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1 Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
Abbreviation: FRCSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
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2 Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Abbreviation: FRSPSC (член Королевской коллегии врачей и хирургов Канады)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
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3 Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
Abbreviation: FRCVSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
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4 Lister, Joseph, Baron Lister
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 5 April 1827 Upton, Essex, Englandd. 10 February 1912 Walmer, Kent, England[br]English surgeon, founder of the antiseptic and aseptic principles of surgical practice.[br]Of Quaker stock, his father also being a Fellow of the Royal Society, he studied medicine at University College, London. He qualified, and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1852. Wishing to pursue a surgical career, he moved to Edinburgh to study surgery under William Syme, whose daughter he married in 1852, the same year he was appointed Assistant Surgeon to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.Until his appointment as Regius Professor of Surgery at Glasgow University and Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1861, he was engaged in a wide variety of investigations into the nature of inflammation and the effects of irritants on wounds. Following his move to Glasgow, he became particularly involved in the major problems arising out of the vast increase in the number of surgical procedures brought about by the recent introduction of general anaesthesia. By 1865 his continuing study of wound inflammation and the microbial studies of Pasteur had led him to institute in the operating theatre a regime of surgical antisepsis involving the use of a carbolic acid spray coupled with the sterilization of instruments, the site of operation and the hands of the operator. Increasingly it was appreciated that the air was the least important origin of infection, and by 1887 the antiseptic approach had been superseded by the aseptic.In 1869 he succeeded Syme in the Chair at Edinburgh and his methods were widely accepted abroad. In 1877 he moved to the Chair of Surgery at King's College Hospital, London, in the hope of encouraging acceptance of his work in the metropolis. As well as developing a variety of new surgical procedures, he was engaged for many years in the development of surgical ligatures, which had always been a potent stimulant of infection. His choice of catgut as a sterilizable, absorbable material paved the way for major developments in this field. The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine was named in his honour in 1903.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Baronet 1883. Baron 1897. Order of Merit 1902. President, Royal Society 1895– 1900.Bibliography1870, "On the effects of the antiseptic system of treatment upon the salubrity of a surgical hospital", Lancet.1859, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.1863, Croonian Lecture.1881, 1900, Transactions of the International Medical Congress.Further ReadingR.J.Godlee, 1924, Lord Lister.1927, Lister Centenary Handbook, London: Wellcome Historical Medical Museum. H.C.Cameron, 1948, Joseph Lister, the Friend of Man.MGBiographical history of technology > Lister, Joseph, Baron Lister
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5 Charnley, John
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 29 August 1911 Bury, Lancashire, Englandd. 5 August 1982 Lancashire, England[br]English orthopedic surgeon, pioneer of ultra-clean-air operating-theatre environments and of total hip-joint replacement.[br]During his medical training at Manchester he qualified for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons and obtained his FRCS in 1936, within a year of becoming medically qualified. Following military service as an orthopaedic specialist, he was appointed a consultant at the Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1947.Charnley investigated the problems of joint lubrication using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a series of 300 initially successful cases laid the foundation for further developments, involving total hip-joint replacement, when in 1962 high-density polythene became available as a suitable inert material. The need for a totally sterile operating environment in which to carry out such procedures led him to develop ultra-clean-air operating-theatre modules which proved to have wide application in relation to other surgical disciplines and to the problems of hospital building. To further these principles he resigned from the Royal Infirmary and was the guiding spirit in the establishment of the centre for hip surgery at Wrightington Hospital in Lancashire, which gained wide international recognition.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1977. FRS 1964. Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. British Medical Association Gold Medal 1978.Bibliography1961, "Arthroplasty of the hip", Lancet.1974, Wound Infection after Hip Replacement Performed in a Clean-Air Operating Room, Wrightington.1970, Acrylic Cement in Orthopaedic Surgery, Baltimore.MG -
6 FRCS
f. & m.FRCS, fellow of Royal College of Surgeons, fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. -
7 член Королевского хирургического колледжа
General subject: Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Великобритания)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > член Королевского хирургического колледжа
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8 член королевского колледжа хирургии великобритании
Laser medicine: FRCS-fellow of the royal college of surgeons of englandУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > член королевского колледжа хирургии великобритании
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9 член общества королевского колледжа хирургии Великобритании, прошедший специальный курс в области пластической хирургии
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > член общества королевского колледжа хирургии Великобритании, прошедший специальный курс в области пластической хирургии
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10 زميل الكلية الملكية للجراحين
1. F. R. C. S. 2. Fellow of the Royal College of SurgeonsArabic-English Medical Dictionary > زميل الكلية الملكية للجراحين
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11 Cruickshank, William
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]d. 1810/11 Scotland[br]Scottish chemist and surgeon, inventor of a trough battery developed from Volta's pile.[br]Cruickshank graduated MA from King's College, Aberdeen, in 1765, and later gained a Diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons. When chemistry was introduced in 1788 into the course at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, Cruickshank became a member of staff, serving as Assistant to Dr A.Crawford, the Lecturer in Chemistry. Upon Crawford's death in 1796 Cruickshank succeeded him as Lecturer and held the post until his retirement due to ill health in 1804. He also held the senior posts of Chemist to the Ordnance at Woolwich and Surgeon to the Ordnance Medical Department. He should not be confused with William Cumberland Cruickshank (1745–1800), who was also a surgeon and Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1801, shortly after Volta's announcement of his pile, Cruickshank built a voltaic pile to facilitate his experiments in electrochemistry. The pile had zinc and silver plates about 1½ in2 (10 cm2) with interposed papers moistened with ammonium chloride. Dissatisfied with this arrangement, Cruickshank devised a horizontal trough battery in which a wooden box was divided into cells, each holding a pair of zinc and silver or zinc and copper plates. Charged with a dilute solution of ammonium chloride, the battery, which was typically of sixty cells, was found to be more convenient to use than a pile and it, or a derivative, was generally adopted for electrochemical experiments including tose of Humphrey Davy during the early years of the nineteenth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1802.Bibliography1801, article in Nicholsons Journal 4:187–91 (describes Cruickshank's original pile). 1801, article in Nicholsons Journal 4:245–64 (describes his trough battery).Further ReadingB.Bowers, 1982, A History of Electric Light and Power, London (a short account). A.Courts, 1959, "William Cruickshank", Annals of Science 15:121–33 GW -
12 medlem
* * *subst. member subst. [ av en lærd el. akademisk forening også] fellow (f.eks.of the Royal Society, of the Royal Academy, of the Royal College of Surgeons
) subst. [ med begrensete rettigheter i forhold til en 'fellow'] associate (passivt medlem) associate member -
13 член Королевского колледжа ветеринарных хирургов
General subject: Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (Великобритания)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > член Королевского колледжа ветеринарных хирургов
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14 زميل الكلية الملكية للجراحين البيطريين
1. FRCVS 2. Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary SurgeonsArabic-English Medical Dictionary > زميل الكلية الملكية للجراحين البيطريين
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15 Lind, James
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 1716 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 13 July 1794 Gosport, England[br]Scottish physician and naval surgeon whose studies and investigations led to significant improvements in the living conditions on board ships; the author of the first treatise on the nature and prevention of scurvy.[br]Lind was registered in 1731 as an apprentice at the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh. By 1739 he was serving as a naval surgeon in the Mediterranean and during the ensuing decade he experienced conditions at sea off Guinea, the West Indies and in home waters. He returned to Edinburgh, taking his MD in 1748, and in 1750 was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh, becoming the Treasurer in 1757. In 1758 he was appointed Physician to the Naval Hospital at Haslar, Gosport, near Portsmouth, a post which he retained until his death.He had been particularly struck by the devastating consequences of scurvy during Anson's circumnavigation of the globe in 1740. At least 75 per cent of the crews had been affected (though it should be borne in mind that a considerable number of them were pensioners and invalids when posted aboard). Coupled with his own experiences, this led to the publication of A Treatise on the Scurvy, in 1754. Demonstrating that this condition accounted for many more deaths than from all the engagements with the French and Spanish in the current wars, he made it clear that by appropriate measures of diet and hygiene the disease could be entirely eliminated.Further editions of the treatise were published in 1757 and 1775, and the immense importance of his observations was immediately recognized. None the less, it was not until 1795 that an Admiralty order was issued on the supply of lime juice to ships. The efficacy of lime juice had been known for centuries, but it was Lind's observations that led to action, however tardy; that for economic reasons the relatively ineffective West Indian lime juice was supplied was in no way his responsibility. It is of interest that there is no evidence that Captain James Cook (1728–79) had any knowledge of Lind's work when arranging his own anti-scorbutic precautions in preparation for his historic first voyage.Lind's other work included observations on typhus, the proper ventilation of ships at sea, and the distilation of fresh from salt water.[br]Bibliography1754, A Treatise on the Scurvy, Edinburgh.1757, An Essay on the most effectual means of Preserving the Health of Seamen in the Royal Navy, Edinburgh.1767, An Essay on Diseases incidental to Europeans in Hot Climates, Edinburgh.Further ReadingL.Roddis, 1951, James Lind—Founder of Nautical Medicine. Records of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Records of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.MG -
16 Murphy, John Benjamin
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 21 December 1857 Appleton, Wisconsin, USAd. 11 August 1916 Mackinac, Michigan, USA[br]American surgeon, pioneer of intestinal anastomosis and proponent of joint replacement.[br]Murphy qualified in 1879 at Rush Medical College. After postgraduate study in Vienna, he returned to Chicago and was appointed Professor of Surgery at Northwestern University. He pioneered surgical techniques in the pneumothoracic, biliary and gastrointestinal systems with the invention of the Murphy "button" for intestinal anastomosis. He also originated a procedure for the replacement of infected joints utilizing a living graft of fascial tissue. He was described by W.J. Mayo as "the surgical genius of our century".[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnight Commander of the Order of St Gregory 1910. Hon. Fellow, Royal College of Surgeons 1913. Laetare Medal, Notre Dame University 1902.Bibliography1897, "Resection of arteries and veins injured in continuity", Medical Record, New York.Further ReadingKelly \& Burrage, 1928, The Surgical Clinics of John B.Murphy MD at Mercy Hospital, Chicago.MG
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