-
121 Elkington, George Richard
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 17 October 1801 Birmingham Englandd. 22 September 1865 Pool Park, Denbighshire, England[br]English pioneer in electroplating.[br]He was apprenticed to his uncles, makers of metalware, in 1815 and showed such aptitude for business that he was taken into partnership. On their deaths, Elkington assumed sole ownership of the business. In conjunction with his cousin Henry (1810–52), by unrelenting enterprise, he established an industry for electroplating and electrogilding. Up until c.1840, silver-plated goods were produced by rolling or soldering thin sheets of silver to a base metal, such as copper. Back in 1801, the English chemist William Wollaston had deposited one metal upon another by means of an electric current generated from a voltaic pile or battery. In the 1830s, certain inventors, such as Bessemer used this result to produce plated articles and these efforts in turn induced the Elkingtons to apply the method in their trade. In 1836 and 1837 they took out patents for "mercurial gilding", and one patent of 1838 refers to a separate electric current. In 1840 they bought from John Wright, a Birmingham surgeon, his discovery of what proved to be the best electroplating solution: namely, solutions of cyanides of gold and silver in potassium cyanide. They also purchased rights to use the electric machine invented by J.S. Woolrich. Armed with these techniques, the Elkingtons produced in their large new works in Newhall Street a wide range of gold-and silver-plated decorative and artistic ware. Henry was particularly active on the artistic side of the business, as was their employee Alexander Parkes. For some twenty-five years, Britain enjoyed a virtual monopoly of this kind of ware, due largely to the enterprise of the Elkingtons, although by the end of the century rising tariffs had closed many foreign markets and the lead had passed to Germany. George spent all his working life in Birmingham, taking some part in the public life of the city. He was a governor of King Edward's Grammar School and a borough magistrate. He was also a caring employer, setting up houses and schools for his workers.[br]Bibliography1864, Journal of the Royal Society for Arts (29 January).LRDBiographical history of technology > Elkington, George Richard
-
122 ausländische Absatzmärkte
plforeign markets -
123 выборочное обследование
-
124 обследование
-
125 предварительное обследование
1. exploratory survey2. pilot survey3. previewingРусско-английский научный словарь > предварительное обследование
-
126 выборочное обследование
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > выборочное обследование
-
127 шахта для свободного выхода
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > шахта для свободного выхода
-
128 выборочное обследование
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > выборочное обследование
См. также в других словарях:
an issuer of goverment securities on foreign markets — užsienio rinkose išleidžiamų vyriausybės vertybinių popierių platintojas statusas Aprobuotas sritis vertybinių popierių apyvarta apibrėžtis Lietuvos Respublikos ar užsienio valstybės bankas, su kuriuo Finansų ministerija sudaro užsienio rinkoje… … Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)
Foreign trade of Communist Czechoslovakia — Foreign trade played an important role in the Czechoslovak national economy (as opposed to the Soviet Union)./ History and timeline / 1945 1953 The foreign trade enterprises successfully carried out the government s policy of rapidly redirecting… … Wikipedia
Foreign Trade — The foreign markets for Israeli products and even the pattern of industrial growth were shaped by the Arab boycott that precluded the possibility of Israel developing close trade links to the economies of its immediate neighbors. Instead, the… … Historical Dictionary of Israel
Foreign Languages Press — Established on 1 July 1952, the Foreign Languages Press (FLP) is an international comprehensive publishing house editing, translating and publishing foreign language books for readers abroad and textbooks and readings for readers at home. Under… … Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture
Foreign Reports — Inc. is a Washington, D.C. based consulting firm for the oil industry, founded in 1956. [http://www.foreignreports.com/ Foreign Reports] advises energy companies, governments, and financial institutions on world energy issues, with a… … Wikipedia
Foreign-exchange reserves — Foreign exchange Exchange rates Currency band Exchange rate Exchange rate regime Exchange rate flexibility Dollarization Fixed exchange rate Floating exchange rate Linked exchange rate Managed float regime Markets Foreign exchange market Futures… … Wikipedia
Foreign exchange reserves — (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term in popular usage commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve positions.… … Wikipedia
Foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong — Foreign domestic helpers (zh t|t=外籍家庭傭工) in Hong Kong are domestic workers who work in Hong Kong but are from outside of Hong Kong. They make up approximately 3% of the population of Hong Kong and an overwhelming majority of them are women. In… … Wikipedia
foreign aid — foreign aid, adj. economic, technical, or military aid given by one nation to another for purposes of relief and rehabilitation, for economic stabilization, or for mutual defense. Also called aid. [1955 60] * * * Transfer of capital, goods, or… … Universalium
Foreign internal defense — (FID) is used by a number of Western militaries, explicitly by the United States but sharing ideas with countries including France and the United Kingdom, to describe an approach to combating actual or threatened insurgency in a foreign state… … Wikipedia
Foreign branding — is an advertising and marketing term describing the implied cachet or superiority of products and services with foreign or foreign sounding names. Contents 1 Non English brand names in English speaking countries 2 English brand names in non… … Wikipedia