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21 Ш-65
ВО ВСЮ ШИРЬ PrepP Invar adv fixed WO1. very broadly, without boundsto its full widthin all its vastness.Во всю ширь раскинулась приволжская степь. The steppes of the Volga stretched out in all their vastness.2. развернуться, развернуть что \Ш-65 и т. п. (in refer, to the development of some matter, s.o. 's displaying his qualities etc) as fully as possibleto the fullestin full measure to the full(est) extent. -
22 во всю ширь
[PrepP; Invar; adv; fixed WO]=====1. very broadly, without bounds:- in all its vastness.♦ Во всю ширь раскинулась приволжская степь. The steppes of the Volga stretched out in all their vastness.2. развернуться, развернуть что во всю ширь и т.п. (in refer, to the development of some matter, s.o.'s displaying his qualities etc) as fully as possible:- to the full(est) extent.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > во всю ширь
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23 записывающая головка
1. record headфотометрическая головка, головка фотометра — photometer head
2. recording headголовка и хвостик ; верхний и нижний обрезы — head and tail
зазор головки; зазор между головкой и носителем — head gap
3. write head4. writing headРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > записывающая головка
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24 Feeler
A full-width pattern, half-yard or more, sent out to show cloth. Feelers are usually fixed inside pattern cards, and small cuttings of designs or colourings are pasted on the folds of the cards. The term feeler is also applied to the finger used on automatic weft replenishing looms for detecting exhaustion of the weft on the pirn in the shuttle. -
25 Perching
A process for raising a nap on the back of heavy cotton fabrics such as moleskins, swansdown, etc. In the wool trade this term refers to the examination of fabrics in the open width, in a good light. The cloth is drawn over a "perch" or long roller fixed near to a window when all faults are shown up. The faults are repaired and imperfections made good by picking, hurling and mending. The perching is done before finishing. Picking consists in removing from the face of the cloth all hairs, kemps, straws, etc. Burling is removing from the back of the cloth all slubs, straws, etc., drawing out thick threads of warp and weft, opening the knots, and pushing loose ends and curls on to the back so that the face is clear of all irregularities. Mending is the inserting of yarn in places where threads of warp or weft are missing from the cloth. -
26 Poniatoff, Alexander Mathew
[br]b. 25 March 1892 Kazan District, Russiad. 24 October 1980[br]Russian (naturalized American in 1932) electrical engineer responsible for the development of the professional tape recorder and the first commercially-successful video tape recorder (VTR).[br]Poniatoff was educated at the University of Kazan, the Imperial College in Moscow, and the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe, gaining degrees in mechanical and electrical engineering. He was in Germany when the First World War broke out, but he managed to escape back to Russia, where he served as an Air Force pilot with the Imperial Russian Navy. During the Russian Revolution he was a pilot with the White Russian Forces, and escaped into China in 1920; there he found work as an assistant engineer in the Shanghai Power Company. In 1927 he immigrated to the USA, becoming a US citizen in 1932. He obtained a post in the research and development department of the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York, and later at Dalmo Victor, San Carlos, California. During the Second World War he was involved in the development of airborne radar for the US Navy.In 1944, taking his initials to form the title, Poniatoff founded the AMPEX Corporation to manufacture components for the airborne radar developed at General Electric, but in 1946 he turned to the production of audio tape recorders developed from the German wartime Telefunken Magnetophon machine (the first tape recorder in the truest sense). In this he was supported by the entertainer Bing Crosby, who needed high-quality replay facilities for broadcasting purposes, and in 1947 he was able to offer a professional-quality product and the business prospered.With the rapid post-war boom in television broadcasting in the USA, a need soon arose for a video recorder to provide "time-shifting" of live TV programmes between the different US time zones. Many companies therefore endeavoured to produce a video tape recorder (VTR) using the same single-track, fixed-head, longitudinal-scan system used for audio, but the very much higher bandwidth required involved an unacceptably high tape-speed. AMPEX attempted to solve the problem by using twelve parallel tracks and a machine was demonstrated in 1952, but it proved unsatisfactory.The development team, which included Charles Ginsburg and Ray Dolby, then devised a four-head transverse-scan system in which a quadruplex head rotating at 14,400 rpm was made to scan across the width of a 2 in. (5 cm) tape with a tape-to-head speed of the order of 160 ft/sec (about 110 mph; 49 m/sec or 176 km/h) but with a longitudinal tape speed of only 15 in./sec (0.38 m/sec). In this way, acceptable picture quality was obtained with an acceptable tape consumption. Following a public demonstration on 14 April 1956, commercial produc-tion of studio-quality machines began to revolutionize the production and distribution of TV programmes, and the perfecting of time-base correctors which could stabilize the signal timing to a few nanoseconds made colour VTRs a practical proposition. However, AMPEX did not rest on its laurels and in the face of emerging competition from helical scan machines, where the tracks are laid diagonally on the tape, the company was able to demonstrate its own helical machine in 1957. Another development was the Videofile system, in which 250,000 pages of facsimile could be recorded on a single tape, offering a new means of archiving information. By 1986, quadruplex VTRs were obsolete, but Poniatoff's role in making television recording possible deserves a place in history.Poniatoff was President of AMPEX Corporation until 1955 and then became Chairman of the Board, a position he held until 1970.[br]Further ReadingA.Abrahamson, 1953, "A short history of television recording", Part I, JSMPTE 64:73; 1973, Part II, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 82:188 (provides a fuller background).Audio Biographies, 1961, ed. G.A.Briggs, Wharfedale Wireless Works, pp. 255–61 (contains a few personal details about Poniatoff's escape from Germany to join the Russian Navy).E.Larsen, 1971, A History of Invention.Charles Ginsburg, 1981, "The horse or the cowboy. Getting television on tape", Journal of the Royal Television Society 18:11 (a brief account of the AMPEX VTR story).KF / GB-NBiographical history of technology > Poniatoff, Alexander Mathew
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27 measure
بَلَغَ (طُولُه، إلخ) كذا \ measure: to have a certain size, etc., when measured: This table measures two metres in length. \ كَالَ \ measure: to find the size or amount of sth.: We measured (the length or width of) the field with a line marked in metres. We measure time with a clock. \ See Also قاس (قَاسَ) \ مِكْيَال \ measure: a line or container of known size, with which other things may be measured: a tape measure. \ وَحْدَة قِيَاس \ measure: a fixed size or amount by which other sizes or amounts are calculated: A metre is a measure of length. A litre is a measure of liquid quantity.
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