-
121 EISA
сокр. от Extended Industry Standard Architecture; extended ISAрасширенный промышленный стандарт шинной архитектуры; расширенная архитектура промышленного стандарта; архитектура EISA -
122 Leonardo da Vinci
[br]b. 15 April 1452 Vinci, near Florence, Italy,d. 2 May 1519 St Cloux, near Amboise, France.[br]Italian scientist, engineer, inventor and artist.[br]Leonardo was the illegitimate son of a Florentine lawyer. His first sixteen years were spent with the lawyer's family in the rural surroundings of Vinci, which aroused in him a lifelong love of nature and an insatiable curiosity in it. He received little formal education but extended his knowledge through private reading. That gave him only a smattering of Latin, a deficiency that was to be a hindrance throughout his active life. At sixteen he was apprenticed in the studio of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence, where he received a training not only in art but in a wide variety of crafts and technical arts.In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan, where he sought and obtained employment with Ludovico Sforza, later Duke of Milan, partly to sculpt a massive equestrian statue of Ludovico but the work never progressed beyond the full-scale model stage. He did, however, complete the painting which became known as the Virgin of the Rocks and in 1497 his greatest artistic achievement, The Last Supper, commissioned jointly by Ludovico and the friars of Santa Maria della Grazie and painted on the wall of the monastery's refectory. Leonardo was responsible for the court pageants and also devised a system of irrigation to supply water to the plains of Lombardy. In 1499 the French army entered Milan and deposed Leonardo's employer. Leonardo departed and, after a brief visit to Mantua, returned to Florence, where for a time he was employed as architect and engineer to Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna. Around 1504 he completed another celebrated work, the Mona Lisa.In 1506 Leonardo began his second sojourn in Milan, this time in the service of King Louis XII of France, who appointed him "painter and engineer". In 1513 Leonardo left for Rome in the company of his pupil Francesco Melzi, but his time there was unproductive and he found himself out of touch with the younger artists active there, Michelangelo above all. In 1516 he accepted with relief an invitation from King François I of France to reside at the small château of St Cloux in the royal domain of Amboise. With the pension granted by François, Leonardo lived out his remaining years in tranquility at St Cloux.Leonardo's career can hardly be regarded as a success or worthy of such a towering genius. For centuries he was known only for the handful of artistic works that he managed to complete and have survived more or less intact. His main activity remained hidden until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, during which the contents of his notebooks were gradually revealed. It became evident that Leonardo was one of the greatest scientific investigators and inventors in the history of civilization. Throughout his working life he extended a searching curiosity over an extraordinarily wide range of subjects. The notes show careful investigation of questions of mechanical and civil engineering, such as power transmission by means of pulleys and also a form of chain belting. The notebooks record many devices, such as machines for grinding and polishing lenses, a lathe operated by treadle-crank, a rolling mill with conical rollers and a spinning machine with pinion and yard divider. Leonardo made an exhaustive study of the flight of birds, with a view to designing a flying machine, which obsessed him for many years.Leonardo recorded his observations and conclusions, together with many ingenious inventions, on thousands of pages of manuscript notes, sketches and drawings. There are occasional indications that he had in mind the publication of portions of the notes in a coherent form, but he never diverted his energy into putting them in order; instead, he went on making notes. As a result, Leonardo's impact on the development of science and technology was virtually nil. Even if his notebooks had been copied and circulated, there were daunting impediments to their understanding. Leonardo was left-handed and wrote in mirror-writing: that is, in reverse from right to left. He also used his own abbreviations and no punctuation.At his death Leonardo bequeathed his entire output of notes to his friend and companion Francesco Melzi, who kept them safe until his own death in 1570. Melzi left the collection in turn to his son Orazio, whose lack of interest in the arts and sciences resulted in a sad period of dispersal which endangered their survival, but in 1636 the bulk of them, in thirteen volumes, were assembled and donated to the Ambrosian Library in Milan. These include a large volume of notes and drawings compiled from the various portions of the notebooks and is now known as the Codex Atlanticus. There they stayed, forgotten and ignored, until 1796, when Napoleon's marauding army overran Italy and art and literary works, including the thirteen volumes of Leonardo's notebooks, were pillaged and taken to Paris. After the war in 1815, the French government agreed to return them but only the Codex Atlanticus found its way back to Milan; the rest remained in Paris. The appendix to one notebook, dealing with the flight of birds, was later regarded as of sufficient importance to stand on its own. Four small collections reached Britain at various times during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; of these, the volume in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle is notable for its magnificent series of anatomical drawings. Other collections include the Codex Leicester and Codex Arundel in the British Museum in London, and the Madrid Codices in Spain.Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Leonardo's true stature as scientist, engineer and inventor began to emerge, particularly with the publication of transcriptions and translations of his notebooks. The volumes in Paris appeared in 1881–97 and the Codex Atlanticus was published in Milan between 1894 and 1904.[br]Principal Honours and Distinctions"Premier peintre, architecte et mécanicien du Roi" to King François I of France, 1516.Further ReadingE.MacCurdy, 1939, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, 2 vols, London; 2nd edn, 1956, London (the most extensive selection of the notes, with an English translation).G.Vasari (trans. G.Bull), 1965, Lives of the Artists, London: Penguin, pp. 255–271.C.Gibbs-Smith, 1978, The Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci, Oxford: Phaidon. L.H.Heydenreich, Dibner and L. Reti, 1981, Leonardo the Inventor, London: Hutchinson.I.B.Hart, 1961, The World of Leonardo da Vinci, London: Macdonald.LRD / IMcN -
123 EDA
1) Компьютерная техника: Extended Dataflow Architecture2) Военный термин: Engineering Data Analysis, early departure authorized, electronic digital analyzer, estimated date of arrival, estimated date of availability, excess defense articles, Emergency Dissemination Authority (ies)4) Грубое выражение: Extreme Dumb Ass5) Сокращение: Economic Development Administration, Electronic Development Associates Inc. (USA)6) Вычислительная техника: электронный цифровой анализатор, Electronic Design Automation (RL, IC)7) Нефть: Emergency Declaration Area (An officially designated area for cleanup of hazardous waste or materials), расчётный срок эксплуатационной готовности (estimated date of availability)8) Деловая лексика: Event Decision Action9) Образование: Educational Development Authority, Every Day Angel10) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Data Access, доступ к данным в сети масштаба предприятия11) ЕБРР: expected date of arrival12) Полимеры: ethylene diamine13) Химическое оружие: equipment decontamination area14) Макаров: electronic-design-automation industry15) Расширение файла: Electronic Design Automation, Electronic Differential Analyser, Embedded Document Architecture (Go Corporation)16) Военно-политический термин: European Defence Agency17) Электротехника: electronic differential analyzer18) Аэропорты: Edna Bay, Alaska USA -
124 EdA
1) Компьютерная техника: Extended Dataflow Architecture2) Военный термин: Engineering Data Analysis, early departure authorized, electronic digital analyzer, estimated date of arrival, estimated date of availability, excess defense articles, Emergency Dissemination Authority (ies)4) Грубое выражение: Extreme Dumb Ass5) Сокращение: Economic Development Administration, Electronic Development Associates Inc. (USA)6) Вычислительная техника: электронный цифровой анализатор, Electronic Design Automation (RL, IC)7) Нефть: Emergency Declaration Area (An officially designated area for cleanup of hazardous waste or materials), расчётный срок эксплуатационной готовности (estimated date of availability)8) Деловая лексика: Event Decision Action9) Образование: Educational Development Authority, Every Day Angel10) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Data Access, доступ к данным в сети масштаба предприятия11) ЕБРР: expected date of arrival12) Полимеры: ethylene diamine13) Химическое оружие: equipment decontamination area14) Макаров: electronic-design-automation industry15) Расширение файла: Electronic Design Automation, Electronic Differential Analyser, Embedded Document Architecture (Go Corporation)16) Военно-политический термин: European Defence Agency17) Электротехника: electronic differential analyzer18) Аэропорты: Edna Bay, Alaska USA -
125 XNA
1) Спорт: X-Treme Neurotic Assassins2) Вычислительная техника: расширенная архитектура сети3) Сетевые технологии: eXtended Network Architecture4) Программное обеспечение: X-Treme Network Architecture -
126 eda
1) Компьютерная техника: Extended Dataflow Architecture2) Военный термин: Engineering Data Analysis, early departure authorized, electronic digital analyzer, estimated date of arrival, estimated date of availability, excess defense articles, Emergency Dissemination Authority (ies)4) Грубое выражение: Extreme Dumb Ass5) Сокращение: Economic Development Administration, Electronic Development Associates Inc. (USA)6) Вычислительная техника: электронный цифровой анализатор, Electronic Design Automation (RL, IC)7) Нефть: Emergency Declaration Area (An officially designated area for cleanup of hazardous waste or materials), расчётный срок эксплуатационной готовности (estimated date of availability)8) Деловая лексика: Event Decision Action9) Образование: Educational Development Authority, Every Day Angel10) Сетевые технологии: Enterprise Data Access, доступ к данным в сети масштаба предприятия11) ЕБРР: expected date of arrival12) Полимеры: ethylene diamine13) Химическое оружие: equipment decontamination area14) Макаров: electronic-design-automation industry15) Расширение файла: Electronic Design Automation, Electronic Differential Analyser, Embedded Document Architecture (Go Corporation)16) Военно-политический термин: European Defence Agency17) Электротехника: electronic differential analyzer18) Аэропорты: Edna Bay, Alaska USA -
127 EISA
-
128 Walter, Thomas Ustick
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 4 September 1804 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAd. 30 October 1887 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American architect, best known for his construction of the great iron dome of the United States Capitol in Washington.[br]Much of Walter's work was in neo-classical style, of which the Founders' Hall at Girard College in Philadelphia, built 1833–47, is a fine example. On the exterior this is a large-scale Corinthian temple of peripteral octastyle form. Inside, Walter showed his awareness of modern needs with his brick fireproof vaulting. In 1851 Walter was appointed by President Millard Fillmore as Architect to the Capitol in Washington, DC, to enlarge the building to accommodate the greater needs of the day. Between this time and 1865 Walter extended the side wings considerably to provide more space for the House of Representatives and the Senate and, to balance the composition of this much longer elevation, built a new great dome. In style, the dome and drum resemble those of Wren's St Paul's Cathedral in London, but the scale is much greater and the internal construction largely of cast iron: internally the dome measures 98 ft (29.9 m) in diameter and has a total height of 222 ft (67.7 m).[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFounder American Institute of Architects 1857; President from 1876.Further ReadingM.Whiffen and F.Keeper, 1981, American Architecture 1607–1976, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.DY
См. также в других словарях:
Extended Architecture — [Abk. XA; dt. »erweiterte Systemstruktur«], CD ROM XA … Universal-Lexikon
CD-ROM Extended Architecture — CD ROM Extended Architecture, CD ROM XA … Universal-Lexikon
Extended Industry Standard Architecture — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Tres slots de arquitectura EISA. El Extended Industry Standard Architecture (en inglés, Arquitectura Estándar Industrial Extendida), casi siempre abreviado EISA, es una arquitectura de bus para computadoras… … Wikipedia Español
Architecture of ancient Greece — Architecture was extinct in Greece from the end of the Mycenaean period (about 1200 BC) to the 7th century BC, when urpeppeeban life and prosperity recovered to a point where public building could be undertaken. But since many Greek buildings in… … Wikipedia
Architecture in Tibet — contains Chinese and Indian influences, and reflects a deeply Buddhist approach. The Buddhist Prayer wheel, along with two deer or dragons, can be seen on nearly every Gompa in Tibet. The design of the Tibetan Chörtens can vary, from roundish… … Wikipedia
Architecture & Morality (1981) — Architecture Morality (1981) Architecture Morality (1981) Album par Orchestral Manœuvres in the Dark Sortie 1981 Enregistrement de 1980 à 1981 Durée 37 minutes 13 Genre(s) New wa … Wikipédia en Français
Architecture & morality (1981) — Architecture Morality (1981) Architecture Morality (1981) Album par Orchestral Manœuvres in the Dark Sortie 1981 Enregistrement de 1980 à 1981 Durée 37 minutes 13 Genre(s) New wa … Wikipédia en Français
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code — (EBCDIC) is an 8 bit character encoding (code page) used on IBM mainframe operating systems such as z/OS, OS/390, VM and VSE, as well as IBM midrange computer operating systems such as OS/400 and i5/OS (see also Binary Coded Decimal). It is also… … Wikipedia
Extended Window Manager Hints — Extended Window Manager Hints, aka NetWM or Net WM,[1] is an X Window System standard for window managers. It defines various interactions between window managers, utilities, and applications, all part of an entire desktop environment. It builds… … Wikipedia
Architecture Graphique Avancée — Pour les articles homonymes, voir AGA. Architecture Graphique Avancée (AGA) était le nom du jeu de puces graphique amélioré des ordinateurs Amiga de troisième génération au début des années 1990. L AGA était inclus dans les ordinateurs Amiga 1200 … Wikipédia en Français
Architecture graphique avancee — Architecture graphique avancée Pour les articles homonymes, voir AGA. Architecture Graphique Avancée (AGA) était le nom du jeu de puces graphique amélioré des ordinateurs Amiga de troisième génération au début des années 1990. L AGA était inclus… … Wikipédia en Français