Wert auf seine korrekte Betitelung he attaches great importance to being correctly addressed; bei Schimpfwörtern: (rude) name

* * *

f -, -en

1) no pl

2) (= Titel) title; (= Anrede) form of address; (= Benennung) name

* * *

Betitelung f

1. (Titel, von Buch etc) title

2. (Anrede) title, form of address;

er legt großen Wert auf korrekte Betitelung he attaches great importance to correct forms of address;

er legt großen Wert auf seine korrekte Betitelung he attaches great importance to being correctly addressed; bei Schimpfwörtern: (rude) name

* * *

titling n.

v/t say ‚du’ to s.o., etwa be on first-name terms with

* * *

* * *

▪ jdn \duzen to address sb as [or with] “Du”, ≈ to be on Christian [or first] name terms with sb

▪ sich akk [von jdm] \duzen lassen to allow sb to be on familiar [or first name] terms with one

▪ sich akk \duzen to be on familiar [or first name] terms with each other

* * *

transitives Verb call <sb> ‘du’ (the familiar form of address)

* * *

duzen v/t say ‘du’ to sb, etwa be on first-name terms with

* * *

transitives Verb call <sb> ‘du’ (the familiar form of address)

vouvoiement [vuvwamɑ̃]

• entre eux, le vouvoiement reste de rigueur they still address each other as "vous" → TUTOIEMENT/VOUVOIEMENT

* * *

nom masculin using the ‘vous’ ou polite form

* * *

* * *

vouvoiement nm using the ‘vous’ ou polite form.

[vuvwamɑ̃] nom masculin

ici, le vouvoiement est de rigueur here people have to address each other as "vous"

f; -, -n

1. address (auch EDV); per Adresse care of (Abk. c / o); an die falsche Adresse geraten sein oder an der falschen Adresse sein come to the wrong place; umg., fig. (anecken) go to the wrong shop, be knocking at the wrong door (Am. auch barking up the wrong tree); (bei jemandem mit etw. to s.o. with s.th.); diese Bemerkung war an deine Adresse gerichtet was directed at ( oder meant for) you; die Opposition richtete eine eindringliche Warnung an die Adresse der Regierung the opposition addressed an urgent warning to the government

2. (Dank-, Grußadresse) (formal) address

3. WIRTS. house, firm; zu den ersten Adressen gehören be a top ( oder first-class) firm ( oder business)

* * *

address

* * *

f -, -n

1) (=Anschrift COMPUT) address

2) (form = Botschaft) address

* * *

* * *

1. (Anschrift) address

2. INFORM address

3. (Name)

eine gute [o feine] \Adresse a leading name

▶ an jds eigene \Adresse gehen [o sich an jds eigene \Adresse richten] (geh: an jdn selbst) to be addressed [or directed] at sb [personally]

▶ bei jdm [mit etw] an der falschen/richtigen \Adresse sein to have addressed [or come to] the wrong/right person [or knocked at the wrong door] [with sth]

▶ bei jdm [mit etw] an die falsche [o verkehrte] /richtige \Adresse geraten (fam) to address the wrong/right person [with sth], to knock at [or come to] the wrong door

▶ sich akk an die falsche/richtige \Adresse wenden (fam) to come [or go] to the wrong/right place [or person], to knock at the wrong/right door

▶ etw an jds \Adresse richten (geh) to address sth to sb

▶ eine Warnung an jds \Adresse richten to issue [or address] a warning to sb, to warn sb

* * *

1) address

2) (geh.): (Botschaft) message

* * *

Adresse f; -, -n

1. address ( auch IT);

per Adresse care of (abk c/o);

an die falsche Adresse geraten sein oder

an der falschen Adresse sein come to the wrong place; umg, fig (anecken) go to the wrong shop, be knocking at the wrong door (US auch barking up the wrong tree); (

bei jemandem mit etwas to sb with sth);

diese Bemerkung

war an deine Adresse gerichtet was directed at ( oder meant for) you;

die Opposition richtete eine eindringliche Warnung an die Adresse der Regierung the opposition addressed an urgent warning to the government

2. (Dank-, Grußadresse) (formal) address

3. WIRTSCH house, firm;

zu den ersten Adressen gehören be a top ( oder first-class) firm ( oder business)

* * *

1) address

2) (geh.): (Botschaft) message

* * *

address n.

your, your own, thy.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 your

■ tu coche your car

■ tus coches your cars

2 RELIGIÓN Thy

* * *

* * *

SM ABR

* * *

adjetivo (delante del n) your

* * *

= you, your, thou.

Nota: Forma arcaica.

Ex. I am glad of the opportunity to discuss this subject for several reasons: firstly, I have been interested in it for some time and would like to share some of my thoughts with you.

Ex. And there is a basis for your belief: money.

Ex. The article ' Thou shalt not read: banned books for children' argues that the obligation of librarians to young adults is to offer a broad range of choices that entertain, comfort, enlighten and inspire them.

----

* entre tú y yo = between you and me, between ourselves.

* tirar piedras contra tu propio tejado = cut + the branch + you sit on.

* tú hazme caso = take it from me.

* tú te lo guisas, tú te lo comes = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* * *

adjetivo (delante del n) your

* * *

= you, your, thou.

Nota: Forma arcaica.

* * *

( delante del n) your

tus amigos your friends

hágase tu voluntad ( Relig) thy will be done

* * *

◊ tús amigos your friends

◊ ¿quién lo va a hacer? — tú who's going to do it? — you are;

◊ te dan varias opciones y tú eliges una you're given several options and you choose one

* * *

tu adj posesivo

your;

tu casa your house;

tus libros your books

* * *

tu, tus

adj pos your

* * *

tu adj

1) : your

tu vestido: your dress

toma tus vitaminas: take your vitamins

2) : thy

tú pron

1) : you

tú eres mi hijo: you are my son

2) : thou

* * *

tu adj your

(Sp. model spelled same [kompáðre] < Latin compatrem 'godfather')

    DARE: 1834. A godfather or, more loosely, a close male friend. The DARE notes that it is common as a familiar term of address. Adams specifically notes that, among cowboys in the Southwest, it referred to a "close friend, partner, companion, or protector." The DRAE glosses it as a godfather and, in Andalusia, Spain, and other parts of Latin America, a way to address friends and acquaintances. Santamaría references it as a form of address between friends or persons of the same social class. Commonly used as a form of address in western literature, films, and songs like "Compadres in the Old Sierra Madres," sung by the CowDaddies, among others.

    Alternate form: compa.

υἱός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘son’

① a male who is in a kinship relationship either biologically or by legal action, son, offspring, descendant

ⓐ the direct male issue of a person, son τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (cp. Mel., P. 8, 53 ὡς γὰρ υἱὸς τεχθείς). Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14) and 25; 10:37 (w. θυγάτηρ); Mk 12:6a; Lk 1:13, 31, 57; 11:11; 15:11 (on this JEngel, Die Parabel v. Verlorenen Sohn: ThGl 18, 1926, 54–64; MFrost, The Prodigal Son: Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1924, 56–60; EBuonaiuti, Religio 11, ’35, 398–402); Ac 7:29; Ro 9:9 (cp. Gen 18:10); Gal 4:22 al. W. gen. Mt 7:9; 20:20f; 21:37ab; Mk 6:3; 9:17; Lk 3:2; 4:22; 15:19; J 9:19f; Ac 13:21; 16:1; 23:16; Gal 4:30abc (Gen 21:10abc); Js 2:21; AcPlCor 2:29. Also ἐγὼ Φαρισαῖός εἰμι υἱὸς Φαρισαίων Ac 23:6 is prob. a ref. to direct descent. μονογενὴς υἱός (s. μονογενής 1) Lk 7:12. ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρωτότοκος (πρωτότοκος 1) 2:7.

ⓑ the immediate male offspring of an animal (Ps 28:1 υἱοὺς κριῶν; Sir 38:25. So Lat. filius: Columella 6, 37, 4) in our lit. only as foal ἐπὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου Mt 21:5 (cp. Zech 9:9 πῶλον νέον).

ⓒ human offspring in an extended line of descent, descendant, son Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ Mt 1:20 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 73); s. 2dα below. υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ (Ἰσραήλ 1) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22 al.; AcPlCor 2:32. οἱ υἱοὶ Λευί (Num 26:57) Hb 7:5. υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 19:9. υἱοὶ Ἀδάμ 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). υἱοι Ῥουβήλ GJs 6:3.

ⓓ one who is accepted or legally adopted as a son (Herodian 5, 7, 1; 4; 5; Jos, Ant. 2, 263; 20, 150) Ac 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10).—J 19:26.

② a pers. related or closely associated as if by ties of sonship, son, transf. sense of 1

ⓐ of a pupil, follower, or one who is otherw. a spiritual son (SIG 1169, 12 οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ=the pupils and helpers [40] of Asclepius; sim. Maximus Tyr. 4, 2c; Just., D. 86, 6 οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν.—Some combination w. παῖδες is the favorite designation for those who are heirs of guild-secrets or who are to perpetuate a skill of some kind: Pla., Rep. 3, 407e, Leg. 6, 769b; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verbi 22 p. 102, 4 Us./Rdm. ῥητόρων παῖδες; Lucian, Anach. 19, Dial. Mort. 11, 1 Χαλδαίων π.=dream-interpreters, Dips. 5 ἱατρῶν π., Amor. 49; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 13 σοφῶν π.): the ‘sons’ of the Pharisees Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19. Peter says Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου 1 Pt 5:13 (perh. w. a component of endearment; s. Μᾶρκος). As a familiar form of address by a cherished mentor Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11; ParJer 5:28; 7:24). υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες B 1:1.

ⓑ of the individual members of a large and coherent group (cp. the υἷες Ἀχαιῶν in Homer; also PsSol 2:3 οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 15; LXX) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin). υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραάμ Ac 13:26. οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5; Ps 11:2, 9; 44:3; TestLevi 3:10; TestZeb 9:7; GrBar 2:4) the sons of men=humans (cp. dγ below) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5; 1 Cl 61:2 (of the earthly rulers in contrast to the heavenly king).

ⓒ of one whose identity is defined in terms of a relationship with a person or thing

α. of those who are bound to a personality by close, non-material ties; it is this personality that has promoted the relationship and given it its character: son(s) of: those who believe are υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ, because Abr. was the first whose relationship to God was based on faith Gal 3:7. In a special sense the devout, believers, are sons of God, i.e., in the light of the social context, people of special status and privilege (cp. PsSol 17:27; Just., D, 124, 1; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 8 ὁ τοῦ Διὸς ὄντως υἱός; Epict. 1, 9, 6; 1, 3, 2; 1, 19, 9; Sextus 58; 60; 135; 376a; Dt 14:1; Ps 28:1; 72:15; Is 43:6 [w. θυγατέρες μου]; 45:11; Wsd 2:18; 5:5; 12:21 al.; Jdth 9:4, 13; Esth 8:12q; 3 Macc 6:28; SibOr 3, 702) Mt 5:45; Lk 6:35; Ro 8:14, 19 (‘Redeemer figures’ EFuchs, Die Freiheit des Glaubens, ’49, 108; against him EHommel in ThViat 4, ’52, 118, n. 26); 9:26 (Hos 2:1); 2 Cor 6:18 (w. θυγατέρες, s. Is 43:6 cited above); Gal 3:26 (cp. PsSol 17:27); 4:6a, 7ab (here the υἱός is the κληρονόμος and his opposite is the δοῦλος); Hb 2:10 (JKögel, Der Sohn u. die Söhne: Eine exeget. Studie zu Hb 2:5–18, 1904); 12:5–8 (in vs. 8 opp. νόθος, q.v.); Rv 21:7; 2 Cl 1:4; B 4:9. Corresp. there are sons of the devil (on this subj. cp. Hdb. on J 8:44) υἱὲ διαβόλου Ac 13:10. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ (masc.) Mt 13:38b. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου ApcPt Rainer. In υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας Mt 23:31 this mng. is prob. to be combined w. sense 1c. The expr. υἱοὶ θεοῦ Mt 5:9 looks to the future (s. Betz, SM ad loc.; cp. KKöhler, StKr 91, 1918, 189f). Lk 20:36a signifies a status akin to that of angels (Ps 88:7; θεῶν παῖδες as heavenly beings: Maximus Tyr. 11, 5a; 12a; 13, 6a.—Hierocles 3, 424 the ἄγγελοι are called θεῶν παῖδες; HWindisch, Friedensbringer-Gottessöhne: ZNW 24, 1925, 240–60, discounts connection w. angels and contends for the elevation of the ordinary followers of Jesus to the status of Alexander the Great in his role as an εἰρηνηποιός [cp. Plut., Mor. 329c]; for measured critique of this view s. Betz, SM 137–42.).

β. υἱός w. gen. of thing, to denote one who shares in it or who is worthy of it, or who stands in some other close relation to it, oft. made clear by the context; this constr. is prob. a Hebraism in the main, but would not appear barbaric (B-D-F §162, 6; Mlt-H. 441; Dssm., B p. 162–66 [BS 161–66]; PASA II 1884, no. 2 υἱὸς πόλεως [time of Nero; on this type of formulation SEG XXXIX, 1864]; IMagnMai 167, 5; 156, 12) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (αἰών 2a) Lk 16:8a (opp. οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός vs. 8b); 20:34. τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοί (to Mediterranean publics the functional equivalent of ἀθάνατοι ‘immortals’; cp. ἀνάστασις 2b) 20:36b. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀνομίας (ἀνομία 1; cp. CD 6:15) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; τῆς ἀπειθείας (s. ἀπείθεια) Eph 2:2; 5:6; Col 3:6; τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:2. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας of Judas the informer J 17:12 (cp. similar expressions in Eur., Hec. 425; Menand., Dyscolus 88f: s. FDanker, NTS 7, ’60/61, 94), of the end-time adversary 2 Th 2:3. υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας (βασιλεία 1bη; s. SEG XXXIX, 1864 for related expressions) Mt 8:12; 13:38a. υἱοὶ βροντῆς Mk 3:17 (s. Βοανηργές). υἱὸς γεέννης (s. γέεννα) Mt 23:15; τ. διαθήκης (PsSol 17:15) Ac 3:25; εἰρήνης Lk 10:6. υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος (s. νυμφών) Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34. υἱὸς παρακλήσεως Ac 4:36 (s. Βαρναβᾶς). υἱοὶ (τοῦ) φωτός (Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4 in gnostic speculation) Lk 16:8b (opp. υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); J 12:36. υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας 1 Th 5:5 (EBuonaiuti, ‘Figli del giorno e della luce’ [1 Th 5:5]: Rivista storico-critica delle Scienze teol. 6, 1910, 89–93).

ⓓ in various combinations as a designation of the Messiah and a self-designation of Jesus

α. υἱὸς Δαυίδ son of David of the Messiah (PsSol 17:21) Mt 22:42–45; Mk 12:35–37; Lk 20:41–44; B 12:10c. Specif. of Jesus as Messiah Mt 1:1a; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; Lk 18:38f.—WWrede, Jesus als Davidssohn: Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 147–77; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 4, Rel.³ 226f; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 68; 72; 77; 84; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 251–56; WMichaelis, Die Davidsohnschaft Jesu usw., in D. histor. Jesus u. d. kerygm. Christus, ed. Ristow and Matthiae, ’61, 317–30; LFisher, ECColwell Festschr. ’68, 82–97.

β. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, υἱὸς θεοῦ (the) Son of God (for the phrase s. JosAs 6:2 al. Ἰωσὴφ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; there is no undisputed evidence of usage as messianic title in pre-Christian Judaism [s. Dalman, Worte 219–24, Eng. tr. 268–89; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 53f; EHuntress, ‘Son of God’ in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era: JBL 54, ’35, 117–23]; cp. 4Q 246 col. 2, 1 [JFitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean ’79, 90–93; JCollins, BRev IX/3, ’93, 34–38, 57]. Among polytheists on the other hand, sons of the gods in a special sense [s. Just., A I, 21, 1f] are not only known to myth and legend, but definite historical personalities are also designated as such. Among them are famous wise men such as Pythagoras and Plato [HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest² 1911, 71ff], and deified rulers, above all the Roman emperors since the time of Augustus [oft. in ins and pap: Dssm., B 166f=BS 166f, LO 294f=LAE 346f; Thieme 33]. According to Memnon [I B.C./ I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 1, 1 Jac., Clearchus [IV B.C.] carried his boasting so far as Διὸς υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνειπεῖν. Also, persons who were active at that time as prophets and wonder-workers laid claim to the title υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, e.g. the Samaritan Dositheus in Origen, C. Cels. 6, 11; sim. an Indian wise man who calls himself Διὸς υἱός Arrian, Anab. 7, 2, 3; cp. Did., Gen. 213, 18 ὁ Ἀβρὰμ υἱὸς θεοῦ διὰ δικαιοσύνην. S. GWetter, ‘Der Sohn Gottes’ 1916; Hdb. exc. on J 1:34; s. also Clemen² 76ff; ENorden, Die Geburt des Kindes 1924, 75; 91f; 132; 156f; EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 1:11 [4th ed. ’50]; M-JLagrange, Les origines du dogme paulinien de la divinité de Christ: RB 45, ’36, 5–33; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 187–208; HBraun, ZTK 54, ’57, 353–64; ANock, ‘Son of God’ in Paul. and Hellen. Thought: Gnomon 33, ’61, 581–90 [=Essays on Religion and the Anc. World II, ’72, 928–39]—originality in Paul’s thought): Ps 2:7 is applied to Jesus υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε Lk 3:22 D; GEb 18, 37.—Ac 13:33; Hb 1:5a; 5:5; 1 Cl 36:4. Likew. Hos 11:1 (w. significant changes): Mt 2:15, and 2 Km 7:14: Hb 1:5b. The voice of God calls him ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (s. ἀγαπητός 1) at his baptism Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; GEb 18, 37 and 39 and at the Transfiguration Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:35 (here ἐκλελεγμένος instead of ἀγαπ.); 2 Pt 1:17. Cp. J 1:34. The angel at the Annunciation uses these expressions in referring to him: υἱὸς ὑψίστου Lk 1:32; GJs 11:3 and υἱὸς θεοῦ Lk 1:35 (Ar. 15, 1 ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου. Cp. Just., A I, 23, 2 μόνος ἰδίως υἱὸς τῷ θεῷ γεγέννηται). The centurion refers to him at the crucifixion as υἱὸς θεοῦ Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; GPt 11:45; cp. vs. 46 (CMann, ET 20, 1909, 563f; JPobee, The Cry of the Centurion, A Cry of Defeat: CFDMoule Festschr. ’70, 91–102; EJohnson, JSNT 31, ’87, 3–22 [an indefinite affirmation of Jesus]). The high priest asks εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:63 (DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’71, 213–26). Passers-by ask him to show that he is God’s Son 27:40; sim. the devil 4:3, 6; Lk 4:3, 9. On the other hand, evil spirits address him as the Son of God Mt 8:29; Mk 3:11; 5:7; Lk 4:41; 8:28; and disciples testify that he is Mt 14:33; 16:16. S. also Mk 1:1 (s. SLegg, Ev. Sec. Marc. ’35).—Jesus also refers to himself as Son of God, though rarely apart fr. the Fourth Gosp.: Mt 28:19 (the Risen Lord in the trinitarian baptismal formula); Mt 21:37f=Mk 12:6 (an allusion in the parable of the vinedressers).—Mt 27:43; Mk 13:32; Rv 2:18. The main pass. is the so-called Johannine verse in the synoptics Mt 11:27=Lk 10:22 (s. PSchmiedel, PM 4, 1900,1–22; FBurkitt, JTS 12, 1911, 296f; HSchumacher, Die Selbstoffenbarung Jesu bei Mt 11:27 [Lk 10:22] 1912 [lit.]; Norden, Agn. Th. 277–308; JWeiss, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 120–29, Urchristentum 1917, 87ff; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 45ff; EMeyer I 280ff; RBultmann, Gesch. d. synopt. Trad.² ’31, 171f; MDibelius, Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums² ’33, 259; MRist, Is Mt 11:25–30 a Primitive Baptismal Hymn? JR 15, ’35, 63–77; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi: E. Studie zu Mt 11:25–30, ’37; WDavies, ‘Knowledge’ in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30, HTR 45, ’53, 113–39; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; JBieneck, Sohn Gottes als Christusbez. der Synopt. ’51; PWinter, Mt 11:27 and Lk 10:22: NovT 1, ’56, 112–48; JJocz, Judaica 13, ’57, 129–42; OMichel/OBetz, Von Gott Gezeugt, Beih. ZNW [Jeremias Festschr.] 26, ’60, 3–23 [Qumran]).—Apart fr. the synoptics, testimony to Jesus as the Son of God is found in many parts of our lit. Oft. in Paul: Ro 1:3, 4, 9; 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; 1 Cor 1:9; 15:28; 2 Cor 1:19; Gal 1:16; 2:20; 4:4; Eph 4:13; Col 1:13; 1 Th 1:10. Cp. Ac 9:20. In Hb: 1:2, 8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3, 28; 10:29. In greatest frequency in John (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 6 the Λόγος as υἱὸς θεοῦ. Likew. Philo, Agr. 51 πρωτόγονος υἱός, Conf. Lingu. 146 υἱὸς θεοῦ.—Theoph. Ant. 2, 1 [p. 154, 12] ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ; Iren. 3, 12, 2 [Harv. II 55, 2]): J 1:49; 3:16–18 (s. μονογενής 2), 35f; 5:19–26; 6:40; 8:35f; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 14:13; 17:1; 19:7; 20:31; 1J 1:3, 7; 2:22–24; 3:8, 23; 4:9f, 14f; 5:5, 9–13, 20; 2J 3, 9.—B 5:9, 11; 7:2, 9; 12:8; 15:5; Dg 7:4; 9:2, 4; 10:2 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ; also ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 22 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1f); IMg 8:2; ISm 1:1; MPol 17:3; Hv 2, 2, 8; Hs 5, 2, 6 (ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀγαπητός); 8; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 2; 3; 5; 5, 6, 1; 2; 4; 7 (on the Christology of the Shepherd s. Dibelius, Hdb. on Hs 5, also ALink and JvWalter [πνεῦμα 5cα]); Hs 8, 3, 2; 8, 11, 1. Cp. 9, 1, 1; 9, 12, 1ff.—In trinitarian formulas, in addition to Mt 28:19, also IMg 13:1; EpilMosq 5; D 7:1, 3.—The deceiver of the world appears w. signs and wonders ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ D 16:4 (ApcEsdr 4:27 p. 28, 32 Tdf. ὁ λέγων• Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ [of Antichrist]).—EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 16–44; GVos, The Self-disclosure of Jesus 1926.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 404–17; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 211–36; MHengel, The Son of God (tr. JBowden) ’76; DJones, The Title υἱὸς θεοῦ in Acts: SBLSP 24, ’85, 451–63.

γ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’ (the pl. form οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων appears freq. in the LXX to render בְּנֵי אָדָם = mortals, e.g. Gen 11:5; Ps 10:4; 11:2; cp. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπολείας J 17:12 [s. 2cβ]) ‘the human being, the human one, the man’ in our lit. only as a byname in ref. to Jesus and in an exclusive sense the Human One, the Human Being, one intimately linked with humanity in its primary aspect of fragility yet transcending it, traditionally rendered ‘the Son of Man.’ The term is found predom. in the gospels, where it occurs in the synoptics about 70 times (about half as oft. if parallels are excluded), and in J 12 times (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 8:31). In every case the title is applied by Jesus to himself. Nowhere within a saying or narrative about him is it found in an address to him: Mt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27f; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:10 [11] v.l.; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:13 v.l., 31; 26:2, 24ab, 45, 64; Mk 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21ab, 41, 62; Lk 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56 v.l., 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7.—John (FGrosheide, Υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρ. in het Evang. naar Joh.: TSt 35, 1917, 242–48; HDieckmann, D. Sohn des Menschen im J: Scholastik 2, 1927, 229–47; HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; 31, ’32, 199–204; WMichaelis, TLZ 85, ’60, 561–78 [Jesus’ earthly presence]) 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27 (BVawter, Ezekiel and John, CBQ 26, ’64, 450–58); 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Whether the component of fragility (suggested by OT usage in ref. to the brief span of human life and the ills to which it falls heir) or high status (suggested by traditions that appear dependent on Da 7:13, which refers to one ‘like a human being’), or a blend of the two dominates a specific occurrence can be determined only by careful exegesis that in addition to extra-biblical traditions takes account of the total literary structure of the document in which it occurs. Much neglected in the discussion is the probability of prophetic association suggested by the form of address Ezk 2:1 al. (like the OT prophet [Ezk 3:4–11] Jesus encounters resistance).—On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46–48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f) s. Bousset, Rel.³ 352–55; NMessel, D. Menschensohn in d. Bilderreden d. Hen. 1922; ESjöberg, Kenna 1 Henok och 4 Esra tanken på den lidande Människosonen? Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 163–83, D. Menschensohn im äth. Hen. ’46. This view is in some way connected w. Da 7:13; acc. to some it derives its real content fr. an eschatological tradition that ultimately goes back to Iran (WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 160–223; Reitzenstein, Erlösungsmyst. 119ff, ZNW 20, 1921, 18–22, Mysterienrel.³ 418ff; Clemen² 72ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man: A Study in the Religious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient 1927); acc. to this tradition the First Man was deified; he will return in the last times and usher in the Kingdom of God.—Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56 (v.l. τοῦ θεοῦ; GKilpatrick, TZ 21, ’65, 209); Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13; sim. allusion to Da in Just., D. 31, 1). The quot. fr. Ps 8:5 in Hb 2:6 prob. does not belong here, since there is no emphasis laid on υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου. In IEph 20:2 Jesus is described as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ. Differently B 12:10 Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Jesus, not a man’s son, but Son of God.—HLietzmann, Der Menschensohn 1896; Dalman, Worte 191–219 (Eng. tr., 234–67); Wlh., Einl.² 123–30; PFiebig, Der Menschensohn 1901; NSchmidt, The Prophet of Nazareth 1905, 94–134, Recent Study of the Term ‘Son of Man’: JBL 45, 1926, 326–49; FTillmann, Der Menschensohn 1907; EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 65ff; HHoltzmann, Das messianische Bewusstsein Jesu, 1907, 49–75 (lit.), Ntl. Theologie² I 1911, 313–35; FBard, D. Sohn d. Menschen 1908; HGottsched, D. Menschensohn 1908; EAbbott, ‘The Son of Man’, etc., 1910; EHertlein, Die Menschensohnfrage im letzten Stadium 1911, ZNW 19, 1920, 46–48; JMoffatt, The Theology of the Gospels 1912, 150–63; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 5–22 (the titles of the works by Wernle and Althaus opposing his first edition [1913], as well as Bousset’s answer, are found s.v. κύριος, end); DVölter, Jesus der Menschensohn 1914, Die Menschensohnfrage neu untersucht 1916; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 247–50; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919 (see also the works by the same author referred to above in this entry); EMeyer II 335ff; HGressmann, ZKG n.s. 4, 1922, 170ff, D. Messias 1929, 341ff; GDupont, Le Fils d’Homme 1924; APeake, The Messiah and the Son of Man 1924; MWagner, Der Menschensohn: NKZ 36, 1925, 245–78; Guillaume Baldensperger, Le Fils d’Homme: RHPR 5, 1925, 262–73; WBleibtreu, Jesu Selbstbez. als der Menschensohn: StKr 98/99, 1926, 164–211; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926; OProcksch, D. Menschensohn als Gottessohn: Christentum u. Wissensch. 3, 1927, 425–43; 473–81; CMontefiore, The Synoptic Gospels² 1927 I 64–80; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, Eng. tr. The Kgdm. of God and the Son of Man, tr. Filson and Woolf² ’43; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 332ff; PParker, The Mng. of ‘Son of Man’: JBL 60, ’41, 151–57; HSharman, Son of Man and Kingdom of God ’43; JCampbell, The Origin and Mng. of the Term Son of Man: JTS 48, ’47, 145–55; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 307–13 (survey and lit.); TManson, ConNeot 11, ’47, 138–46 (Son of Man=Jesus and his disciples in Mk 2:27f); GDuncan, Jesus, Son of Man ’47, 135–53 (survey); JBowman, ET 59, ’47/48, 283–88 (background); MBlack, ET 60, ’48f, 11–15; 32–36; GKnight, Fr. Moses to Paul ’49, 163–72 (survey); TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 237–50; TManson (Da, En and gospels), BJRL 32, ’50, 171–93; TPreiss, Le Fils d’Homme: ÉThR 26/3, ’51, Life in Christ, ’54, 43–60; SMowinckel, He That Cometh, tr. Anderson, ’54, 346–450; GIber, Überlieferungsgesch. Unters. z. Begriff des Menschensohnes im NT, diss. Heidelb. ’53; ESjöberg, D. verborgene Menschensohn in den Ev. ’55; WGrundmann, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Backgrd. of NT Christology, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 81–95; PhVielhauer, Gottesreich u. Menschensohn in d. Verk. Jesu, GDehn Festschr. ’57, 51–79; ESidebottom, The Son of Man in J, ET 68, ’57, 231–35; 280–83; AHiggins, Son of Man- Forschung since (Manson’s) ‘The Teaching of Jesus’: NT Essays (TW Manson memorial vol.) ’59, 119–35; HTödt, D. Menschensohn in d. synopt. Überl. ’59 (tr. Barton ’65); JMuilenburg, JBL 79, ’60, 197–209 (Da, En); ESchweizer, JBL 79, ’60, 119–29 and NTS 9, ’63, 256–61; BvIersel, ‘Der Sohn’ in den synopt. Jesusworten, ’61 (community?); MBlack, BJRL 45, ’63, 305–18; FBorsch, ATR 45, ’63, 174–90; AHiggins, Jesus and the Son of Man, ’64; RFormesyn, NovT 8, ’66, 1–35 (barnasha=‘I’); SSandmel, HSilver Festschr. ’63, 355–67; JJeremias, Die älteste Schicht der Menschensohn-Logien, ZNW 58, ’67, 159–72; GVermes, MBlack, Aram. Approach³, ’67, 310–30; BLindars, The New Look on the Son of Man: BJRL 63, ’81, 437–62; WWalker, The Son of Man, Some Recent Developments CBQ 45, ’83, 584–607; JDonahue, Recent Studies on the Origin of ‘Son of Man’ in the Gospels, CBQ 48, ’86, 584–607; DBurkitt, The Nontitular Son of Man, A History and Critique: NTS 40, ’94 504–21 (lit.); JEllington, BT 40, ’89, 201–8; RGordon, Anthropos: 108–13.—B. 105; DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

   To use the pronoun tu rather than vous - a concept that English-speakers often find hard to master correctly, tutoyer means addressing someone using the familiar singular tu form of the second person pronoun, rather than the more formal vous form. Fifty years ago, in formal family circles, children would address their parents using vous rather than tu; this practice has now more or less completely disappeared, and tutoiement is the common form of address within families and within groups of friends or workplace colleagues who know each other. The change is generational, and President Sarkozy has brought tutoiement right into the formal surroundings of presidential affairs. Vouvoiement (using vous) remains the norm in formal circumstances, when addressing a hierarchical superior, a stranger or someone with whom one has only occasional working relations - though the French are now quite used to speakers of other languages, notably English-speakers, getting it wrong.

   Usage in France varies from usage in Quebec, where speakers often use "tu" as a singular form of "vous" to address each other even in a business context or between strangers.