-
1 véna
pron. for us, long dative form of ve \# 2, q.v. -
2 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
3 se
1 pron. "he, she, it" also object "him, her, it", 3rd person sg. Used of living things including plants VT49:37; the corresponding inaimate pronoun is sa. The pronoun comes directly from se as the original stem-form VT49:50. Stressed form sé, VT49:51, attested in object position in melin sé I love him VT49:21. Ósë *"with him/her", VT43:29; see ó-. Long dative/allative sena to/for him orat him, VT49:14, allative senna *to him/her VT49:45, 46. Compare the reflexive pronoun insë *"himself, herself". 2, also long sé, preposition "at, in" VT43:30; compare the "locative prefix" se- possibly occurring in an early "Qenya" text, VT27:25 -
4 ni
1 1st person sg. pron. "I" according to PE17:68 also me as object, with long vowel ní when stressed VT49:51, cf. ní nauva next to nauvan for *I will be VT49:19, the former wording emphasizing the pronoun. The pronoun ni represents the original stem-form VT49:50. Dative nin "for me, to me" Arct, Nam, RGEO:67, VT41:11/15. Compare the reflexive pronoun imni, imnë *"myself" and the emphatic pronoun inyë, q.v. The ancient element ni is said to have implied, originally, this by me, of my ?concern VT49:37 -
5 -va
possessive ending, presumably related to the preposition va "from". In Eldaliéva, Ingoldova, miruvóreva, Oroméva,rómeva, Valinóreva q.v. for references, Follondiéva, Hyallondiéva see under turmen for references. Following a consonant, the ending instead appears as -wa andamacilwa of the long sword, PE17:147, rómenwa *of the East, PE17:59. Pl. -vë when governing a plural word from archaic -vai WJ:407, but it seems that -va was used throughout in late Exilic Quenya cf. miruvóreva governing the plural word yuldar in Namárië. Pl. -iva -ivë, dual *-twa, partitive pl. -líva. -
6 mi
prep. "in, within" MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi; mí "in the" Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply in. Used in PE17:71 cf. 70 of people clad in various colours, e.g. mi mísë in grey. Allative minna "to the inside, into" MI, also mina VT43:30. The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead see -mmë. Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" sg., millë "in you" pl. VT43:36. A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" VT44:18; here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class. -
7 fangë
noun "long beard" GL:34; this is Qenya for later fanga. -
8 cú
"k" noun "arch, crescent" KU3; "crescent Moon" LT1:271; the long vowel was denoted by a circumflex rather than an accent in the early "Qenya" lexicon. In Sindarin, the same word can be used for a bow as used to shoot arrows but possibly this is only quinga in Quenya. -
9 cirya
"k"noun "ship" MC:213, 214, 220, 221, "sharp-prowed ship" SA:kir-, where the word is misspelt círya with a long í; Christopher Tolkien probably confused it with the first element of the Sindarin name Círdan. It seems that Círyon, the name of Isildur's son, is likewise misspelt; read Ciryon as in the index and the main text of the Silmarillion. Cf. also kirya in Etym, stem KIR. Also in Markirya. In the Plotz letter, cirya is inflected for all cases except plural possessive *ciryaiva. The curious dual form ciriat occurs in Letters:427, whereas Plotz gives the expected form ciryat. Locative ciryasse "upon a ship" MC:216. Compounded in ciryaquen "shipman, sailor" WJ:372, also ciryando PE17:58, cf. also ciryamo mariner UT:8. Masc. names Ciryaher *"Ship-lord" Appendix A, Ciryandil *"Ship-friend" Appendix A, Ciryatan *"Ship-builder" Appendix A, also Tar-Ciryatan, name of a Númenórean king, "King Shipbuilder" SA:kir- -
10 nólë
ñ noun "long study of any subject, lore, knowledge" SA:gûl, also WJ:383 and MR:350, there spelt ñóle, the earlier pronunciation. In the Etymologies, stem ÑGOL, the gloss is "wisdom". Compare Nólion. At one point, Tolkien was dissatisfied with ÑGOL as the stem for wisdom and introduced the form núlë q.v. of slightly dissimilar meaning PE17:125. -
11 -ndil
ending that Tolkien likened to Old English "-wine", sc. "-friend" as part of names, e.g. Elendil, Eärendil NIL/NDIL; see the entry -ndil. Also long -dildo VT46:4, and possibly -ndilmë as the corresponding feminine form see Vardilmë. also -dil ending occurring in many names, like Amandil, Eärendil; it implies devotion or disinterested love and may be translated "friend" SA:noundil; this ending is "describing the attitude of one to a person, thing, course or occupation to which one is devoted for its own sake" Letters:386. Compare -ndur. It is unclear whether the names derived with the ending -ndil are necessarily masculine, though we have no certain example of a woman's name in -ndil; the name Vardilmë q.v. may suggest that the corresponding feminine ending is -ndilmë. -
12 yén
noun, Elvish "long year" of 144 solar years, 52,596 days Nam, Appendix D, E; RGEO:66. Tolkien earlier defined yén as 100 solar years; see PM:126. In the Etymologies, stem YEN, it seems to mean simply "year", but in the LotR Appendices the word for "year" instead appears as loa or coranar, q.v. Yénonótië *"reckoning of years" MR:51. Pl. yéni in Nam and Etym, entry YEN though the plural form is misread as "yen-" in the printed version of the Etymologies, cf. VT46:23. Yéni pa yéni *years upon years VT44:36. Pl. genitive yénion in yénion yéni "ages of ages" VT44:36 -
13 milya-
2 vb. "long for" MIL-IK -
14 -n
1 dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă to, related to the allative ending -nna VT49:14. Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon q.v. and also added to the English name Elaine Elainen in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths VT49:40. The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna q.v., also in the noun mariéna from márië goodness PE17:59. Pl. -in as in hínin, see hína, partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt Plotz. The preposition ana \#1 is said to be used when purely dative formula is required PE17:147, perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for to God. In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n or -en expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200. 2, also -nyë, pronominal ending, 1st person sg. "I" VT49:51, as in utúlien "I am come" EO, cainen I lay VT48:12-13, carin or carinyë I do VT49:16, veryanen *I married VT49:45. See also VT49:48. Long form -nye- with object ending -s it following in utúvienyes see tuv-. A possible attestation of -n in object position me is provided by the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where -n may be preceded by -sse- as a longer form of the 3rd person sg. ending -s see -s \#1. 3 a plural sign used in some of the case endings WJ:407: Pl. genitive -on, pl. ablative -llon but also -llor, pl. locative -ssen.
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