for+short

1 conj. "and" ARsup2/sup, SA, FS, Nam, RGEO:67, CO, LR:47, 56, MC:216, VT43:31, VT44:10, 34; see VT47:31 for etymology, cf. also VT49:25, 40. The older form of the conjunction was az PE17:41. Ar is often assimilated to al, as before l, s PE17:41, 71, but “in written Quenya ar was usually written in all cases” PE17:71. In one case, Tolkien altered the phrase ar larmar “and raiments” to al larmar; the former may then be seen as representing the spelling, whereas the latter represents the pronunciation PE17:175. More complex schemes of assimilation are suggested to have existed in “Old Quenya”, the conjunction varying between ar, a and as depending on the following consonant PE17:41, 71. An alternative longer form of the conjunction, arë, is said to occur "occasionally in Tolkien's later writings" VT43:31, cf. VT48:14. In the Etymologies, the word for "and" was first written as ara VT45:6. – In one source, Tolkien notes that Quenya used ar “as preposition beside, next, or as adverb = and” PE17:145; compare ara. 2 noun "day" PE17:148, apparently short for árë,occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant VT45:27. Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë or ré, q.v.

1 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "he/him, she/her, it" VT49:48, 51, occurring in caris *“he/she/it does” VT49:16, PE17:129, caitas *“it lies” PE17:65, tentanes “it pointed” VT49:26, tulis *”she comes” VT49:19, eques q.v., anes see ná \#1, also in object position in camnelyes, caritas, caritalyas, melinyes, tiruvantes, and utúvienyes, q.v. Tolkien mentions -s as an “objective” ending for the 3rd person sg. in PE17:110. The longer form -së perhaps with personal meaning “he, she” only is said to be “rare” VT49:51; cf. násë “he is”, nésë “he was” see ná \#1. In nésë the ending is suggested to be shortened from -sse VT49:28, an ending that may also be attested in the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where it is perhaps followed by a second pronominal ending -n *”me”. According to PE17:129, the 3rd person sg. ending at one stage appeared as -ze “when pronominal affixes followed” Tolkien citing the form carize-, e.g. apparently *carizet for “he makes them”; normally z would later become r, but it actually became historically: reverted to s by analogy with the short form caris as well as the independent pronoun se. Exilic Quenya would then evidently have e.g. *cariset for “he makes them”, with a rare example of intervocalic s that is not derived from older þ. 2 ending for the mysterious case sometimes called "respective", actually probably a shorter variant of the locative in -ssë. Pl. -is, dual -tes, partitive pl. -lis.

1 vocative particle "O" in a vanimar "O beautiful ones" LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308; also attested repeatedly in VT44:12 cf. 15: A Hrísto *"o Christ", A Eruion*"o God the son/son of God", a Aina Fairë *"o Holy Spirit", a aina Maria *"o holy Mary". 2 conj. "and", a variant of ar occurring in Fíriel's Song that also has ar; a seems to be used before words in f-, but contrast ar formenna *”and northwards” in a late text, VT49:26. According to PE17:41, “Old Quenya” could have the conjunction a as a variant of ar before n, ñ, m, h, hy, hw f is not mentioned, PE17:71 adding ty, ny, hr, hl, ñ, l, r,þ, s. See ar \#1. It may be that the a or the sentence nornë a lintieryanen “he ran with his speed” i.e. as quickly as he could is to be understood as this conjunction, if the literal meaning is *“he ran and did so with his speed” PE17:58. 3, also á, imperative particle. An imperative with “immediate time reference” is expressed by á in front of the verb or “occasionally after it, sometimes before and after for emphasis”, with the verb following in “the simplest form also used for the uninflected ‘aorist’ without specific time reference past or present or future” PE17:93. Cf. a laita te, laita te! "o bless them, bless them!", á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally *"o rule Manwë!" see laita, vala for reference; cf. also á carë *“do!”, á ricë “try!”, á lirë “sing!”, á menë “proceed!”, a norë “run!” PE17:92-93, notice short a in this example, á tula *"come!" VT43:14. In the last example, the verb tul- “come” receives an ending -a that probably represents the suffixed form of the imperative particle, this apparently being an example of the imperative element occurring both “before and after” the verbal stem “for emphasis” PE17:93. This ending may also appear on its own with no preceding a/á, as in the command queta “speak!” PE17:138. Other examples of imperatives with suffixed -a include cena and tira VT47:31, see cen-, tir-; the imperatives of these same verbs are however also attested as á tirë, á cenë PE17:94 with the imperative particle remaining independent and the following verb appearing as an uninflected aorist stem. This aorist can be plural to indicate a 3rd person pl. subject: á ricir! “let them try!” PE17:93. Alyë VT43:17, VT44:9 seems to be the imperative particle a with the pronominal suffix -lyë "you, thou" suffixed to indicate the subject who is to carry out the command; attested in the phrase alyë anta *"give thou" elided aly' in VT43:11, since the next word begins in e-: aly' eterúna me, *"do thou deliver us"; presumably other pronominal suffixes could likewise be added. The particle a is also present in the negative imperatives ala, \#ála or áva, q.v.

partitive pl. ending simply called a plural suffix in the Etymologies, stem LI. The ending is used to indicate a plural that is neither generic e.g. Eldar “the Elves” as a race nor definite preceded by article; hence Eldali is used for “some Elves” a particular group of Elves, when they are first mentioned in a narrative, VT49:8. Sometimes Tolkien also lets -li imply a great number; in PE17:129, the form falmalinnar from Namárië is broken down as falma-uli/u-nnar “foam wave-umany/u-towards-pl. ending”, and falmali by itself Tolkien translated “many waves” PE17:73. A distinct accusative in -līseems to occur in the phrase an i falmalīPE17:127, apparently meaning the same as i falmalinnar, but replacing the allative ending with a preposition. Genitive -lion in vanimálion, malinornélion q.v. for reference, allative -linna and -linnar in falmalinnar, q.v. The endings for other cases are only known from the Plotz letter: possessive -líva, dative -lin, locative -lissë or -lissen, ablative -lillo or -lillon, instrumental -línen, "short locative" -lis. When the noun ends in a consonant, r and n is assimilated before l, e.g. Casalli as the partitive pl. of Casar “Dwarf” WJ:402, or elelli as the partitive pl. of elen “star” PE17:127. It is unclear whether the same happens in monosyllabic words, or whether a connecting vowel would be slipped in before -li e.g. ?queneli or ?quelli as the partitive pl. of quén, quen- “person”.

3 suffix of endearment, attested in Anardilya as an intimate form of the name Anardil UT:174, 418, possibly also occurring in atya "dad", emya "mum" q.v. The forms ataryo "daddy" and amilyë "mummy" q.v. may contain gender-specific variants -yo masc. and -yë fem. 4 pronominal suffix “his” and probably also “her, its”, said to be used in “colloquial Quenya” which had redefined the “correct” ending for this meaning, -rya, to mean “their” because it was associated with the plural ending -r. Hence e.g. cambeya “k” “his hand”, yulmaya “his cup” VT49:17 instead of formally “correct” forms in -rya. The ending -ya was actually ancient, primitive ¤-jā being used for “all numbers” in the 3rd person, predating elaborated forms like -rya. It is said that -ya “remained in Quenya” in the case of “old nouns with consonantal stems”, Tolkien listing tál “foot”, cas “head”, nér “man”, sír “river” and macil “sword” as examples. He refers to “the continued existence of such forms as talya ‘his foot’“, that could apparently be used even in “correct” Quenya VT49:17. In PE17:130, the forms talya “his foot” and macilya “k” “his or their sword” are mentioned. 5 adjectival ending, as in the word Quenya “Elvish” itself; when added to a verbal stem it may derive a kind of short active participle, as in melumatya “honey-eating” mat- “eat”, saucarya “evil-doing” car- “do”. PE17:68

also short nár, noun "flame" NARsup1/sup, Narqelion. Translated "fire" in some names, see Aicanáro, Fëanáro where nár apparently has the masculine ending -o, though in the latter name it may also be the genitive ending since Fëa-náruo/u is translated “Spirit uof/u Fire”. At one point, Tolkien mentioned “nār-“ as the word for “fire as an element” PE17:183. Cf. ruinë as the word for “a fire” a concrete instance of fire in the same source.

1 noun "wool" TOW 2 adv. “thence” for *tao, the pronoun ta “that, it” with the genitive ending -o, here used in an ablativic sense. Also talo, with -lo as a short form of the ablative ending -llo. VT49:29, 11

2 prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" WJ:370 3 prefix "without" ARsup2/sup, AWA. In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" q.v. 4 vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit WJ:370. Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed with the ending -n “I” in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan ávëan, future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t.aunë in the sense “was not”, as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkien’s the text was revised.

ending for the plural form of an unidentified case, by some called "respective" or "short locative" Plotz

1 noun "night, a night" DO3/DŌ, VT45:28 lo 2 prep. “from”, also used = “by” introducing the agent after a passive construction: nahtana ló Turin *“slain by Túrin” VT49:24. A similar and possibly identical form is mentioned in the Etymologies as being somehow related to the ablative ending -llo, but is not there clearly defined VT45:28. At one point, Tolkien suggested that lo rather than the ending -llo was used with proper names lo Manwë rather than Manwello for “from Manwë”, but this seems to have been a short-lived idea VT49:24.

ending for dual "short locative" the exact function of the case is uncertain Plotz

adj. "mortal" PHIR; firima with a short i in VT46:4; also used as noun: Fírima pl. Fírimar "those apt to die", "mortals", an Elvish name of Mortal Men WJ:387. This adj. is also the source of an explicit noun, personalized \#Fírimo = mortal, mortal man. Pl. Fírimor VT49:10-11, dative pl. fírimoin "for men" in Fíriel's Song; cf. also the pl. allative fírimonnar in VT44:35.

noun with pronominal ending "my son" evidently short for *yondonya; the form yonya may be used as a form of address only LR:61

"k", also ce “k” “may be” VT49:19, 27, particle indicating uncertainty VT42:34; ce in Bill Welden's note is a misspelling, VT44:38, but the short form ce does occur in other texts, cf. VT49:18-19. In VT42, Welden wrote that Tolkien altered ké to kwí or kwíta, q.v., but Welden later noted that "it does not follow that because the form was changed in another sentence it would necessarily have been corrected in the examples cited" VT44:38. So cé/ké may still be a conceptually valid form. The forms in kw- rather than qu- seem abnormal for Quenya, at least as far as spelling is concerned. In another conceptual phase, cé was also used = “if” VT49:19, but this conjunction appears as qui elsewhere. Examples of cé, ce meaning “if” said to be “usually used with aorist” include cé mo quetë ulca “k”, “q” *”if one speaks evil”, cé tulis, nauvan tanomë “k” *”if she comes, I will be there” VT49:19, cé mo*“if one…”, ce formenna *“if northwards” VT49:26