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existimare

  • 1 existimo

    existimare, existimavi, existimatus V TRANS
    value/esteem; form/hold opinion/view; think/suppose; estimate; judge/consider

    Latin-English dictionary > existimo

  • 2 existimantes

    ex-istĭmo or existŭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [aestimo].
    I.
    = aestimo, to value, estimate, reckon, esteem, with gen. of value (rare):

    satin abiit neque quod dixi flocci existumat?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 73:

    dum ne ob malefacta peream, parvi existumo,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 24: omnia minoris, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2:

    magni operam,

    Nep. Cat. 1, 2:

    minoris aliquid,

    id. ib. 1, 4; Suet. Aug. 40.—With interrog. clause:

    nunc si dico ut res est, quem ad modum existumet me?

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 18 Ritschl. —
    II.
    In gen., to judge, consider, suppose, think, esteem. —Constr. with the acc., an object-clause, a rel.-clause, with de, or absol.
    (α).
    With acc.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156, ed. Vahl., where the reading is existimas); cf.:

    quod eum, qui hoc facit, avarum possumus existimare,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190; Quint. 5, 12, 21:

    quod ego nullo modo existimo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 11, 25:

    cottidianae vitae consuetudinem,

    pass judgment upon, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 41.— In pass.:

    M. Fulcinius domi suae honestus existimatus est,

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 10; cf.:

    P. Cornelius, homo, ut existimabatur, avarus et furax,

    id. de Or. 2, 66, 268:

    qua (fama) diu princeps oratorum... existimandus est,

    Quint. 11, 3, 8:

    popularitas signum affectati regni est existimatum,

    id. 5, 9, 13:

    assimulata sunt schemata existimanda,

    id. 9, 1, 27: utcunque (haec) animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. § 8.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf. as object (so most freq.): tu me amas, ego te amo;

    merito id fieri uterque existimat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 147:

    ne id quidem me dignum esse existimat, Quem adeat, etc.,

    id. As. 1, 2, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 19:

    si majores nostri existimavissent, quemquam Rulli similem futurum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 89:

    non possum existimare, plus quemquam a se ipso quam me a te amari,

    id. Fam. 15, 21, 4:

    ego sic existimo, hos oratores fuisse maximos,

    id. Brut. 36, 138 et saep.—In pass. with an inf. clause as subject:

    fuit hoc in utroque eorum, ut Crassus non tam existimari vellet non didicisse, quam illa despicere, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 4:

    disciplina in Britannia reperta, atque inde in Galliam translata esse existimatur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin.:

    Themistocles suasisse existimatur Atheniensibus, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 2, 92 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

    huic (insulae) milia DCCC. in longitudinem esse existimatur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13 fin.; Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 81.—
    (γ).
    With a rel. or interrog.-clause:

    haud existimans, quanto labore partum,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 1, 11:

    nunc vos existimate, facta an dicta pluris sint,

    judge, Sall. J. 85, 14 Cort.; cf.:

    utrum avertendae suspicionis causa, etc., an, etc., existimari non poterat,

    be judged, decided, Caes. B. C. 3, 102, 3:

    qui (Pyrrhus) utrum avarior an crudelior sit, vix existimari potest,

    Liv. 22, 59, 14:

    existimari a medicis jubet, an talis caecitas ac debilitas superabiles forent,

    Tac. H. 4, 81.—
    (δ).
    With de:

    de scriptoribus, qui nondum ediderunt, existimare non possumus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7:

    ex eventu homines de tuo consilio existimaturos videmus,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

    male de aliquo,

    to have a bad opinion of any one, id. Off. 2, 10, 36; cf.:

    tu ipse quem ad modum existimes vide,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 37; id. Att. 6, 2, 3.— Pass. impers.:

    exstant orationes, ex quibus existimari de ingeniis eorum potest,

    Cic. Brut. 21, 82.—
    (ε).
    With in and abl.:

    in hostium numero existimari,

    to be regarded as an enemy, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13.—
    (ζ).
    Absol.:

    ut Cicero existimat,

    Quint. 9, 1, 29:

    sicut multi existimarunt,

    id. 8, 6, 67.— Pass. impers.:

    ita intellegimus vulgo existimari,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 28.—As subst.: existĭmantes, ium, m., critics, critical judges:

    si in existimantium arbitrium sua scripta non venerint,

    Cic. Brut. 24, 92.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > existimantes

  • 3 existimo

    ex-istĭmo or existŭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [aestimo].
    I.
    = aestimo, to value, estimate, reckon, esteem, with gen. of value (rare):

    satin abiit neque quod dixi flocci existumat?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 73:

    dum ne ob malefacta peream, parvi existumo,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 24: omnia minoris, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2:

    magni operam,

    Nep. Cat. 1, 2:

    minoris aliquid,

    id. ib. 1, 4; Suet. Aug. 40.—With interrog. clause:

    nunc si dico ut res est, quem ad modum existumet me?

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 18 Ritschl. —
    II.
    In gen., to judge, consider, suppose, think, esteem. —Constr. with the acc., an object-clause, a rel.-clause, with de, or absol.
    (α).
    With acc.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156, ed. Vahl., where the reading is existimas); cf.:

    quod eum, qui hoc facit, avarum possumus existimare,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190; Quint. 5, 12, 21:

    quod ego nullo modo existimo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 11, 25:

    cottidianae vitae consuetudinem,

    pass judgment upon, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 41.— In pass.:

    M. Fulcinius domi suae honestus existimatus est,

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 10; cf.:

    P. Cornelius, homo, ut existimabatur, avarus et furax,

    id. de Or. 2, 66, 268:

    qua (fama) diu princeps oratorum... existimandus est,

    Quint. 11, 3, 8:

    popularitas signum affectati regni est existimatum,

    id. 5, 9, 13:

    assimulata sunt schemata existimanda,

    id. 9, 1, 27: utcunque (haec) animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. § 8.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf. as object (so most freq.): tu me amas, ego te amo;

    merito id fieri uterque existimat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 147:

    ne id quidem me dignum esse existimat, Quem adeat, etc.,

    id. As. 1, 2, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 19:

    si majores nostri existimavissent, quemquam Rulli similem futurum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 89:

    non possum existimare, plus quemquam a se ipso quam me a te amari,

    id. Fam. 15, 21, 4:

    ego sic existimo, hos oratores fuisse maximos,

    id. Brut. 36, 138 et saep.—In pass. with an inf. clause as subject:

    fuit hoc in utroque eorum, ut Crassus non tam existimari vellet non didicisse, quam illa despicere, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 4:

    disciplina in Britannia reperta, atque inde in Galliam translata esse existimatur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin.:

    Themistocles suasisse existimatur Atheniensibus, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 2, 92 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

    huic (insulae) milia DCCC. in longitudinem esse existimatur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13 fin.; Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 81.—
    (γ).
    With a rel. or interrog.-clause:

    haud existimans, quanto labore partum,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 1, 11:

    nunc vos existimate, facta an dicta pluris sint,

    judge, Sall. J. 85, 14 Cort.; cf.:

    utrum avertendae suspicionis causa, etc., an, etc., existimari non poterat,

    be judged, decided, Caes. B. C. 3, 102, 3:

    qui (Pyrrhus) utrum avarior an crudelior sit, vix existimari potest,

    Liv. 22, 59, 14:

    existimari a medicis jubet, an talis caecitas ac debilitas superabiles forent,

    Tac. H. 4, 81.—
    (δ).
    With de:

    de scriptoribus, qui nondum ediderunt, existimare non possumus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7:

    ex eventu homines de tuo consilio existimaturos videmus,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

    male de aliquo,

    to have a bad opinion of any one, id. Off. 2, 10, 36; cf.:

    tu ipse quem ad modum existimes vide,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 37; id. Att. 6, 2, 3.— Pass. impers.:

    exstant orationes, ex quibus existimari de ingeniis eorum potest,

    Cic. Brut. 21, 82.—
    (ε).
    With in and abl.:

    in hostium numero existimari,

    to be regarded as an enemy, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13.—
    (ζ).
    Absol.:

    ut Cicero existimat,

    Quint. 9, 1, 29:

    sicut multi existimarunt,

    id. 8, 6, 67.— Pass. impers.:

    ita intellegimus vulgo existimari,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 28.—As subst.: existĭmantes, ium, m., critics, critical judges:

    si in existimantium arbitrium sua scripta non venerint,

    Cic. Brut. 24, 92.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > existimo

  • 4 existumo

    ex-istĭmo or existŭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [aestimo].
    I.
    = aestimo, to value, estimate, reckon, esteem, with gen. of value (rare):

    satin abiit neque quod dixi flocci existumat?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 73:

    dum ne ob malefacta peream, parvi existumo,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 24: omnia minoris, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2:

    magni operam,

    Nep. Cat. 1, 2:

    minoris aliquid,

    id. ib. 1, 4; Suet. Aug. 40.—With interrog. clause:

    nunc si dico ut res est, quem ad modum existumet me?

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 18 Ritschl. —
    II.
    In gen., to judge, consider, suppose, think, esteem. —Constr. with the acc., an object-clause, a rel.-clause, with de, or absol.
    (α).
    With acc.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156, ed. Vahl., where the reading is existimas); cf.:

    quod eum, qui hoc facit, avarum possumus existimare,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190; Quint. 5, 12, 21:

    quod ego nullo modo existimo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 11, 25:

    cottidianae vitae consuetudinem,

    pass judgment upon, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 41.— In pass.:

    M. Fulcinius domi suae honestus existimatus est,

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 10; cf.:

    P. Cornelius, homo, ut existimabatur, avarus et furax,

    id. de Or. 2, 66, 268:

    qua (fama) diu princeps oratorum... existimandus est,

    Quint. 11, 3, 8:

    popularitas signum affectati regni est existimatum,

    id. 5, 9, 13:

    assimulata sunt schemata existimanda,

    id. 9, 1, 27: utcunque (haec) animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. § 8.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf. as object (so most freq.): tu me amas, ego te amo;

    merito id fieri uterque existimat,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 147:

    ne id quidem me dignum esse existimat, Quem adeat, etc.,

    id. As. 1, 2, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 19:

    si majores nostri existimavissent, quemquam Rulli similem futurum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 89:

    non possum existimare, plus quemquam a se ipso quam me a te amari,

    id. Fam. 15, 21, 4:

    ego sic existimo, hos oratores fuisse maximos,

    id. Brut. 36, 138 et saep.—In pass. with an inf. clause as subject:

    fuit hoc in utroque eorum, ut Crassus non tam existimari vellet non didicisse, quam illa despicere, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 4:

    disciplina in Britannia reperta, atque inde in Galliam translata esse existimatur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin.:

    Themistocles suasisse existimatur Atheniensibus, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 2, 92 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

    huic (insulae) milia DCCC. in longitudinem esse existimatur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13 fin.; Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 81.—
    (γ).
    With a rel. or interrog.-clause:

    haud existimans, quanto labore partum,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 1, 11:

    nunc vos existimate, facta an dicta pluris sint,

    judge, Sall. J. 85, 14 Cort.; cf.:

    utrum avertendae suspicionis causa, etc., an, etc., existimari non poterat,

    be judged, decided, Caes. B. C. 3, 102, 3:

    qui (Pyrrhus) utrum avarior an crudelior sit, vix existimari potest,

    Liv. 22, 59, 14:

    existimari a medicis jubet, an talis caecitas ac debilitas superabiles forent,

    Tac. H. 4, 81.—
    (δ).
    With de:

    de scriptoribus, qui nondum ediderunt, existimare non possumus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7:

    ex eventu homines de tuo consilio existimaturos videmus,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

    male de aliquo,

    to have a bad opinion of any one, id. Off. 2, 10, 36; cf.:

    tu ipse quem ad modum existimes vide,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 37; id. Att. 6, 2, 3.— Pass. impers.:

    exstant orationes, ex quibus existimari de ingeniis eorum potest,

    Cic. Brut. 21, 82.—
    (ε).
    With in and abl.:

    in hostium numero existimari,

    to be regarded as an enemy, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13.—
    (ζ).
    Absol.:

    ut Cicero existimat,

    Quint. 9, 1, 29:

    sicut multi existimarunt,

    id. 8, 6, 67.— Pass. impers.:

    ita intellegimus vulgo existimari,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 28.—As subst.: existĭmantes, ium, m., critics, critical judges:

    si in existimantium arbitrium sua scripta non venerint,

    Cic. Brut. 24, 92.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > existumo

  • 5 dis-cēdō

        dis-cēdō cessī, cessus, ere,    to go apart, part asunder, divide, separate, disperse, scatter: ex hac fugā auxilia discesserunt, Cs.: lignationis causā in silvas, Cs.: ut sodalitates decuriatique discederent: cum discedere populum iussissent tribuni, L.: in duas partīs, S.: cum terra discessisset: caelum, opens: scaena ut versis discedat frontibus, open, V.—To go away, depart, leave: petebat ut discedere liceret, Cs.: misere discedere quaerens, H.: ab exercitu, Cs.: a senis latere: e Galliā: ex contione, Cs.: de foro: templo, O.: longius ab agmine discedi, Cs.: de colloquio discessum, L.: in loca occulta, S.: ad urbem, V.: ex castris domum, Cs.: domos suas, N.—Of troops, to march off, march away, decamp: discessit a Brundisio, Cs.: ex hibernis, Cs.: Tarracone, Cs.: ab signis, to leave the standard, Cs.: exercitus ab signis discessit, disbanded, L.: ab armis, to lay down their arms, Cs.: in itinere ab eo, desert, Cs. — From a battle, to get away, come away, come off, be left, remain: se superiores discessisse existimare, Cs.: victor discessit ab hoste, H.: victus, S.: graviter volneratus, S.: ut inanes discederent: aequā manu, S.: aequo Marte, L.: sine detrimento, Cs. —From a trial or struggle, to come off, get off, be left, remain: ut spoliis ex hoc iudicio ornati discedant: se superiorem discessurum: liberatus, N.: si istius haec iniuria inpunita discesserit: pulchre, T.: turpissime: a iudicio capitis maximā gloriā, N.: Discedo Alcaeus puncto illius, he votes me an Alcaeus, H.—Fig., to depart, deviate, swerve from, leave, forsake, give up, abandon: nihil a statu naturae: a fide: a suā sententiā, Cs.: ab amicis in magnā re peccantibus.—To pass away, vanish, cease: audivi quartanam a te discessisse: ex animo illius memoria: hostibus spes potiundi oppidi discessit, Cs.: ubi hae sollicitudines discessere, L.—In the phrase, in sententiam discedere, to adopt a view, pass over to a party, vote for a measure: senatus in Catonis sententiam discessit, S.: senatus in alia omnia discessit: in hanc sententiam ut discederetur, L.: illud SC, quo numquam ante discessum est, Cs.—To leave in thought, depart: cum a vobis discesserim, i. e. except you: ut cum ab illo discesserint, me habeant proximum.

    Latin-English dictionary > dis-cēdō

  • 6 nōlō

        nōlō nōluī, —, nōlle    [ne+volo], to wish... not, will... not, not to wish, to be unwilling: (mulieres) Nolunt, ubi velis; ubi nolis, cupiunt ultro, T.: etiam si nolint: pluribus praesentibus eas res iactari nolebat, Cs.: nollet carmine quemquam Describi, H.: nolo vincat: nollem dixissem: nolo plura: nolo ego istam in te modestiam, L.—Imper., with an inf: noli putare, do not believe: nolite, iudices, existimare, etc.: noli vexare, Iu.: nolite velle (pleonast.).—Followed by a negative, which continues the negation: nolui deesse ne tacitae quidem flagitioni tuae: nolle successum, non patribus, non consulibus, L.—In the phrase, nollem factum, I am sorry for it, T.—Ellipt.: nollem (sc. factum), T.: sed nolo pluribus (sc. verbis rem exsequi), L.: videbis, si erit, quod nolim, arcessendus, ne, etc., and may heaven forbid it.—With a negative, to be willing, have no objection: cum se non nolle dixisset.— To wish ill, be adverse: cui qui nolunt, iidem, etc.
    * * *
    nolle, nolui, - V
    be unwilling; wish not to; refuse to

    Latin-English dictionary > nōlō

  • 7 tēlum

        tēlum ī, n    [TEC-], a missile weapon, missile, dart, spear, shaft, javelin: arma atque tela, S.: coniectio telorum: si telum manu fugit, magis quam iecit: nubes levium telorum, L.: turbida Tempestas telorum, V.: telum ex loco superiore mittere, Cs.: omni genere missilium telorum volnerari, L.: tela Direxit arcu, H.: In medios telum torsisti Achivos, V.: volatile, O.— An offensive weapon, sword, dagger, poniard, axe: ex quibus (telis) ille maximum sicarum numerum et gladiorum extulit: securim in caput deiecit; relictoque in volnere telo, etc., L.: strictis telis, O.: clavae tela erant, Cu.: cum telo esse, i. e. to be armed: positum rubigine telum, my sheathed sword, H.: Frontis, i. e. a horn, O.: corpore tela exit, i. e. avoids the blows of the caestus, V.: arbitrium est in sua tela Iovi, i. e. the thunderbolts, O.—Fig., a weapon, shaft, dart: nec mediocre telum ad res gerendas existimare benevolentiam civium: necessitas, quae maximum telum est, L.: tela fortunae: linguae tela subire tuae, O.
    * * *
    I II
    dart, spear; weapon, javelin

    Latin-English dictionary > tēlum

  • 8 ac

    atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
    I.
    In joining single words, which is its most common use.
    A.
    In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
    1.
    The form atque.
    a.
    Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

    sociorum atque amicorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

    deposci atque expeti,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

    excitare atque inflammare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

    honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

    Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
    b.
    Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    Gallorum atque Belgarum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

    Cassius atque Brutus,

    Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

    in portubus atque custodiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

    superatam esse atque depressam,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

    vitiis atque flagitiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

    dignitate atque gloria,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

    virtute atque gloria,

    Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

    labore atque justitia,

    Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

    hilari atque laeto,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

    multae atque magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

    adventu atque nomine,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

    magna atque praeclara,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

    se conlegit atque recreavit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

    provinciarum atque sociorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

    parietum atque tectorum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

    gravis atque vehemens,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
    2.
    The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    sentientes ac bene meritos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

    feri ac barbari,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

    liberis ac conjugibus,

    Liv. 21, 30:

    Romae ac circa urbem,

    id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

    periculum ac discrimen,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

    usus ac disciplina,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

    opima est ac fertilis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    potentissimos ac firmissimos,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

    2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

    Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

    nobilitatis ac juventutis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

    terrore ac metu,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

    insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    gentes ac nationes,

    id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

    celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

    firmamenti ac roboris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

    vectigalibus ac sociis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

    tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

    armatos ac victores,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

    Sall. C. 42, 2:

    opera ac vineae,

    Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

    Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in se simul atque in Herculem,

    id. G. 34:

    suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

    id. ib. 30; so,

    sociis pariter atque hostibus,

    id. H. 4, 73:

    innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

    id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

    verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

    Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

    omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

    Sall. C. 30, 4:

    nobiles atque ignobiles,

    id. ib. 20, 7:

    caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

    Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

    vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
    B.
    Esp.
    a.
    In a hendiadys:

    utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

    with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

    de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

    of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

    Sall. C. 3 fin.:

    clamore atque adsensu,

    shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
    b.
    In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
    (α).
    Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

    Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

    and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

    rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

    and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

    magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

    and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

    hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

    and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

    and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

    fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

    and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

    intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

    id. C. 52, 35.—
    (β).
    With adeo, and that too, and even:

    intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

    qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

    insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

    id. Planc. 19 fin.:

    non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

    Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

    atque adeo autem quor etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
    (γ).
    With etiam:

    id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

    and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

    ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

    Liv. 3, 46.—
    (δ).
    With the dem. pron. hic, is:

    negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

    and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

    maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

    Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

    id. ib. 2, 2:

    duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

    id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

    flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

    id. B. G. 5, 18:

    ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

    dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

    Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
    II.
    In comparisons.
    A.
    Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

    si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

    Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

    pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

    neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

    parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

    magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

    id. Hann. 5, 3:

    pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

    Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

    In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

    equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

    cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

    Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

    Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

    et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

    id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

    similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

    Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

    contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

    Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

    faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

    cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
    B.
    Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

    illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

    other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

    aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

    also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3:

    simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

    id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

    id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

    cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

    id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
    C.
    Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

    once, however, non aliter, ac si,

    Cic. Att. 13, 51;

    v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

    nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

    id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

    quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

    si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

    id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

    tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

    reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

    id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

    quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

    id. Mur. 4 fin.:

    haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

    Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
    D.
    More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

    in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

    haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

    pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

    id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

    num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
    E.
    Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

    nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

    quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

    id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

    quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

    Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
    F.
    Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

    amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

    non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

    Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

    Cat. 61, 172:

    haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

    Verg. A. 3, 561:

    Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

    nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

    Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

    id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
    G.
    In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

    principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

    as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

    judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

    Dig. 21, 1, 25:

    quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

    ib. 16, 1, 24.—
    III.
    To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
    a.
    Absol.:

    Decipiam ac non veniam,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

    si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

    perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

    quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 33:

    si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

    id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

    nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

    id. Att. 1, 16:

    si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

    si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

    id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

    velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

    Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

    si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

    Tac. Or. 1.—
    b.
    With potius:

    Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

    quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

    id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

    concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

    Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
    IV.
    In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
    1.
    In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

    atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

    cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

    multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

    Tac. A. 1, 47:

    Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

    Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
    2.
    In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
    a.
    Absol.:

    maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

    and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
    b.
    Often with etiam:

    Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

    Cic. Or. 40, 139:

    Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
    c.
    Sometimes with quoque:

    Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
    d.
    And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
    3.
    In narration:

    aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

    Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

    completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

    Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init.
    4.
    In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

    Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

    ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

    Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

    12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

    and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

    Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

    Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

    Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

    id. Lael. 15, 54.—
    5.
    In connecting two acts or events.
    a.
    In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

    ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

    And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

    and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

    dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

    lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

    and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

    dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

    Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

    tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

    id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

    cape hoc argentum atque defer,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

    abi domum ac deos comprecare,

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

    tace modo ac sequere hac,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

    Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

    Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

    Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

    id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
    b.
    In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

    and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    With ita or sic:

    Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

    Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

    ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

    Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
    c.
    Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

    non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

    Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
    6.
    (As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

    Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

    hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

    ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

    Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

    And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
    7.
    In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

    Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

    Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

    Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

    Liv. 21, 41, 13:

    Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

    Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

    Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

    Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
    8.
    To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
    a.
    Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

    atque ipsis commentum placet,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

    ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

    ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

    and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

    observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

    Plin. Pan. 26.—
    b.
    With tamen:

    nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

    discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

    id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

    ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

    14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

    id. H. 5, 16.—
    9.
    To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

    ... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

    nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
    10.
    In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
    a.
    A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

    Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

    Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

    id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

    Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

    Ac ne forte putes,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

    Ac ne forte putes etc.,

    Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
    b.
    A positive purpose:

    Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

    Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

    id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
    11.
    a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

    atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
    b.
    In introducing parentheses:

    vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

    Liv. 21, 38:

    omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae.
    c.
    At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

    Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

    Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
    V.
    In particular connections and phrases.
    A.
    Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

    unae atque alterae scalae,

    Sall. J. 60, 7:

    quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

    id. ib. 93, 2:

    unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

    Tac. H. 5, 6:

    dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

    Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

    alius atque alius,

    Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

    aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

    Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
    B.
    Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

    temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

    etiam atque etiam considera,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

    monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

    id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

    iterum atque iterum,

    Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
    C.
    Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
    D.
    Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

    atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

    but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

    Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

    and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
    E.
    Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

    Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

    quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

    id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

    nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

    Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
    F.
    With other conjunctions.
    1.
    After et:

    equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

    Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

    id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

    vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

    Tac. Agr. 32.:

    denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

    Liv. 21, 6, 4:

    ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

    id. 21, 41, 2:

    et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

    Quint. 8, 3, 3:

    Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

    id. 12, 10, 67. —
    2.
    After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

    submoverique atque in castra redigi,

    Liv. 26, 10:

    terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

    id. 21, 52:

    mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

    Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
    3.
    Before et:

    caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

    Tac. Agr. 32.—
    4.
    After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

    nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

    Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

    mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

    Suet. Vesp. 12.—
    G.
    Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

    atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

    omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

    id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

    Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

    Cat. 68, 152:

    Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

    Verg. G. 4, 463:

    Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

    id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

    Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

    Tib. 2, 5, 73:

    complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

    Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.
    ► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
    a.
    In the second place:

    Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

    Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

    Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

    id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

    Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
    b.
    In the third place:

    quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ac

  • 9 adque

    atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
    I.
    In joining single words, which is its most common use.
    A.
    In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
    1.
    The form atque.
    a.
    Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

    sociorum atque amicorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

    deposci atque expeti,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

    excitare atque inflammare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

    honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

    Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
    b.
    Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    Gallorum atque Belgarum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

    Cassius atque Brutus,

    Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

    in portubus atque custodiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

    superatam esse atque depressam,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

    vitiis atque flagitiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

    dignitate atque gloria,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

    virtute atque gloria,

    Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

    labore atque justitia,

    Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

    hilari atque laeto,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

    multae atque magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

    adventu atque nomine,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

    magna atque praeclara,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

    se conlegit atque recreavit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

    provinciarum atque sociorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

    parietum atque tectorum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

    gravis atque vehemens,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
    2.
    The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    sentientes ac bene meritos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

    feri ac barbari,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

    liberis ac conjugibus,

    Liv. 21, 30:

    Romae ac circa urbem,

    id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

    periculum ac discrimen,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

    usus ac disciplina,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

    opima est ac fertilis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    potentissimos ac firmissimos,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

    2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

    Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

    nobilitatis ac juventutis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

    terrore ac metu,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

    insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    gentes ac nationes,

    id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

    celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

    firmamenti ac roboris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

    vectigalibus ac sociis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

    tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

    armatos ac victores,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

    Sall. C. 42, 2:

    opera ac vineae,

    Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

    Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in se simul atque in Herculem,

    id. G. 34:

    suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

    id. ib. 30; so,

    sociis pariter atque hostibus,

    id. H. 4, 73:

    innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

    id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

    verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

    Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

    omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

    Sall. C. 30, 4:

    nobiles atque ignobiles,

    id. ib. 20, 7:

    caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

    Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

    vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
    B.
    Esp.
    a.
    In a hendiadys:

    utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

    with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

    de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

    of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

    Sall. C. 3 fin.:

    clamore atque adsensu,

    shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
    b.
    In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
    (α).
    Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

    Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

    and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

    rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

    and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

    magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

    and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

    hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

    and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

    and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

    fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

    and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

    intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

    id. C. 52, 35.—
    (β).
    With adeo, and that too, and even:

    intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

    qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

    insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

    id. Planc. 19 fin.:

    non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

    Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

    atque adeo autem quor etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
    (γ).
    With etiam:

    id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

    and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

    ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

    Liv. 3, 46.—
    (δ).
    With the dem. pron. hic, is:

    negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

    and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

    maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

    Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

    id. ib. 2, 2:

    duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

    id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

    flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

    id. B. G. 5, 18:

    ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

    dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

    Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
    II.
    In comparisons.
    A.
    Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

    si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

    Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

    pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

    neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

    parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

    magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

    id. Hann. 5, 3:

    pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

    Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

    In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

    equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

    cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

    Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

    Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

    et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

    id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

    similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

    Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

    contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

    Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

    faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

    cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
    B.
    Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

    illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

    other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

    aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

    also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3:

    simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

    id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

    id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

    cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

    id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
    C.
    Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

    once, however, non aliter, ac si,

    Cic. Att. 13, 51;

    v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

    nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

    id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

    quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

    si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

    id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

    tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

    reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

    id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

    quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

    id. Mur. 4 fin.:

    haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

    Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
    D.
    More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

    in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

    haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

    pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

    id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

    num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
    E.
    Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

    nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

    quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

    id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

    quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

    Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
    F.
    Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

    amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

    non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

    Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

    Cat. 61, 172:

    haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

    Verg. A. 3, 561:

    Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

    nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

    Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

    id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
    G.
    In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

    principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

    as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

    judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

    Dig. 21, 1, 25:

    quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

    ib. 16, 1, 24.—
    III.
    To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
    a.
    Absol.:

    Decipiam ac non veniam,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

    si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

    perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

    quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 33:

    si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

    id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

    nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

    id. Att. 1, 16:

    si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

    si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

    id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

    velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

    Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

    si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

    Tac. Or. 1.—
    b.
    With potius:

    Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

    quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

    id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

    concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

    Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
    IV.
    In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
    1.
    In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

    atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

    cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

    multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

    Tac. A. 1, 47:

    Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

    Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
    2.
    In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
    a.
    Absol.:

    maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

    and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
    b.
    Often with etiam:

    Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

    Cic. Or. 40, 139:

    Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
    c.
    Sometimes with quoque:

    Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
    d.
    And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
    3.
    In narration:

    aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

    Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

    completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

    Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init.
    4.
    In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

    Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

    ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

    Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

    12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

    and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

    Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

    Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

    Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

    id. Lael. 15, 54.—
    5.
    In connecting two acts or events.
    a.
    In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

    ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

    And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

    and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

    dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

    lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

    and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

    dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

    Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

    tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

    id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

    cape hoc argentum atque defer,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

    abi domum ac deos comprecare,

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

    tace modo ac sequere hac,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

    Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

    Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

    Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

    id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
    b.
    In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

    and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    With ita or sic:

    Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

    Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

    ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

    Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
    c.
    Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

    non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

    Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
    6.
    (As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

    Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

    hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

    ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

    Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

    And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
    7.
    In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

    Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

    Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

    Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

    Liv. 21, 41, 13:

    Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

    Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

    Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

    Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
    8.
    To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
    a.
    Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

    atque ipsis commentum placet,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

    ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

    ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

    and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

    observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

    Plin. Pan. 26.—
    b.
    With tamen:

    nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

    discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

    id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

    ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

    14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

    id. H. 5, 16.—
    9.
    To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

    ... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

    nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
    10.
    In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
    a.
    A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

    Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

    Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

    id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

    Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

    Ac ne forte putes,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

    Ac ne forte putes etc.,

    Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
    b.
    A positive purpose:

    Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

    Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

    id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
    11.
    a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

    atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
    b.
    In introducing parentheses:

    vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

    Liv. 21, 38:

    omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae.
    c.
    At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

    Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

    Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
    V.
    In particular connections and phrases.
    A.
    Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

    unae atque alterae scalae,

    Sall. J. 60, 7:

    quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

    id. ib. 93, 2:

    unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

    Tac. H. 5, 6:

    dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

    Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

    alius atque alius,

    Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

    aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

    Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
    B.
    Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

    temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

    etiam atque etiam considera,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

    monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

    id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

    iterum atque iterum,

    Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
    C.
    Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
    D.
    Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

    atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

    but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

    Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

    and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
    E.
    Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

    Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

    quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

    id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

    nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

    Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
    F.
    With other conjunctions.
    1.
    After et:

    equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

    Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

    id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

    vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

    Tac. Agr. 32.:

    denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

    Liv. 21, 6, 4:

    ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

    id. 21, 41, 2:

    et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

    Quint. 8, 3, 3:

    Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

    id. 12, 10, 67. —
    2.
    After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

    submoverique atque in castra redigi,

    Liv. 26, 10:

    terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

    id. 21, 52:

    mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

    Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
    3.
    Before et:

    caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

    Tac. Agr. 32.—
    4.
    After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

    nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

    Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

    mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

    Suet. Vesp. 12.—
    G.
    Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

    atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

    omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

    id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

    Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

    Cat. 68, 152:

    Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

    Verg. G. 4, 463:

    Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

    id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

    Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

    Tib. 2, 5, 73:

    complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

    Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.
    ► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
    a.
    In the second place:

    Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

    Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

    Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

    id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

    Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
    b.
    In the third place:

    quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adque

  • 10 aestimo

    aestĭmo (arch. aestŭ-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [from aes, with the termination -tumo, which also appears in autumo; cf.: legitumus, finitumus, maritumus; later, legitimus, finitimus, maritimus; compare the Goth. aistjan, to estimate].
    I.
    To determine or estimate the extrinsic ( money) value of a thing, to value, rate, appraise; constr. with gen. or abl. (v. of price, Zumpt. §§

    444 and 456): domum emit prope dimidio carius quam aestimabat,

    Cic. Dom. 44:

    frumentum III denariis,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 92:

    aliquid tenuissime,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

    prata magno,

    id. Par. 6, 3:

    perfecit (Aratus) aestimandis possessionibus, ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82; hence, litem alicui or alicujus, to estimate the value of an object in question, and thus determine how much the convicted person shall pay, to estimate or assess the damages; cf. Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 38, and Beier ad Cic. Oratt. Fragm. Exc. IV. p. 265; Cic. Verr. l. l.—
    II.
    Trop., to estimate the intrinsic ( moral) worth of a thing, to weigh, value, hold, etc. (while existimare, as a consequence of aestimare, signifies to judge a thing in any way after estimating its value: ex pretio rei judicare; cf. Burm. ad Phaedr. 3, 4; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 17; Corte and Kritz ad Sall. C. 8, 2; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 41; 34, 2; and aestimator).— Constr.
    (α).
    That which serves as a standard by which a thing is estimated with ex or the abl.:

    vulgus ex veritate pauca, ex opinione multa aestimant,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 10:

    aliquem ex artificio comico,

    id. ib.:

    cum in Aquitaniam pervenisset, quae pars, ex tertiā parte Galliae est aestimanda, etc.,

    i. e. is to be reckoned as a third part, Caes. B. G. 3, 20:

    amicitias inimicitiasque non ex re, sed ex commodo,

    Sall. C. 10, 5.—With simple abl.:

    virtutem annis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 48: aliquid vitā, to measure a thing by life, i. e. to hold it as dear as life, Curt. 5, 5:

    nec Macedonas veteri famā, sed praesentibus viribus aestimandos,

    Just. 30, 4.—
    (β).
    The value attached to a thing in estimating it, in the gen. or abl. pretii (cf. I.); poet. also with acc. nihil:

    auctoritatem alicujus magni,

    Cic. Att. 7, 15: quod non minoris aestimamus quam quemlibet triumphum, Nep. Cat. 1:

    aliquid unius assis,

    Cat. 5, 2:

    aliquid permagno,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 13:

    non magno,

    id. Fin. 3, 3, 11; so id. Tusc. 3, 4, 8:

    non nihilo aestimandum,

    id. Fin. 4, 23, 62:

    magno te aestimaturum,

    Liv. 40, 55:

    magno aestimantibus se,

    id. 40, 41. And with definite numerals which give the price-current for which a thing may be had; cf. Zumpt. § 456; Sall. Fragm. p. 974 Corte:

    denis in diem assibus animam et corpus aestimari,

    Tac. A. 1, 17:

    emori nolo, sed me esse mortuum nihil aestimo,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15.—
    (γ).
    Among the histt. with a rel. clause.:

    aestimantibus, quanta futuri spe tam magna tacuisset,

    Tac. Agr. 18 fin.:

    quantopere dilectus sit, facile est aestimare,

    Suet. Aug. 57 (but in Sall. J. 31, 19, the correct read. is existumabitis, Dietsch).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aestimo

  • 11 aestumo

    aestĭmo (arch. aestŭ-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [from aes, with the termination -tumo, which also appears in autumo; cf.: legitumus, finitumus, maritumus; later, legitimus, finitimus, maritimus; compare the Goth. aistjan, to estimate].
    I.
    To determine or estimate the extrinsic ( money) value of a thing, to value, rate, appraise; constr. with gen. or abl. (v. of price, Zumpt. §§

    444 and 456): domum emit prope dimidio carius quam aestimabat,

    Cic. Dom. 44:

    frumentum III denariis,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 92:

    aliquid tenuissime,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

    prata magno,

    id. Par. 6, 3:

    perfecit (Aratus) aestimandis possessionibus, ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82; hence, litem alicui or alicujus, to estimate the value of an object in question, and thus determine how much the convicted person shall pay, to estimate or assess the damages; cf. Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 38, and Beier ad Cic. Oratt. Fragm. Exc. IV. p. 265; Cic. Verr. l. l.—
    II.
    Trop., to estimate the intrinsic ( moral) worth of a thing, to weigh, value, hold, etc. (while existimare, as a consequence of aestimare, signifies to judge a thing in any way after estimating its value: ex pretio rei judicare; cf. Burm. ad Phaedr. 3, 4; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 17; Corte and Kritz ad Sall. C. 8, 2; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 41; 34, 2; and aestimator).— Constr.
    (α).
    That which serves as a standard by which a thing is estimated with ex or the abl.:

    vulgus ex veritate pauca, ex opinione multa aestimant,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 10:

    aliquem ex artificio comico,

    id. ib.:

    cum in Aquitaniam pervenisset, quae pars, ex tertiā parte Galliae est aestimanda, etc.,

    i. e. is to be reckoned as a third part, Caes. B. G. 3, 20:

    amicitias inimicitiasque non ex re, sed ex commodo,

    Sall. C. 10, 5.—With simple abl.:

    virtutem annis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 48: aliquid vitā, to measure a thing by life, i. e. to hold it as dear as life, Curt. 5, 5:

    nec Macedonas veteri famā, sed praesentibus viribus aestimandos,

    Just. 30, 4.—
    (β).
    The value attached to a thing in estimating it, in the gen. or abl. pretii (cf. I.); poet. also with acc. nihil:

    auctoritatem alicujus magni,

    Cic. Att. 7, 15: quod non minoris aestimamus quam quemlibet triumphum, Nep. Cat. 1:

    aliquid unius assis,

    Cat. 5, 2:

    aliquid permagno,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 13:

    non magno,

    id. Fin. 3, 3, 11; so id. Tusc. 3, 4, 8:

    non nihilo aestimandum,

    id. Fin. 4, 23, 62:

    magno te aestimaturum,

    Liv. 40, 55:

    magno aestimantibus se,

    id. 40, 41. And with definite numerals which give the price-current for which a thing may be had; cf. Zumpt. § 456; Sall. Fragm. p. 974 Corte:

    denis in diem assibus animam et corpus aestimari,

    Tac. A. 1, 17:

    emori nolo, sed me esse mortuum nihil aestimo,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15.—
    (γ).
    Among the histt. with a rel. clause.:

    aestimantibus, quanta futuri spe tam magna tacuisset,

    Tac. Agr. 18 fin.:

    quantopere dilectus sit, facile est aestimare,

    Suet. Aug. 57 (but in Sall. J. 31, 19, the correct read. is existumabitis, Dietsch).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aestumo

  • 12 atque

    atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
    I.
    In joining single words, which is its most common use.
    A.
    In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
    1.
    The form atque.
    a.
    Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

    sociorum atque amicorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

    deposci atque expeti,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

    excitare atque inflammare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

    honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

    Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
    b.
    Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    Gallorum atque Belgarum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

    Cassius atque Brutus,

    Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

    in portubus atque custodiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

    superatam esse atque depressam,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

    vitiis atque flagitiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

    dignitate atque gloria,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

    virtute atque gloria,

    Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

    labore atque justitia,

    Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

    hilari atque laeto,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

    multae atque magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

    adventu atque nomine,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

    magna atque praeclara,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

    se conlegit atque recreavit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

    provinciarum atque sociorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

    parietum atque tectorum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

    gravis atque vehemens,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
    2.
    The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    sentientes ac bene meritos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

    feri ac barbari,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

    liberis ac conjugibus,

    Liv. 21, 30:

    Romae ac circa urbem,

    id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

    periculum ac discrimen,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

    usus ac disciplina,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

    opima est ac fertilis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    potentissimos ac firmissimos,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

    2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

    Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

    nobilitatis ac juventutis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

    terrore ac metu,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

    insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    gentes ac nationes,

    id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

    celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

    firmamenti ac roboris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

    vectigalibus ac sociis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

    tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

    armatos ac victores,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

    Sall. C. 42, 2:

    opera ac vineae,

    Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

    Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in se simul atque in Herculem,

    id. G. 34:

    suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

    id. ib. 30; so,

    sociis pariter atque hostibus,

    id. H. 4, 73:

    innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

    id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

    verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

    Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

    omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

    Sall. C. 30, 4:

    nobiles atque ignobiles,

    id. ib. 20, 7:

    caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

    Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

    vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
    B.
    Esp.
    a.
    In a hendiadys:

    utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

    with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

    de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

    of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

    Sall. C. 3 fin.:

    clamore atque adsensu,

    shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
    b.
    In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
    (α).
    Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

    Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

    and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

    rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

    and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

    magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

    and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

    hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

    and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

    and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

    fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

    and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

    intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

    id. C. 52, 35.—
    (β).
    With adeo, and that too, and even:

    intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

    qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

    insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

    id. Planc. 19 fin.:

    non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

    Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

    atque adeo autem quor etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
    (γ).
    With etiam:

    id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

    and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

    ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

    Liv. 3, 46.—
    (δ).
    With the dem. pron. hic, is:

    negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

    and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

    maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

    Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

    id. ib. 2, 2:

    duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

    id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

    flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

    id. B. G. 5, 18:

    ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

    dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

    Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
    II.
    In comparisons.
    A.
    Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

    si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

    Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

    pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

    neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

    parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

    magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

    id. Hann. 5, 3:

    pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

    Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

    In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

    equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

    cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

    Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

    Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

    et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

    id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

    similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

    Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

    contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

    Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

    faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

    cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
    B.
    Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

    illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

    other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

    aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

    also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3:

    simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

    id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

    id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

    cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

    id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
    C.
    Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

    once, however, non aliter, ac si,

    Cic. Att. 13, 51;

    v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

    nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

    id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

    quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

    si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

    id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

    tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

    reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

    id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

    quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

    id. Mur. 4 fin.:

    haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

    Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
    D.
    More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

    in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

    haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

    pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

    id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

    num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
    E.
    Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

    nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

    quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

    id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

    quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

    Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
    F.
    Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

    amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

    non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

    Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

    Cat. 61, 172:

    haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

    Verg. A. 3, 561:

    Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

    nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

    Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

    id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
    G.
    In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

    principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

    as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

    judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

    Dig. 21, 1, 25:

    quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

    ib. 16, 1, 24.—
    III.
    To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
    a.
    Absol.:

    Decipiam ac non veniam,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

    si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

    perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

    quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 33:

    si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

    id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

    nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

    id. Att. 1, 16:

    si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

    si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

    id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

    velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

    Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

    si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

    Tac. Or. 1.—
    b.
    With potius:

    Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

    quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

    id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

    concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

    Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
    IV.
    In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
    1.
    In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

    atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

    cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

    multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

    Tac. A. 1, 47:

    Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

    Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
    2.
    In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
    a.
    Absol.:

    maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

    and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
    b.
    Often with etiam:

    Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

    Cic. Or. 40, 139:

    Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
    c.
    Sometimes with quoque:

    Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
    d.
    And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
    3.
    In narration:

    aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

    Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

    completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

    Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init.
    4.
    In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

    Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

    ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

    Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

    12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

    and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

    Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

    Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

    Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

    id. Lael. 15, 54.—
    5.
    In connecting two acts or events.
    a.
    In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

    ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

    And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

    and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

    dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

    lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

    and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

    dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

    Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

    tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

    id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

    cape hoc argentum atque defer,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

    abi domum ac deos comprecare,

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

    tace modo ac sequere hac,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

    Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

    Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

    Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

    id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
    b.
    In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

    and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    With ita or sic:

    Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

    Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

    ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

    Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
    c.
    Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

    non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

    Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
    6.
    (As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

    Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

    hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

    ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

    Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

    And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
    7.
    In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

    Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

    Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

    Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

    Liv. 21, 41, 13:

    Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

    Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

    Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

    Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
    8.
    To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
    a.
    Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

    atque ipsis commentum placet,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

    ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

    ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

    and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

    observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

    Plin. Pan. 26.—
    b.
    With tamen:

    nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

    discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

    id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

    ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

    14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

    id. H. 5, 16.—
    9.
    To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

    ... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

    nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
    10.
    In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
    a.
    A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

    Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

    Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

    id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

    Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

    Ac ne forte putes,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

    Ac ne forte putes etc.,

    Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
    b.
    A positive purpose:

    Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

    Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

    id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
    11.
    a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

    atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
    b.
    In introducing parentheses:

    vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

    Liv. 21, 38:

    omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae.
    c.
    At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

    Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

    Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
    V.
    In particular connections and phrases.
    A.
    Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

    unae atque alterae scalae,

    Sall. J. 60, 7:

    quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

    id. ib. 93, 2:

    unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

    Tac. H. 5, 6:

    dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

    Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

    alius atque alius,

    Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

    aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

    Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
    B.
    Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

    temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

    etiam atque etiam considera,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

    monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

    id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

    iterum atque iterum,

    Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
    C.
    Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
    D.
    Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

    atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

    but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

    Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

    and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
    E.
    Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

    Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

    quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

    id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

    nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

    Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
    F.
    With other conjunctions.
    1.
    After et:

    equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

    Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

    id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

    vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

    Tac. Agr. 32.:

    denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

    Liv. 21, 6, 4:

    ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

    id. 21, 41, 2:

    et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

    Quint. 8, 3, 3:

    Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

    id. 12, 10, 67. —
    2.
    After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

    submoverique atque in castra redigi,

    Liv. 26, 10:

    terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

    id. 21, 52:

    mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

    Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
    3.
    Before et:

    caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

    Tac. Agr. 32.—
    4.
    After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

    nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

    Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

    mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

    Suet. Vesp. 12.—
    G.
    Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

    atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

    omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

    id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

    Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

    Cat. 68, 152:

    Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

    Verg. G. 4, 463:

    Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

    id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

    Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

    Tib. 2, 5, 73:

    complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

    Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.
    ► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
    a.
    In the second place:

    Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

    Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

    Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

    id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

    Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
    b.
    In the third place:

    quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > atque

  • 13 calleo

    callĕo, ēre, v. n. and a. [callum].
    I.
    Neutr.
    A.
    Lit., to be callous, to be thickskinned (rare):

    plagis costae callent,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 4; Caecil. ap. Non. p. 258, 10:

    callent rure manus,

    Auct. Aetn. 260; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 211.—
    B.
    Trop.
    * 1.
    To be hardened, insensible, unfeeling: in illis rebus exercitatus animus callere jam debet atque omnia minoris existimare, Serv. Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2; cf. callisco.—
    2.
    To be practised, to be wise by experience, to be skilful, versed in; in a pun on the literal sense A. supra:

    callum aprugnum callere aeque non sinam,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 2; cf. id. ib. v. 1; so id. Pers. 2, 5, 4:

    omnes homines ad suum quaestum callent,

    id. Truc. 5, 40 (cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 62: callidus ad quaestum); Amm. 15, 2, 4: melius quam viri callent mulieres, Att. ap. Non. p. 257, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 28 Rib.):

    satin' astu et fallendo callet?

    id. ib. p. 258, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 475 ib.):

    quod periti sumus in vitā atque usu callemus magis,

    id. ib. 258, 5:

    si in re navali, cujus esset ignarus, offendisset, eo plus in ea, quorum usu calleret, spei nactus,

    Liv. 35, 26, 10:

    cottidiano usu ejus (negotii) callebant,

    Val. Max. 8, 12, 1; Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 91; 9, 29, 46, § 86:

    augurandi studio Galli praeter caeteros callent,

    Just. 24, 4, 3: arte, Ser. ap. Non. p. 258, 2; Sol. 8:

    bellis callere,

    by military experience, Sil. 6, 90 sq.: fidibus, App. Flor. n. 18.—
    II.
    Act., to know by experience or practice, to know, have the knowledge of, understand (freq., esp. in the poets;

    in Cic. very rare): memini et scio et calleo et commemini,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 52; id. Poen. 3, 1, 71:

    cuncta perdocte callet,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 122:

    alicujus sensum,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 17: istaec malitiosa non tam calleo, Afran. ap. Non. p. 482, 10 (Com. Rel. v. 124 Rib.):

    in colubras callet cantiunculam,

    Pompon. ib. 482, 9 (Com. Rel. v. 118 ib.):

    jura,

    Cic. Balb. 14, 32; Gell. 16, 10, 3:

    urbanas rusticasque res pariter,

    Liv. 39, 40, 4:

    artem,

    Tac. A. 13, 3:

    legitimum sonum digitis callemus et aure,

    Hor. A. P. 274 al. —
    (β).
    With inf. as object: multaque de rerum mixturā dicere callent, * Lucr. 2, 978; Hor. C. 4, 9, 49; Juv. 4, 142; Pers. 5, 105.—
    (γ).
    With acc. and inf.: quem Marcellini consiliarium fuisse callebant, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 258, 8.—
    (δ).
    With rel.-clause:

    quo pacto id fieri soleat, calleo,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 37.—Hence, callens, entis, P. a., acquainted with, versed in, skilful, expert (very rare):

    qui sunt vaticinandi callentes,

    Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 182:

    utriusque linguae,

    Gell. 17, 5, 3:

    bellandi,

    Amm. 16, 12, 32.—
    * Adv.: callenter, skilfully, cunningly; for the class. callide, App. M. 4, p. 150, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > calleo

  • 14 celata

    cēlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (contract. form of the gen. plur. part. pass. celatum = celatorum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15 Ritschl N. cr.) [cf. caligo], to hide something from one, to keep secret, to conceal; constr.,
    I.
    With a double acc., as in Gr kruptô tina ti; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 391 (class. in prose and poetry): neque enim id est celare, quicquid reticeas;

    sed cum, quod tu scias, id ignorare emolumenti tui causā velis eos, quorum intersit id scire, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 57:

    te atque alios partum ut celaret suum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 24:

    ea ne me celet, consuefeci filium,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 29; id. Hec. 3, 1, 40:

    non te celavi sermonem T. Ampii,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3:

    iter omnis celat,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 7:

    ut tegat hoc celetque viros,

    Ov. F. 4, 149.—Rare, aliquem de aliquā re:

    de armis, de ferro, de insidiis celare te noluit?

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; id. Fam. 7, 20, 3 (more freq. in pass.: v. the foll.).— Pass.: celor rem, but more freq. celor hoc, illud, etc., something is concealed from me:

    nosne hoc celatos tam diu,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 23:

    sed tamen indicabo tibi quod mehercule inprimis celatum volebam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4.—More freq. celor de re:

    non est profecto de illo veneno celata mater,

    Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

    credo celatum esse Cassium de Sullā uno,

    id. Sull. 13, 39:

    debes existimare te maximis de rebus a fratre esse celatum,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

    quod neque celari Alexandrini possent in apparanda fugā, Auct. B. Alex. 7.— More rare, mihi res celatur: id Alcibiadi diutius celari non potuit,

    Nep. Alcib. 5, 2 (al. Alcibiades).—
    II.
    With one acc.
    A.
    With acc. of the direct object: aliquid, to conceal, hide, cover; and of persons: aliquem, to hide, conceal one.
    1.
    Aliquid (so most freq.):

    celem tam insperatum gaudium?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 5:

    iras,

    id. Hec. 2, 2, 11:

    sententiam,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60: crudelia consilia dulci formā, * Cat. 64, 175:

    perjuria,

    Tib. 1, 9, 3:

    factum,

    Verg. A. 1, 351:

    aurum,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 42:

    fontium origines,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 45:

    sol diem qui Promis et celas,

    id. C. S. 10:

    manibus uterum,

    to conceal by covering, Ov. M. 2, 463:

    vultus manibus,

    id. ib. 4, 683.—With dat. (locat.) of place:

    sacra alia terrae celavimus,

    Liv. 5. 5, 1, § 9 Weissenb. ad loc. (al. terrā).— Pass.:

    quod celatum est atque occultatum usque adhuc,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 10; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 127:

    quod turpiter factum celari poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5:

    armorum tertia pars celata,

    id. ib. 2, 32 fin.:

    amor celatus,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

    ut celetur consuetio,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 28; so Lucr. 1, 904; 5, 1159; Tib. 1, 2, 34; Prop. 3 (4), 25, 11; Hor. C. 4, 9, 30; Ov. M. 9, 516 et saep.—
    2.
    Aliquem, to hide, conceal one:

    plerosque hi qui receperant, celant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

    aliquem silvis,

    Verg. A. 10, 417; cf. id. ib. 6, 443:

    fugitivum,

    Dig. 11, 4, 1:

    se tenebris,

    Verg. A. 9, 425:

    a domino,

    Dig. 21, 1, 17 pr.— Pass.:

    diu celari (virgo) non potest,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 20:

    celabitur auctor,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 11:

    capillamento celatus,

    Suet. Calig. 11; cf. id. Dom. 1.—
    B.
    With acc. of the remote object: celare aliquem (diff. from the preced.), to conceal, hide from one:

    Jovis hospitalis numen numquam celare potuisset, homines fortasse celavisset,

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; so id. Off. 3, 13, 57; Ov. H. 18, 13 al.— Pass.:

    celabar, excludebar,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 12; id. Fam. 5, 19, 2; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15 (16), 5:

    non ego celari possum, quid, etc.,

    Tib. 1, 8, 1.—
    C.
    Absol.:

    non est celandum,

    Nep. Att. 12, 2:

    celatum indagator,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15.—P. a. as subst.: cēlāta, ōrum, n., secrets:

    et celata omnia Paene pessum dedit,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 127.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > celata

  • 15 celo

    cēlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (contract. form of the gen. plur. part. pass. celatum = celatorum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15 Ritschl N. cr.) [cf. caligo], to hide something from one, to keep secret, to conceal; constr.,
    I.
    With a double acc., as in Gr kruptô tina ti; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 391 (class. in prose and poetry): neque enim id est celare, quicquid reticeas;

    sed cum, quod tu scias, id ignorare emolumenti tui causā velis eos, quorum intersit id scire, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 57:

    te atque alios partum ut celaret suum,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 24:

    ea ne me celet, consuefeci filium,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 29; id. Hec. 3, 1, 40:

    non te celavi sermonem T. Ampii,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3:

    iter omnis celat,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 7:

    ut tegat hoc celetque viros,

    Ov. F. 4, 149.—Rare, aliquem de aliquā re:

    de armis, de ferro, de insidiis celare te noluit?

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; id. Fam. 7, 20, 3 (more freq. in pass.: v. the foll.).— Pass.: celor rem, but more freq. celor hoc, illud, etc., something is concealed from me:

    nosne hoc celatos tam diu,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 23:

    sed tamen indicabo tibi quod mehercule inprimis celatum volebam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4.—More freq. celor de re:

    non est profecto de illo veneno celata mater,

    Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

    credo celatum esse Cassium de Sullā uno,

    id. Sull. 13, 39:

    debes existimare te maximis de rebus a fratre esse celatum,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

    quod neque celari Alexandrini possent in apparanda fugā, Auct. B. Alex. 7.— More rare, mihi res celatur: id Alcibiadi diutius celari non potuit,

    Nep. Alcib. 5, 2 (al. Alcibiades).—
    II.
    With one acc.
    A.
    With acc. of the direct object: aliquid, to conceal, hide, cover; and of persons: aliquem, to hide, conceal one.
    1.
    Aliquid (so most freq.):

    celem tam insperatum gaudium?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 5:

    iras,

    id. Hec. 2, 2, 11:

    sententiam,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60: crudelia consilia dulci formā, * Cat. 64, 175:

    perjuria,

    Tib. 1, 9, 3:

    factum,

    Verg. A. 1, 351:

    aurum,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 42:

    fontium origines,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 45:

    sol diem qui Promis et celas,

    id. C. S. 10:

    manibus uterum,

    to conceal by covering, Ov. M. 2, 463:

    vultus manibus,

    id. ib. 4, 683.—With dat. (locat.) of place:

    sacra alia terrae celavimus,

    Liv. 5. 5, 1, § 9 Weissenb. ad loc. (al. terrā).— Pass.:

    quod celatum est atque occultatum usque adhuc,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 10; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 127:

    quod turpiter factum celari poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5:

    armorum tertia pars celata,

    id. ib. 2, 32 fin.:

    amor celatus,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

    ut celetur consuetio,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 28; so Lucr. 1, 904; 5, 1159; Tib. 1, 2, 34; Prop. 3 (4), 25, 11; Hor. C. 4, 9, 30; Ov. M. 9, 516 et saep.—
    2.
    Aliquem, to hide, conceal one:

    plerosque hi qui receperant, celant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

    aliquem silvis,

    Verg. A. 10, 417; cf. id. ib. 6, 443:

    fugitivum,

    Dig. 11, 4, 1:

    se tenebris,

    Verg. A. 9, 425:

    a domino,

    Dig. 21, 1, 17 pr.— Pass.:

    diu celari (virgo) non potest,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 20:

    celabitur auctor,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 11:

    capillamento celatus,

    Suet. Calig. 11; cf. id. Dom. 1.—
    B.
    With acc. of the remote object: celare aliquem (diff. from the preced.), to conceal, hide from one:

    Jovis hospitalis numen numquam celare potuisset, homines fortasse celavisset,

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; so id. Off. 3, 13, 57; Ov. H. 18, 13 al.— Pass.:

    celabar, excludebar,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 12; id. Fam. 5, 19, 2; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15 (16), 5:

    non ego celari possum, quid, etc.,

    Tib. 1, 8, 1.—
    C.
    Absol.:

    non est celandum,

    Nep. Att. 12, 2:

    celatum indagator,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15.—P. a. as subst.: cēlāta, ōrum, n., secrets:

    et celata omnia Paene pessum dedit,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 127.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > celo

  • 16 gratus

    grātus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. har-jami, love, desire; Gr. chairô, charma, charis].
    I.
    Pass., beloved, dear, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable (syn.: acceptus, jucundus, optatus, dulcis, blandus, suavis; in this signif. in ante-Aug. prose, viz. in Cic. and Cæs., only of things; gratiosus, mostly of persons).
    A.
    Of things:

    non ille (amor tuus) quidem mihi ignotus, sed tamen gratus et optatus: dicerem jucundus, nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1; cf.:

    illud tamen dicam, mihi id, quod fecisti, esse gratissimum. Tale enim tuum judicium non potest mihi non summe esse jucundum. Quod cum ita sit, esse gratum necesse est,

    id. ib. 13, 8, 2:

    ista veritas, etiam si jucunda non est, mihi tamen grata est,

    id. Att. 3, 24, 2; cf. also: cujus officia jucundiora licet saepe mihi fuerint, numquam tamen gratiora, id. Fam. 4, 6, 1:

    quae omnia mihi jucunda, hoc extremum etiam gratum fuit,

    id. ib. 10, 3, 1;

    so corresp. or connected with jucundus,

    id. ib. 1, 17, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51; id. Cat. 4, 1, 1; Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 14; Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 1; 8, 23, 5:

    quid est, quod aut populo Romano gratius esse debeat aut sociis exterisque nationibus optatius esse possit,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 7; so with optatus cf. above, the passage Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1: quod approbaris, id gratum acceptumque habendum. id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45; cf.:

    mihi pol grata acceptaque hujus est benignitas,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 49; Cat. 96, 1:

    munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

    Nep. Hann. 7;

    rarely in the contrary order: quorum mihi Dona accepta et grata habeo, tuaque ingrata,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56: Tox. Credidi gratum fore Beneficium meum apud te. Do. Immo equidem gratiam tibi habeo, id. Pers. 4, 7, 8; cf.:

    grata tibi esse mea officia non miror: cognovi enim te gratissimum omnium, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    quam multi, ut Galli, ut Poeni homines immolare et pium et diis immortalibus gratissimum esse duxerunt!

    Cic. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5; Cic. ap. Non. 398, 28 (Rep. 6, 2 Mos.); cf. in comp.:

    sedere in his scholis gratius erat quam ire per solitudines, etc.,

    Plin. 26, 2, 6, § 11; cf.

    also: hedera est gratissima Baccho,

    Ov. F. 3, 767:

    dapibus supremi Grata testudo Jovis,

    Hor. C. 1, 32, 14:

    eoque erat cujusque gratior in re publica virtus, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34 fin.; 2, 35:

    o diva, gratum quae regis Antium,

    Hor. C. 1, 35, 1; cf.:

    grato sub antro,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 3:

    locus,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 46:

    tempus,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 198:

    hora,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 14:

    dies,

    id. C. 4, 5, 7:

    lux,

    id. S. 1, 5, 39:

    nox,

    id. Carm. Sec. 23:

    carmina,

    id. C. 1, 15, 14; 3, 11, 23:

    artes,

    id. ib. 4, 13, 22:

    error mentis,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 140:

    protervitas,

    id. C. 1, 19, 7 et saep.:

    feceris, si de re publica quid sentias explicaris, nobis gratum omnibus,

    will do us all a favor, Cic. Rep. 1, 21 fin.; cf.:

    quamobrem utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,

    id. Lael. 4, 16:

    quod si eum interfecerit, multis sese nobilibus gratum esse facturum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 20:

    quapropter gratissimum mihi feceris, si curaris, ut, etc.... Hoc mihi gratius facere nihil potes,

    a very great favor... no greater favor, Cic. Fam. 13, 44:

    is adulescens ita locatus est, ut, quae rebus grata erant, gratiora verbis faceret,

    Liv. 45, 13, 13:

    gratum elocuta consiliantibus Junone divis,

    something pleasant, Hor. C. 3, 3, 17.—
    B.
    Of living beings.
    (α).
    With dat.:

    Herophile Phoebo grata,

    Tib. 2, 5, 68; cf.:

    vates diis gratissima,

    Ov. F. 1, 585; and:

    superis deorum gratus (Mercurius) et imis,

    Hor. C. 1, 10, 20:

    donec gratus eram tibi,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 1; cf. Prop. 1, 2, 31:

    gratus Alexandro regi Magno fuit ille Choerilus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 232; Suet. Caes. 27:

    cui (Maecenati) cum se gratum et acceptum in modum amici videret,

    id. Gramm. 21:

    filio ejus Fausto gratissimus fuit,

    id. ib. 12:

    (cervus) gratus erat tibi,

    Ov. M. 10, 121.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    olim gratus eram,

    Prop. 1, 12, 7; Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:

    conviva,

    id. S. 2, 2, 119:

    comitum gratissime,

    Ov. M. 14, 221; cf.:

    juvenum gratissime Crantor,

    id. ib. 12, 367:

    o mihi de fratris longe gratissime natis,

    id. ib. 12, 586:

    quaestor consulibus suis non minus jucundus et gratus quam usui fuit,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 5.—Hence, subst.: grātus, i, m., a favorite, darling:

    quam (classem) non amicorum sed gratorum appellabat,

    Suet. Tib. 46 fin.
    II.
    Act., thankful, grateful; thankworthy, deserving or procuring thanks (beneficii memor):

    cognovi te gratissimum omnium: nec enim tu mihi habuisti modo gratiam, verum etiam cumulatissime retulisti,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1; cf. id. Leg. 1, 18, 49:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, cum te re ipsa atque animo scirem esse gratissimum, tamen, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    si bene de me meritis gratum me praebeo, etc.,

    id. Planc. 38, 91 (v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 508); cf.:

    ut grati ac memores beneficii esse videantur,

    id. Agr. 2, 8, 21:

    Hegesaratus, magnis meis beneficiis ornatus in consulatu suo, memor et gratus fuit,

    id. Fam. 13, 25; cf. also id. Att. 9, 11, A, 3:

    tu quam gratus erga me fueris, ipse existimare potes,

    id. Fam. 5, 5, 2; cf.: ut quam gratissimus erga te esse cognoscerer, id. ib. 1, 5, 1; Quint. 11, 2, 12: gratiorem me esse in te, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 1:

    si quod adest gratum juvat,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 13; id. C. 1, 12, 39:

    laudo vos, Quirites, cum gratissimis animis prosequimini nomen clarissimi adolescentis,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 14, 11, 30, and 10, 3, 7:

    tu, quamcumque deus tibi fortunaverit horam, gratā sume manu,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 23:

    quod tamen nunc faciam: tum, cum gratum mihi esse potuit, nolui,

    i. e. might have procured me thanks, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

    est istuc datum Profecto, ut grata mihi sint, quae facio, omnia,

    id. Eun. 3, 1, 6 Ruhnk.; cf.:

    didicisse, quam sit re pulchrum, beneficio gratum, fama gloriosum, tyrannum occidere,

    productive of gratitude, Cic. Phil. 2, 46, 117:

    pro quibus beneficiis vix satis gratus videar,

    Sall. H. 2, 41, 5 Dietsch.— Hence, adv.: grātē.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. = jucunde.) With pleasure, agreeably, willingly (rare in the class. period):

    praeterita grate meminit et, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

    liberti pupillorum grate facient, si, etc.,

    Dig. 26, 10, 3:

    insignis haec munificentia... nec a debitoribus magis quam a creditoribus gratius excepta,

    Just. 12, 11, 2:

    gratissime provocari,

    Macr. S. 7, 2.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II.) Thankfully, gratefully (class.):

    aliquid et grate et pie facere,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 98; cf.:

    quid pie, quid grate, quid humaniter, aut fecerit aut tulerit,

    id. de Or. 2, 11, 46; Suet. Aug. 66:

    natales grate numeras,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 210:

    beneficium qui dat, vult accipi grate,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 31:

    aliquid recipere,

    Suet. Ner. 22; and in sup.:

    id munus inter censoria opera gratissime acceptum est,

    Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 214.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gratus

  • 17 nihil

    nĭhil, or (ante-class. and post-Aug.) contr. nīl, n. indecl.; and nĭhĭlum, or contr. nīlum, i, n. [ne-hilum, not the least; v. hilum].
    I.
    nĭhil, nothing:

    nihil est agriculturā melius, nihil uberius,

    Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

    de re publicā nihil loquebantur,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—
    (β).
    Nihil agere, to accomplish nothing:

    nil agis,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 134:

    nihil agis dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

    nihil ergo agebat Q. Maximus? nihil L. Paulus? ceteri senes nihil agebant?

    id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Hor. S. 1, 9, 15; Luc. 7, 809; Vell. 2, 66, 3.—In like manner, nihil per aliquem (sc. agere):

    nihil per Senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6; Tac. Agr. 19.—
    (γ).
    Of persons:

    victor, quo nihil erat moderatius,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

    ita tibi persuadeas, mihi te carius nihil fuisse,

    id. ib. 14, 3, 5:

    nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

    id. Part. 17, 57; Tac. H. 1, 79; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1.—
    (δ).
    Nihil, nec.. nec (without destroying the negation):

    nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo, nec obscurare dicendo,

    Cic. Clu. 1, 1; v. neque.—
    (ε).
    Nihil non, everything:

    nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

    Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

    nihil non arroget armis,

    Hor. A. P. 122; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Non nihil and haud nihil, something, somewhat:

    non nihil, ut in tantis malis, est profectum,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 2:

    non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 2:

    haud nihil,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13:

    haud nihil ambigam,

    I may be somewhat in doubt, Liv. 1, 3.—
    (η).
    Nihil quidquam or nihil unum, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

    nil ego tibi hodie consili quicquam dabo,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 113:

    sine studio nihil quidquam egregium nemo umquam assequetur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

    Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

    Liv. 41, 20, 7:

    si nihil aliud,

    if there were nothing else, id. 3, 19, 7; 30, 35, 8.—
    (θ).
    With gen.:

    nihil mali,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    nihil novi,

    id. Fam. 2, 14, 1:

    nihil humanarum rerum,

    id. Red. Quir. 5, 1:

    nihil est lucri quod me hodie facere mavelim, quam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 18.—Adjectives also, of the second declension as well as of the third, are not unfrequently joined to nihil in the same case, as nihil honestum, lautum, forte, illustre:

    nihil exspectatione vestrā dignum dico,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137.—
    (ι).
    Nihil, or mhil aliud, with nisi, quam, praeter, praeterquam, etc., nothing else than, nothing except, nothing but:

    tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

    amare nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

    si nihil aliud fecerunt, nisi rem detulerunt, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108:

    ut nihil aliud, quam de hoste cogitet,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    nihil tibi deest praeter voluntatem,

    nothing except, id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

    puto te existimare, me ex his miseriis nihil aliud quaerere, nisi ut homines intellegant, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 16:

    qui nihil praeterquam de vitā cogitarent, Auct. B. Alex. 8.—Sometimes, in this connection, elliptically: Herdonius, si nihil aliud, hostem se fatendo prope denuntiavit, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 19, 6:

    si nihil aliud, vulneribus certe ferrum hostile hebetarent,

    id. 30, 35, 8:

    illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilatum est in urbe,

    id. 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 83.—Hence, as adv.: nihil aliud quam, only:

    nihil aliud quam prendere prohibito,

    Liv. 2, 29, 4:

    is intromissus in castra nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur,

    id. 2, 32, 8:

    nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit,

    id. 2, 49, 9 al. —
    (κ).
    Nihil... quin or quominus, nothing whereby: nihil praetermisi... quin Pompeium a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem, I have omitted nothing that might separate, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 23:

    nihil moror, quominus decemviratu abeam,

    Liv. 3, 54:

    nihil facere oportet, quominus excedat, etc.,

    Cels. 3, 27, 4.—
    (λ).
    Nihil est quod, cur, quamobrem, etc., there is no reason why I ( you, etc.) need not:

    nihil est jam, quod tu mihi succenseas,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 46:

    nihil est, quod adventum nostrum extimescas,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 4:

    sed ego nunc nil est, cur me morer,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 102:

    nihil est, cur advenientibus te offerre gestias,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1:

    nihil excogitem, quamobrem Oppianico damnari necesse sit?

    id. Clu. 26, 70.—
    (μ).
    Nihil est, ut, there is nothing that:

    nihil fuit in Catulis, ut eos exquisito judicio putares uti litterarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—
    (ν).
    Nihil est, it is of no use, to no purpose, in vain:

    at ego ab hac puerum reposcam, ne mox infitias eat. Nihil est. Nam ipsa haec ultro, ut factum est, fecit omnem rem palam,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76: at nihil est, ignotum ad illum mittere: operam luseris. id. Capt. 2, 2, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 6.—In a question:

    usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum hausit Aventini?

    Juv. 3, 84.—
    (ο).
    Nihil ad me (sc. pertinet):

    recte an secus, nihil ad nos: aut si ad nos, nihil ad hoc tempus,

    Cic. Pis. 28, 68; cf. Ter. And. 1, 2, 16; also, nihil ad, nothing to, nothing in comparison with:

    nihil ad Persium,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

    nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar, sed ex eis, quos habuit, electos,

    id. Deiot. 8, 24.—
    (π).
    Nihil minus, nothing less so, i. e. by no means, not at all:

    cadit ergo in virum bonum mentiri, fallere? nihil minus,

    Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81:

    an Gallos existimatis hic versari animo demisso atque humili? nihil vero minus,

    id. Font. 11, 23.—
    (ρ).
    Nihil dum, nothing as yet:

    quamquam nihil dum audieramus, nec ubi esses, nec, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2; id. Att. 7, 12, 4.—
    (σ).
    Nihil mihi cum illo est, I have nothing to do with him:

    tecum nihil rei nobis Demipho est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74; Ov. F 2, 308.—
    (τ).
    Nihil esse, to be nothing or nobody, to have no power, to be of no use, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47; id. Fam. 7, 27, 2; 7, 33, 1; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14:

    aliquem nihil putare,

    to esteem meanly, Cic. Sest. 53, 114 (B. and K. nihili):

    accepimus eum nihil hominis esse,

    a worthless fellow, id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77; but de Attio Dionysio nihil puto esse, nothing about him, i. e. no news of him, id. Fam. 12, 30, 5.—
    (υ).
    Aut nihil aut paulum, little or nothing (Gr. oligon ê ouden):

    aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna,

    Cat. 68, 131.—
    B.
    Adverb.
    1.
    Not (as a strengthened non), in nothing, in no respect, not at all:

    me nihil poenitet,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 63; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16:

    conjecturā nihil opus est,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 107; Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    beneficio isto legis nihil utitur,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61:

    de fratre nihil ego te accusavi,

    id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

    Thebani nihil moti sunt,

    Liv. 42, 46; 3, 65; 6, 38; 49; Sall. C. 16, 5:

    nihil miror,

    Quint. 2, 17, 15; 6, 1, 38.—
    2.
    To no purpose, in vain:

    herele hanc quidem Nihil tu amassis: mihi haec desponsa est,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 16.—
    3.
    For no reason: quorsum tandem aut cur ista quaeris? M Nihil sane, nisi ne nimis diligenter anquiras, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4. —
    II.
    nĭhĭlum, i (contr. form nīlum, Lucr. 1, 159; Hor. S. 1, 5, 67), n., nothing:

    erit aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum subito occidat,

    Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

    ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

    id. Fat. 9, 18:

    interire in nihilum,

    id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

    venire ad nihilum,

    id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

    ad nihilum recidere,

    id. Phil. 7, 8, 27: quam mihi ista pro nihilol id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

    aliquid pro nihilo putare,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40.—
    (β).
    Nihili, of no value, worthless:

    quem putamus esse non hili, dicimus nihili,

    Varr. L. L. 10, § 81 Müll.; cf.: nihili, qui nec hili quidem est. Paul. ex Fest. p. 175 Müll.:

    unde is nihili? ubi fuisti?

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 29: nihili est autem suum Qui officium facere immemor est. id. Ps. 4, 7, 2:

    homo nihili factus,

    unmanned, id. Mil. 5, 16.—Hence, nihili pendere or facere, to esteem as nothing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 14.—
    (γ).
    De nihilo, for nothing, without cause or reason, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17:

    mali rem exempli esse, de nihilo hospites corripi,

    Liv. 34, 61; 30, 29.—
    (δ).
    Nihilo, with compp., by nothing, no: nihilo pluris, quam si, etc., no more than if, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 21:

    nihilo minus,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 49:

    Phaedriae esse nilo minus amicum quam Antiphoni,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 7 (but minus nihilo, less than nothing, id. ib. 3, 3, 2):

    nihilo benevolentior,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

    nihilo major,

    id. ib. 6, 3, 4:

    nihilo tamen setius,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 4 and 7:

    nihil segnius,

    Liv. 6, 38.—Esp. as adv.: nĭhĭlō mĭnus, or, in one word, nĭhĭlōmĭnus, none the less, no less, nevertheless, notwith standing.
    1.
    In gen.:

    minus dolendum fuit re non perfectā, sed puniendum certe nihilo minus,

    Cic. Mil. 7, 19; id. Phil. 5, 9, 26; Quint. 8, 3, 85.—
    2.
    With si, etsi, quamvis, quamquam, ut, etc.:

    in iis rebus, quae nihilo minus, ut ego absim, confici possunt,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2:

    nihilo minus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi ea quidam perverse abutuntur,

    id. Inv. 1, 4, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

    alia sunt, quae quamvis nolit accidere, nihilominus laudat,

    Sen. Ep. 66, 44:

    si nihil fiet, nihilominus, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 39, 2.—
    3.
    Strengthened by tamen:

    nihilominus ego hoc faciam tamen,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17.—
    (ε).
    Nihilo aliter, no otherwise:

    ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 45.—
    B.
    Transf., adverb., for non, not, by no means:

    nihilum metuenda timere,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 53. —
    III.
    nīl, nothing, no (rare and mostly poet.;

    in Cic. not at all): nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce durum,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31; id. C. 4, 4, 73:

    nil sanguinis,

    no drop of blood, Ov. M. 13, 266:

    nil sui,

    nothing proper, id. ib. 3, 435; Vulg. Prov. 10, 2 (in Caes. B. G. 5, 29, the true reading is nihil):

    hoc ridere meum, tam nil, nulla tibi vendo Iliade,

    such a trifle, Pers. 1, 122.—
    B.
    Transf. as adv., not at all, by no means:

    nil opus est verbis,

    Lucr. 5, 263:

    ut nil umor abundet,

    id. 5, 265; 1, 266:

    nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit,

    Hor. C. 1, 14, 14.—
    IV.
    nīlum, abl. nīlo, nothing (Lucretian):

    ad nilum revorti,

    Lucr. 1, 237; so id. 1, 673; 791; 797; 2, 756;

    864: nil igitur fieri de nilo posse,

    id. 1, 205; 266.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nihil

  • 18 nihilo minus

    nĭhil, or (ante-class. and post-Aug.) contr. nīl, n. indecl.; and nĭhĭlum, or contr. nīlum, i, n. [ne-hilum, not the least; v. hilum].
    I.
    nĭhil, nothing:

    nihil est agriculturā melius, nihil uberius,

    Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

    de re publicā nihil loquebantur,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—
    (β).
    Nihil agere, to accomplish nothing:

    nil agis,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 134:

    nihil agis dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

    nihil ergo agebat Q. Maximus? nihil L. Paulus? ceteri senes nihil agebant?

    id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Hor. S. 1, 9, 15; Luc. 7, 809; Vell. 2, 66, 3.—In like manner, nihil per aliquem (sc. agere):

    nihil per Senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6; Tac. Agr. 19.—
    (γ).
    Of persons:

    victor, quo nihil erat moderatius,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

    ita tibi persuadeas, mihi te carius nihil fuisse,

    id. ib. 14, 3, 5:

    nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

    id. Part. 17, 57; Tac. H. 1, 79; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1.—
    (δ).
    Nihil, nec.. nec (without destroying the negation):

    nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo, nec obscurare dicendo,

    Cic. Clu. 1, 1; v. neque.—
    (ε).
    Nihil non, everything:

    nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

    Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

    nihil non arroget armis,

    Hor. A. P. 122; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Non nihil and haud nihil, something, somewhat:

    non nihil, ut in tantis malis, est profectum,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 2:

    non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 2:

    haud nihil,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13:

    haud nihil ambigam,

    I may be somewhat in doubt, Liv. 1, 3.—
    (η).
    Nihil quidquam or nihil unum, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

    nil ego tibi hodie consili quicquam dabo,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 113:

    sine studio nihil quidquam egregium nemo umquam assequetur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

    Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

    Liv. 41, 20, 7:

    si nihil aliud,

    if there were nothing else, id. 3, 19, 7; 30, 35, 8.—
    (θ).
    With gen.:

    nihil mali,

    Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

    nihil novi,

    id. Fam. 2, 14, 1:

    nihil humanarum rerum,

    id. Red. Quir. 5, 1:

    nihil est lucri quod me hodie facere mavelim, quam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 18.—Adjectives also, of the second declension as well as of the third, are not unfrequently joined to nihil in the same case, as nihil honestum, lautum, forte, illustre:

    nihil exspectatione vestrā dignum dico,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137.—
    (ι).
    Nihil, or mhil aliud, with nisi, quam, praeter, praeterquam, etc., nothing else than, nothing except, nothing but:

    tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

    amare nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

    si nihil aliud fecerunt, nisi rem detulerunt, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108:

    ut nihil aliud, quam de hoste cogitet,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    nihil tibi deest praeter voluntatem,

    nothing except, id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

    puto te existimare, me ex his miseriis nihil aliud quaerere, nisi ut homines intellegant, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 16:

    qui nihil praeterquam de vitā cogitarent, Auct. B. Alex. 8.—Sometimes, in this connection, elliptically: Herdonius, si nihil aliud, hostem se fatendo prope denuntiavit, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 19, 6:

    si nihil aliud, vulneribus certe ferrum hostile hebetarent,

    id. 30, 35, 8:

    illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilatum est in urbe,

    id. 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 83.—Hence, as adv.: nihil aliud quam, only:

    nihil aliud quam prendere prohibito,

    Liv. 2, 29, 4:

    is intromissus in castra nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur,

    id. 2, 32, 8:

    nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit,

    id. 2, 49, 9 al. —
    (κ).
    Nihil... quin or quominus, nothing whereby: nihil praetermisi... quin Pompeium a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem, I have omitted nothing that might separate, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 23:

    nihil moror, quominus decemviratu abeam,

    Liv. 3, 54:

    nihil facere oportet, quominus excedat, etc.,

    Cels. 3, 27, 4.—
    (λ).
    Nihil est quod, cur, quamobrem, etc., there is no reason why I ( you, etc.) need not:

    nihil est jam, quod tu mihi succenseas,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 46:

    nihil est, quod adventum nostrum extimescas,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 4:

    sed ego nunc nil est, cur me morer,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 102:

    nihil est, cur advenientibus te offerre gestias,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1:

    nihil excogitem, quamobrem Oppianico damnari necesse sit?

    id. Clu. 26, 70.—
    (μ).
    Nihil est, ut, there is nothing that:

    nihil fuit in Catulis, ut eos exquisito judicio putares uti litterarum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—
    (ν).
    Nihil est, it is of no use, to no purpose, in vain:

    at ego ab hac puerum reposcam, ne mox infitias eat. Nihil est. Nam ipsa haec ultro, ut factum est, fecit omnem rem palam,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76: at nihil est, ignotum ad illum mittere: operam luseris. id. Capt. 2, 2, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 6.—In a question:

    usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum hausit Aventini?

    Juv. 3, 84.—
    (ο).
    Nihil ad me (sc. pertinet):

    recte an secus, nihil ad nos: aut si ad nos, nihil ad hoc tempus,

    Cic. Pis. 28, 68; cf. Ter. And. 1, 2, 16; also, nihil ad, nothing to, nothing in comparison with:

    nihil ad Persium,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

    nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar, sed ex eis, quos habuit, electos,

    id. Deiot. 8, 24.—
    (π).
    Nihil minus, nothing less so, i. e. by no means, not at all:

    cadit ergo in virum bonum mentiri, fallere? nihil minus,

    Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81:

    an Gallos existimatis hic versari animo demisso atque humili? nihil vero minus,

    id. Font. 11, 23.—
    (ρ).
    Nihil dum, nothing as yet:

    quamquam nihil dum audieramus, nec ubi esses, nec, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2; id. Att. 7, 12, 4.—
    (σ).
    Nihil mihi cum illo est, I have nothing to do with him:

    tecum nihil rei nobis Demipho est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74; Ov. F 2, 308.—
    (τ).
    Nihil esse, to be nothing or nobody, to have no power, to be of no use, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47; id. Fam. 7, 27, 2; 7, 33, 1; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14:

    aliquem nihil putare,

    to esteem meanly, Cic. Sest. 53, 114 (B. and K. nihili):

    accepimus eum nihil hominis esse,

    a worthless fellow, id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77; but de Attio Dionysio nihil puto esse, nothing about him, i. e. no news of him, id. Fam. 12, 30, 5.—
    (υ).
    Aut nihil aut paulum, little or nothing (Gr. oligon ê ouden):

    aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna,

    Cat. 68, 131.—
    B.
    Adverb.
    1.
    Not (as a strengthened non), in nothing, in no respect, not at all:

    me nihil poenitet,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 63; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16:

    conjecturā nihil opus est,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 107; Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

    beneficio isto legis nihil utitur,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61:

    de fratre nihil ego te accusavi,

    id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

    Thebani nihil moti sunt,

    Liv. 42, 46; 3, 65; 6, 38; 49; Sall. C. 16, 5:

    nihil miror,

    Quint. 2, 17, 15; 6, 1, 38.—
    2.
    To no purpose, in vain:

    herele hanc quidem Nihil tu amassis: mihi haec desponsa est,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 16.—
    3.
    For no reason: quorsum tandem aut cur ista quaeris? M Nihil sane, nisi ne nimis diligenter anquiras, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4. —
    II.
    nĭhĭlum, i (contr. form nīlum, Lucr. 1, 159; Hor. S. 1, 5, 67), n., nothing:

    erit aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum subito occidat,

    Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

    ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

    id. Fat. 9, 18:

    interire in nihilum,

    id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

    venire ad nihilum,

    id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

    ad nihilum recidere,

    id. Phil. 7, 8, 27: quam mihi ista pro nihilol id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

    aliquid pro nihilo putare,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40.—
    (β).
    Nihili, of no value, worthless:

    quem putamus esse non hili, dicimus nihili,

    Varr. L. L. 10, § 81 Müll.; cf.: nihili, qui nec hili quidem est. Paul. ex Fest. p. 175 Müll.:

    unde is nihili? ubi fuisti?

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 29: nihili est autem suum Qui officium facere immemor est. id. Ps. 4, 7, 2:

    homo nihili factus,

    unmanned, id. Mil. 5, 16.—Hence, nihili pendere or facere, to esteem as nothing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 14.—
    (γ).
    De nihilo, for nothing, without cause or reason, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17:

    mali rem exempli esse, de nihilo hospites corripi,

    Liv. 34, 61; 30, 29.—
    (δ).
    Nihilo, with compp., by nothing, no: nihilo pluris, quam si, etc., no more than if, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 21:

    nihilo minus,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 49:

    Phaedriae esse nilo minus amicum quam Antiphoni,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 7 (but minus nihilo, less than nothing, id. ib. 3, 3, 2):

    nihilo benevolentior,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

    nihilo major,

    id. ib. 6, 3, 4:

    nihilo tamen setius,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 4 and 7:

    nihil segnius,

    Liv. 6, 38.—Esp. as adv.: nĭhĭlō mĭnus, or, in one word, nĭhĭlōmĭnus, none the less, no less, nevertheless, notwith standing.
    1.
    In gen.:

    minus dolendum fuit re non perfectā, sed puniendum certe nihilo minus,

    Cic. Mil. 7, 19; id. Phil. 5, 9, 26; Quint. 8, 3, 85.—
    2.
    With si, etsi, quamvis, quamquam, ut, etc.:

    in iis rebus, quae nihilo minus, ut ego absim, confici possunt,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2:

    nihilo minus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi ea quidam perverse abutuntur,

    id. Inv. 1, 4, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

    alia sunt, quae quamvis nolit accidere, nihilominus laudat,

    Sen. Ep. 66, 44:

    si nihil fiet, nihilominus, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 39, 2.—
    3.
    Strengthened by tamen:

    nihilominus ego hoc faciam tamen,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17.—
    (ε).
    Nihilo aliter, no otherwise:

    ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 45.—
    B.
    Transf., adverb., for non, not, by no means:

    nihilum metuenda timere,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 53. —
    III.
    nīl, nothing, no (rare and mostly poet.;

    in Cic. not at all): nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce durum,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31; id. C. 4, 4, 73:

    nil sanguinis,

    no drop of blood, Ov. M. 13, 266:

    nil sui,

    nothing proper, id. ib. 3, 435; Vulg. Prov. 10, 2 (in Caes. B. G. 5, 29, the true reading is nihil):

    hoc ridere meum, tam nil, nulla tibi vendo Iliade,

    such a trifle, Pers. 1, 122.—
    B.
    Transf. as adv., not at all, by no means:

    nil opus est verbis,

    Lucr. 5, 263:

    ut nil umor abundet,

    id. 5, 265; 1, 266:

    nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit,

    Hor. C. 1, 14, 14.—
    IV.
    nīlum, abl. nīlo, nothing (Lucretian):

    ad nilum revorti,

    Lucr. 1, 237; so id. 1, 673; 791; 797; 2, 756;

    864: nil igitur fieri de nilo posse,

    id. 1, 205; 266.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nihilo minus

  • 19 nolle

    nōlo, nōlŭi, nolle (nevis for non vis, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 2, 75; id. Poen. 5, 2, 119 al.:

    nevolt for non vult,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 80; id. Most. 1, 2, 29; Titin. ap. Non. 144, 7; v. Don. ad Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 2: noltis for non vultis, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 381 P.; gerund. abl. nolendo, Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 27), v. irreg. [ne-volo], to wish, or will... not; not to wish, to be unwilling.
    I.
    In gen., with inf., or acc. and inf.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:

    nolumus,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 85:

    novi ingenium mulierum: nolunt, ubi velis: ubi nolis, cupiunt ultro,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 43:

    etiamsi nolint,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47:

    nolo, eundem populum imperatorem et portitorem esse terrarum,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 7:

    pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    nollet carmine quemquam Describi,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 153:

    procedere recte Qui moechos non voltis,

    id. S. 1, 2, 38.—Esp. freq. in imp., noli, nolito, nolite, etc., with inf. periphrastically for the imp., do not:

    noli irascier,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 60; 65:

    noli avorsari,

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 1:

    noli putare,

    Cic. Brut. 33, 125: nolito putare, Lucil. ap. Non. 505, 20: nolite, hospites, ad me adire, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 404 Vahl.):

    nolite, judices, existimare, etc.,

    Cic. Fl. 42, 105: nolitote mirari, Sisenn. ap. Non. 481, 2:

    noli vexare,

    Juv. 1, 126.— Sometimes with velle pleonastically:

    nolite, judices... hunc jam naturā ipsā occidentem velle maturius exstingui vulnere vestro, quam suo fato,

    Cic. Cael. 32, 79; Nep. Att. 4, 2.—Sometimes followed by a negative, which does not destroy the negation:

    nolui deesse, ne tacitae quidem flagitioni tuae,

    Cic. Top. 1, 5; Liv. 2, 45: nollem, I would not, I could wish not:

    nollem factum,

    I am sorry for it, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 11:

    Carthaginem et Numantiam funditus sustulerunt: nollem Corinthum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35: quod nolim, which Heaven forbid:

    videbis, si erit, quod nolim, arcessendus, ne, etc.,

    id. Att. 7, 18, 3; Ov. H. 20, 100: non nolle, to have no objection, to be willing:

    cum se non nolle dixisset,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75:

    quos ego nominarem: neque ipsi nolunt,

    and they have no objection, id. Sull. 26, 72.— Part. pres.:

    me nolente,

    without my consent, against my will, Quint. 3, 6, 68:

    nolente senatu,

    Luc. 1, 274:

    nolentibus umbris,

    id. 2, 175.—
    II.
    In partic., to wish ill, be adverse to a person (very rare):

    cui qui nolunt, iidem tibi, quod eum ornāsti, non sunt amici,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3.— P. a.: nōlens, entis, unwilling (post-Aug. for invitus):

    dignitati ejus aliquid adstruere inopinantis, nescientis, immo etiam fortasse nolentis,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 2, 3; Cels. 1, 8; Quint. 3, 6, 68.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nolle

  • 20 nolo

    nōlo, nōlŭi, nolle (nevis for non vis, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 2, 75; id. Poen. 5, 2, 119 al.:

    nevolt for non vult,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 80; id. Most. 1, 2, 29; Titin. ap. Non. 144, 7; v. Don. ad Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 2: noltis for non vultis, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 381 P.; gerund. abl. nolendo, Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 27), v. irreg. [ne-volo], to wish, or will... not; not to wish, to be unwilling.
    I.
    In gen., with inf., or acc. and inf.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:

    nolumus,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 85:

    novi ingenium mulierum: nolunt, ubi velis: ubi nolis, cupiunt ultro,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 43:

    etiamsi nolint,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47:

    nolo, eundem populum imperatorem et portitorem esse terrarum,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 7:

    pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    nollet carmine quemquam Describi,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 153:

    procedere recte Qui moechos non voltis,

    id. S. 1, 2, 38.—Esp. freq. in imp., noli, nolito, nolite, etc., with inf. periphrastically for the imp., do not:

    noli irascier,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 60; 65:

    noli avorsari,

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 1:

    noli putare,

    Cic. Brut. 33, 125: nolito putare, Lucil. ap. Non. 505, 20: nolite, hospites, ad me adire, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 404 Vahl.):

    nolite, judices, existimare, etc.,

    Cic. Fl. 42, 105: nolitote mirari, Sisenn. ap. Non. 481, 2:

    noli vexare,

    Juv. 1, 126.— Sometimes with velle pleonastically:

    nolite, judices... hunc jam naturā ipsā occidentem velle maturius exstingui vulnere vestro, quam suo fato,

    Cic. Cael. 32, 79; Nep. Att. 4, 2.—Sometimes followed by a negative, which does not destroy the negation:

    nolui deesse, ne tacitae quidem flagitioni tuae,

    Cic. Top. 1, 5; Liv. 2, 45: nollem, I would not, I could wish not:

    nollem factum,

    I am sorry for it, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 11:

    Carthaginem et Numantiam funditus sustulerunt: nollem Corinthum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35: quod nolim, which Heaven forbid:

    videbis, si erit, quod nolim, arcessendus, ne, etc.,

    id. Att. 7, 18, 3; Ov. H. 20, 100: non nolle, to have no objection, to be willing:

    cum se non nolle dixisset,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75:

    quos ego nominarem: neque ipsi nolunt,

    and they have no objection, id. Sull. 26, 72.— Part. pres.:

    me nolente,

    without my consent, against my will, Quint. 3, 6, 68:

    nolente senatu,

    Luc. 1, 274:

    nolentibus umbris,

    id. 2, 175.—
    II.
    In partic., to wish ill, be adverse to a person (very rare):

    cui qui nolunt, iidem tibi, quod eum ornāsti, non sunt amici,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3.— P. a.: nōlens, entis, unwilling (post-Aug. for invitus):

    dignitati ejus aliquid adstruere inopinantis, nescientis, immo etiam fortasse nolentis,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 2, 3; Cels. 1, 8; Quint. 3, 6, 68.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nolo

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