evolvere

com-plĭco ( conp-), āvi, ātum (postAug. ui, ĭtum; cf.: applico, explico, etc.), 1, v. a., to fold together, to fold up (rare but class.).

Prop.:

rudentem,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 1:

armamenta,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 83:

epistulam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17; id. Att. 12, 1, 2:

Diogenes se complicuit in dolio,

Sen. Ep. 90, 11:

pedibus complicitis,

App. M. 9, p. 236; cf.:

complicitus in genua,

id. ib. 1, p. 111, 3. —

Trop.:

si quis voluerit animi sui complicatam notionem evolvere (the figure borrowed from the folding together of books, letters, etc.),

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76.

com-plĭco ( conp-), āvi, ātum (postAug. ui, ĭtum; cf.: applico, explico, etc.), 1, v. a., to fold together, to fold up (rare but class.).

Prop.:

rudentem,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 1:

armamenta,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 83:

epistulam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17; id. Att. 12, 1, 2:

Diogenes se complicuit in dolio,

Sen. Ep. 90, 11:

pedibus complicitis,

App. M. 9, p. 236; cf.:

complicitus in genua,

id. ib. 1, p. 111, 3. —

Trop.:

si quis voluerit animi sui complicatam notionem evolvere (the figure borrowed from the folding together of books, letters, etc.),

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76.

ex-pŭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To lop off, to prune, to crop:

veteranam vitem,

Col. 3, 15, 3; 5, 6, 31:

palos,

id. 11, 2, 12.—

Trop.

To consider well, to examine:

utramque rem simul,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 8:

id exputando evolvere,

Auct. Her. 2, 26, 42.—

To fathom, comprehend: quae mens eum aut quorum consilia a tanta gloria avocarint, exputare non possum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 6.

fastus, a, um, adj. [perh. root PHA, phaskô, phêmi, fari; lit., in which it is allowed to speak], fasti dies; and more commonly absol.: fasti, ōrum, m. (acc. to the 4th decl. acc. fastus, Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 711 P.; Col. 9, 14, 12; Sil. 2, 10; Sen. Tranq. An. 14, 2; Hor. C. 4, 14, 4 Bentley (dub.); abl. fastibus, Luc. 10, 187), a publicists' t. t., a day on which judgment could be pronounced. on which courts could be held, a court-day (opp. nefasti, v. nefastus; cf. also: feriae, justitium, otium).

Prop.:

ille (dies) nefastus erit, per quem tria verba (DO, DICO, ADDICO) silentur: Fastus erit, per quem lege licebit agi,

Ov. F. 1, 48; Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 29 sq. Müll. The register of these legal court-days, which for a long time existed only in the archives of the pontifices, was kept from the knowledge of the people, until Cn. Flavius, scribe to the Pontifex Maximus Appius Caecus, posted up a copy in the Forum:

posset agi lege necne, pauci quondam sciebant, fastos enim volgo non habebant,

Cic. Mur. 11, 25; cf.:

(Cn. Flavius) fastos circa forum in albo proposuit, ut, quando lege agi posset, sciretur,

Liv. 9, 46, 5; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 17; Val. Max. 2, 5, 2.—

Transf.

In gen., an enumeration of all the days of the year, with their festivals, magistrates, events, etc., a calendar, almanac (syn.: annales, historia, res gestae, narratio, fabula): fastorum libri appellantur, in quibus totius anni fit descriptio: fasti enim dies festi sunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 19 Mull. N. cr.:

ordo ipse annalium mediocriter nos retinet quasi enumeratione fastorum,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

cum diem festum ludorum de fastis suis sustulissent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 151:

fastos correxit (Caesar),

Suet. Caes. 40:

ut omne tempus... ita in fastos referretur,

id. Aug. 100; cf. id. Tib. 5.—

Esp.

The Fasti consulares, or registers of the higher magistrates, according to their years of service (v. Orelli, Onomast. Tullian. P. III.):

quae (tempora) semel Notis condita fastis Inclusit volucris dies (i. e. fastis consularibus),

Hor. C. 4, 13, 15:

per titulos memoresque fastos,

id. ib. 4, 14, 4; so,

memores,

id. ib. 3, 17, 4:

tempora si fastosque velis evolvere mundi,

id. S. 1, 3, 112:

qui redit in fastos et virtutem aestimat annis, etc.,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 48:

in codicillorum fastis,

Cic. Att. 4, 8, 3:

paginas in annalibus magistratuum fastisque percurrere,

Liv. 9, 18, 12:

ex fastis evellere,

Cic. Sest. 14, 33:

hos consules fasti ulli ferre possunt,

id. Pis. 13, 30.—

Fasti Praenestini a Verrio Flacco ordinati et marmoreo parieti incisi, Suet. Gram. 17; cf. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 379 sq., and the authors there cited; v. also Anthon's Dict. of Antiq. p. 432 sq.—

Fasti, the title of a poem of Ovid, on the Roman festivals, the festival-calendar; which, however, he completed for but six months of the year.

fastus, ūs ( gen. fasti, Coripp. 4, 137), m. [Sanscr. dharshati, to be bold; Gr. thrasus, tharsos; full form farstus], scornful contempt or disdain of others, haughtiness, arrogance, pride ( poet., and in post-Aug. prose; syn.: fastidium, clatio, superbia, arrogantia, insolentia).

Sing.:

tu cave nostra tuo contemnas carmina fastu,

Prop. 1, 7, 25; cf.:

fastus inest pulchris sequiturque superbia formam,

Ov. F. 1, 419:

superbo simul ac procaci fastu,

Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 119:

aspice primum, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circum Spectemus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 93:

tanto te in fastu negas, amice,

i. e. thou withdrawest thyself with so much pride from my society, Cat. 55, 14:

fastus erga patrias epulas,

Tac. A. 2, 2 fin. —

Plur.:

fastus superbi,

Prop. 3 (4), 25, 15; Tib. 1, 8, 75; Ov. M. 14, 762.

fastūs, uum, m., calendar; v. 1. fastus init.

ōra, ae, f. [kindred with Sanscr. avāra, ripa citerior fluminis], the extremity of a thing; the border, brim, edge, margin, end, boundary.

Lit.

In gen. (class.; syn.: limbus, fimbria, instita, margo): omnes avidi spectant ad carceris oras, at the barriers, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 88 Vahl.):

oras pocula circum,

Lucr. 4, 12:

(clipei),

Verg. A. 10, 243:

vestimentorum,

Fest. p. 182 Müll.; Vulg. Exod. 26, 10; id. Hag. 2, 13:

gemmae,

Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 180:

vulneris,

Cels. 5, 26, 23:

aether, extrema ora et determinatio mundi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 101. cf.:

regio nes, quarum nulla esset ora, nulla extremitas,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102.—

In partic., the coast, sea-coast (syn.:

litus, ripa): Graeciae,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

Asiae,

Nep. Alc. 5, 6:

maritima,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

Jordanis,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 9, 43;

but transf.: ora maritima,

the inhabitants of the coast, people of the maritime districts, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 67. So, jam Misenensem classem et pulcherrimam Campaniam oram descivisse, Tac. H. 3, 60.—

Transf.

A region, clime, country:

quacumque in orā ac parte terrarum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

gelida, Hor C. 1, 26, 4: conexa arbustorum ratio est, quas in oras debeant spectare,

Plin. 17, 2, 2, 19 (al. horas):

Trojae qui primus ab oris Italiam... venit,

Verg. A. 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 97; 10, 706.—

Poet.: luminis orae, the world, the earth, life, light: tu produxisti nos intra luminis oras, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 118 Vahl.); cf.: sum (i. e. eum) quae dederit in luminis oras, id. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. sum, p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 165 Vahl.); Lucr. 1, 22:

inde enascitur atque oras in luminis exit,

id. 1, 170; 1, 179; cf. id. 5, 224; 781:

quem Rhea sacerdos Furtivum partu sub luminis edidit oras,

Verg. A. 7, 660:

sponte suā quae se tollunt in luminis oras,

id. G. 2, 47: Acherontis orae, the lower regions:

animas Acheruntis in oras Ducere,

Lucr. 6, 763.—

A zone:

globum terrae duabus oris distantibus habitabilem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 68.—

A rope or cable by which a ship or boat is fastened to the shore; opp. ancoralia, the anchor-cables:

cum alii resolutis oris in ancoras evecti tenentur, alii, ne quid teneat, ancoralia incidunt,

Liv. 22, 19, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

ne hostes cum suis simul inrumperent, trahunt scalas orasque et ancoras praecidunt,

id. 28, 36, 11; cf.:

sublatae sunt ancorae, solvimus oram, profecti sumus,

Quint. 4, 2, 41; Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Trop. (very rare, and only poet.): quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? qs. to unroll the edges of the picture of this war, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.): imitated by Virgil:

aspirate canenti... Et mecum ingentis oras evolvite belli,

Verg. A. 9, 528; cf.

Serv. ad loc.: in luminis oras eruere,

to bring to light, Lucr. 5, 1455.

Ŏra ( Hŏra), ae, f., the name of Hersilia, as a goddess, Ov. M. 14, 851.

jam, adv. [for diam, collat. form of diem, cf. pri-dem, du-dum, Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 213; II. p. 850; but acc. to Curt. Gr. Etym. 398, 620; locat. form from pronom. stem ja].

Of time, denoting a point or moment of time as coinciding with that of the action, etc., described.

Of present time.

As opp. to past or future, at this time, now, just now, at present, i. e. while I speak or write this.

Jam alone:

jamne autem, ut soles, deludis?

Plaut. Aul. 5, 11:

jam satis credis sobrium esse me,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 36:

saltus reficit jam roscida luna,

Verg. G. 3, 337:

jam tenebris et sole cadente,

id. ib. 3, 401:

jamque dies, ni fallor, adest,

id. A. 5, 49:

jam advesperascit,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 2:

reddere qui voces jam scit puer,

Hor. A. P. 158: stabat modo consularis, modo septemvir epulonum;

jam neutrum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 12:

jam melior, jam, diva, precor,

Verg. A. 12, 179:

Hem, scio jam quod vis dicere,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 36:

in ea (consuetudine) quaedam sunt jura ipsa jam certa propter vetustatem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67:

jam tempus agi,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

surgere jam tempus,

Cat. 62, 3.—

Strengthened.

By repetition: jam jam, jam jamque (nearly = nunc), at this very time, precisely now:

jam jam intellego, Crasse, quod dicas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 90:

jam jam minime miror te otium perturbare,

id. Phil. 2, 34, 87:

jam jam dolet quod egi, jam jamque paenitet,

Cat. 63, 73:

jam jam linquo acies,

Verg. A. 12, 875:

jam jamque video bellum,

Cic. Att. 16, 9 fin.:

at illum ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,

id. ib. 7, 20, 1; cf.:

jam mihi, jam possim contentus vivere parvo,

Tib. 1, 1, 25 (7).—

By nunc: jam nunc, just now, at this very time, as things now are:

jam nunc irata non es,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 65:

dux, jam nunc locatus in urbe,

Liv. 22, 38, 9; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 127:

quae cum cogito, jam nunc timeo quidnam, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:

deliberationis ejus tempus ita jam nunc statui posse, etc.,

Liv. 31, 32, 3:

ipsa Venus laetos jam nunc migravit in agros,

Tib. 2, 3, 3:

nec jam nunc regina loquor,

Val. Fl. 8, 47; so,

nunc jam (nunciam): secede huc nunciam,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 23:

audi nunciam,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 29:

i nunciam,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 21: nunc jam sum expeditus, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 5:

nunc jam nobis vobisque consulatus patet,

Liv. 7, 32, 14.—

By tum:

jam tum opifices funguntur munere,

Plin. 11, 21, 24, § 74; Verg. G. 2, 405; id. A. 1, 18.—

By pridem, v. jampridem.—

In contrast with the time at which something was expected.

Of that which occurs sooner, already, so soon:

quies (animos) aut jam exhaustos aut mox exhauriendos, renovavit,

Liv. 21, 21, 7:

gravitate valetudinis, qua tamen jam paululum videor levari,

Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1; 3, 8, 16:

jamne ibis,

are you going so soon, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 86; id. Rud. 2, 7, 26.—

Of that which occurs later, at last, now, only now:

ohe jam desine deos uxor gratulando obtundere,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 8:

postulo, Dave, ut redeat jam in viam,

id. And. 1, 2, 19:

jamque sero diei subducit ex acie legionem faciendis castris,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

jam sanguinis alti vis sibi fecit iter,

Luc. 2, 214.—Tandem or aliquando is often added:

jam tandem ades ilico,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 39:

putamus enim utile esse te aliquando jam rem transigere,

Cic. Att. 1, 4, 1:

jam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras,

Verg. A. 6, 61; Liv. 22, 12, 10.—

As continued from the past, already, by this time, ere now, till now, hitherto:

et apud Graecos quidem jam anni prope quadrigenti sunt, etc.,

Cic. Or. 51, 171:

obsolevit jam ista oratio,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52:

nondum feminam aequavimus gloriā, et jam nos laudis satietas cepit?

Curt. 9, 6, 23.—With numerals and words specifying time:

jam biennium est, cum mecum coepit rem gerere,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 35; so,

plus jam anno,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 14:

sunt duo menses jam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 8:

qui septingentos jam annos vivunt, etc.,

id. Fl. 26, 63:

annum jam tertium et vicesimum regnat,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; id. Fin. 2, 29, 94.—

With imperatives, to express haste or impatience, like Engl. now, now, straightway, at once:

quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? Jam parce sepulto,

Verg. A. 3, 41:

sed jam age, carpe viam,

id. ib. 6, 629:

et jam tu... illum adspice contra,

id. ib. 11, 373.—So in impetuous or passionate questions (freq. in Plaut.):

Jam tu autem nobis praeturam geris?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 23; cf. id. Aul. 5, 11; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 25.—

Jam... jam, at one time... at another, now... now, at this time... at that:

jamque eadem digitis jam pectine pulsat eburno,

Verg. A. 647:

jamque hos cursu, jam praeterit illos,

id. ib. 4, 157:

qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 20:

jam vino quaerens, jam somno fallere curas,

id. ib. 2, 7, 114:

jam secundae, jam adversae res, ita erudierant, etc.,

Liv. 30, 30; Tib. 1, 2, 49; Ov. M. 1, 111.—

Of past time.

In the time just past, but now, a moment ago, a little while ago, just:

videamus nunc quam sint praeclare illa his, quae jam posui, consequentia,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

Arsinoë et jam dicta Memphis,

Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61:

insulae praeter jam dictas,

id. 3, 26, 30, § 151:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

domum quam tu jam exaedificatam habebas,

Cic. Att. 1, 6, 1.—

Like English now, by this time, already.

Alone:

jam advesperascebat,

Liv. 39, 50:

Hannibalem movisse ex hibernis, et jam Alpes transire,

id. 27, 39:

et jam fama volans... domos et moenia complet,

Verg. A. 11, 139; 12, 582; Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 6, 6:

jamque rubescebat Aurora,

Verg. A. 3, 521; 10, 260:

ut semel inclinavit pugna, jam intolerabilis Romana vis erat,

Liv. 6, 32:

cum decimum jam diem graviter ex intestinis laborarem,

Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1.—

Strengthened.

Jam jamque, Verg. A. 8, 708.—

By tum, as early as that:

se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

Cic. Arch. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 1; Verg. 7, 738; Tac. Agr. 45.—

By tunc (post-Aug.;

once in Cic.),

Suet. Aug. 89; id. Ner. 7; Tac. H. 4, 50; Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3 dub.—

Of a time succeeding another time referred to, from that time, thenceforth, thereafter (esp. with a or ab, when it is often = Eng. even, very):

qui aequom esse censent nos jam a pueris nasci senes,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2:

quae me maxime sicuti jam a prima adolescentia delectarunt,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 67:

benevolentia quae mihi jam a pueritia tua cognita est,

id. ib. 4, 7, 1:

dederas enim jam ab adolescentia documenta,

id. Mil. 8, 22: jam ab illo tempore, cum, etc., from the very time when, etc., id. Fam. 2, 16, 9; cf.:

urgerent philosophorum greges jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 42. —So with ex:

jam ex quo ipse accepisset regnum,

ever since, Liv. 42, 11, 8.—

Of future time.

In the time immediately approaching, forthwith, straightway, directly, presently:

occlude sis fores ambobus pessulis: jam ego hic ero,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 25:

ille jam hic aderit,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 72: omitte;

jam adero,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 26; cf. id. ib. 4, 6, 1; id. And. 1, 2, 9; 4, 4, 38: bono animo es;

jam argentum ad eam deferes, quod ei es pollicitus,

id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18:

facere id ut paratum jam sit,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76:

jam fuerit, neque post unquam revocare licebit,

Lucr. 3, 927:

jam faciam quod voltis,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 16:

jam enim aderunt consules ad suas Nonas,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2.—

In the time immediately succeeding another time referred to, forthwith, at once, straightway, then:

nunc ubi me illic non videbit, jam huc recurret,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 10:

accede ad ignem... jam calesces,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 5:

nisi puerum tollis, jam ego hunc in mediam viam provolvam,

id. And. 4, 4, 38:

de quibus jam dicendi locus erit, cum de senioribus pauca dixero,

Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

agedum, dictatorem creemus. Jam hic centicescet furor,

Liv. 2, 29, 11:

aperi, inquit, jam scies,

Petr. 16, 2; cf. Verg. A. 1, 272.—

Representing as present an impending event, now, already, presently (mostly poet.):

jam te premet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 16:

jam veniet mors, jam subrepet iners aetas,

Tib. 1, 1, 70:

jam mare turbari trabibus videbis, jam fervere litora flammis,

Verg. A. 4, 566; 6, 676:

alius Latio jam partus Achilles,

id. ib. 6, 89:

hic magnae jam locus urbis erit,

Tib. 2, 5, 55.—

With negatives, denoting cessation of previous condition: jam non, no more, no longer:

quem odisse jam non potestis,

Cic. Clu. 10, 29; Ov. M. 4, 382:

non jam,

not any more, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:

nihil jam,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21.—

With comparatives:

ad mitiora jam ingenia,

which had become milder, Liv. 27. 39:

ad ferociores jam gentes,

which then were less civilized, id. 21, 60:

una jam potior sententia,

Stat. Th. 2, 368.

In other relations.

To denote that something will certainly, properly, or easily occur, under certain circumstances.

In a conclusion, to emphasize its relation to the condition, then surely, then:

si cogites, remittas jam me onerare injuriis,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 6: si quis voluerit animi sui [p. 1012] notionem evolvere, jam se ipse doceat, eum virum bonum esse, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76:

si hoc dixissem, jam mihi consuli jure optimo senatus vim intulisset,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 21; id. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Brut. 17, 68:

si jubeat eo dirigi, jam in portu fore omnem classem,

Liv. 29, 27, 8.—

In a consequence, to show that it is conceived as immediate, now, then, therefore: satis est tibi in te, satis in legibus;

jam contemni non poteris,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

jam hoc non potest in te non honorifice esse dictum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 2; id. Leg. 2, 24, 60; id. Clu. 16, 46:

nec hanc solam Romani meretricem colunt... Jam quanta ista immortalitas putanda est,

Lact. 1, 20, 5:

Quae cum ita sint, ego jam hinc praedico,

Liv. 40, 36, 14: conspecta et ex muris ea multitudo erat;

jamque etiam legionariae cohortes sequebantur,

id. 10, 43, 1.—

In transitions.

To a new subject, now, moreover, again, once more then:

jam de artificiis et quaestibus... haec fere accepimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150; Verg. G. 2, 57:

jam jura legitima ex legibus cognosci oportebit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68:

jam illud senatus consultum, quod eo die factum est, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 4:

jam Saliare Numae carmen qui laudat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 86. —So with vero:

jam vero motus animi, sollicitudines aegritudinesque oblivione leniuntur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 110:

jam vero virtuti Cn. Pompei quae potest par oratio inveniri?

id. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 29; 14, 41; id. Off. 3, 13 init. —With at enim:

at enim jam dicetis virtutem non posse constitui, si ea, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 40 init. —

In enumerations:

et aures... itemque nares... jam gustatus... tactus autem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141.—So sometimes repeatedly, at one time... at another... at another, jam... jam... jam:

jam medici, jam apparatus cibi, jam in hoc solum importatum instrumentum balinei nullius non succurrit valetudini,

Vell. 2, 114, 2; cf. Flor. 2, 17, 8, and I. A. 5. supra.—

For emphasis.

After non modo... sed ( = adeo), now, even, I may say:

non cum senatu modo, sed jam cum diis bellum gerere,

Liv. 21, 63, 6.—

Pressing the strict sense of a word or clause, now, precisely, indeed:

(Hieronymum) quem jam cur Peripateticum appellem, nescio,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14:

hoc quidem haud molestum est jam, quod collus collari caret,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 107:

loquor enim jam non de sapientium, sed de communibus amicitiis,

Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

te quoque jam, Thais, ita me di bene ament, amo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 43:

imitatio morum alienorum... jam inter leniores affectus numerari potest,

Quint. 9, 2, 58:

reliqua jam aequitatis sunt,

id. 7, 1, 62:

cetera jam fabulosa,

Tac. G. 46:

desine: jam venio moriturus,

Verg. A. 10, 881.—So esp. with et: et jam (cf. etiam), and indeed, and in fact, et lenitas illa Graecorum et verborum comprehensio, et jam artifex, ut ita dicam, stilus, Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

pulchriora etiam Polycleti et jam plane perfecta,

id. ib. 18, 70:

Pompeium et hortari et orare et jam liberius accusare non desistimus,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 3; Quint. Decl. 5, 3; Luc. 8, 659; cf.

jamque,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 9; so,

jam et: nec deerat Ptolemaeus, jam et sceleris instinctor,

Tac. H. 1, 23; 1, 22;

and, ac jam: ac jam, ut omnia contra opinionem acciderent, tamen se plurimum navibus posse,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9: jam ergo, in very fact:

jam ergo aliquis condemnavit,

Cic. Clu. 41, 113.—

In climax, even, indeed, really:

opus Paniceis, opus Placentinis quoque... jam maritumi omnes milites opus sunt mihi,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 59:

jam illa quae natura, non litteris, assecuti sunt, neque cum Graecia neque ulla cum gente sunt conferenda,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

jam in opere quis par Romano miles?

Liv. 9, 19, 8; Quint. 12, 1, 45; Cic. Rep. 1, 5; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

mundus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mund, purificari], clean, cleanly, nice, neat, elegant.

Lit. (class.;

syn.: lautus, nitidus, purus): supellex,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 7:

caena,

id. C. 3, 29, 14:

ager,

Gell. 19, 12, 8:

mundissimum cubile desiderat (animal),

Col. 7, 9, 14:

jam intus mundissimumst,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 7.— Poet., with abl., = ornatus: Ostia munita est: idem loca navibus pulchris Munda facit, adorned, Enn. ap. Tert. p. 258 Müll. (Ann. v. 146 Vahl.).—

Transf.

Of mode of living, neat, fine, elegant, smart, genteel:

cultus justo mundior,

too elegant dress, Liv. 8, 15.— As subst.: mundus, i, m. (sc. homo), an elegant or nice person, Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23.—

Of quality, not coarse, fine (post-class.):

annonae, of wheat,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 42, 3:

panis,

id. ib. 37, 3.—

Trop.

Of speech, neat, fine, elegant ( poet. and in postclass. prose):

verba, Ov A. A. 3, 479: versus, quibus mundius nihil reperiri puto,

Gell. 19, 9, 10:

in Gallos mundius subtiliusque est, quam cum Gallis aut contra Gallos,

id. 17, 2 med. —

Subst.: mun-dum, i. n., only in the phrase: in mundo (esse or habere), in readiness (ante-class.): tibi vita seu mors in mundo est, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 181 P. (Ann. v. 457 Vahl.:

in mundo pro palam et in expedito ac cito, Charis.): nempe habeo in mundo,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 46:

mihi in mundo sunt virgae,

id. As. 2, 1, 16; 2, 2, 50:

nescio quid vero habeo in mundo,

id. Stich. 3, 2, 23; id. Ps. 1, 5, 85 Ritschl.—

In eccl. Lat., morally pure, upright, free from sin:

cor mundum crea in me, Deus,

Vulg. Psa. 50, 12:

beati mundo corde,

id. Matt. 5, 8.—Hence, adv., in two forms (both, for the most part, anteand post-class.).—

mundē, cleanly, neatly, prettily:

(copia) in suo quaeque loco sita munde,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 5: verrite aedes, spargite munde, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 183 P.:

parum munde et parum decenter,

Sen. Ep. 70, 20:

munde facti versus,

Gell. 10, 17, 2:

quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,

Cato, R. R. 66, 1.—

mun-dĭter, cleanly, neatly.

Lit.:

cum sedulo munditer nos habeamus,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26.—

Trop., decently, with propriety:

dicere,

App. Mag. p. 296, 14.

mundus, i, m. ( neutr. collat. form, mundum: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, all her toilet, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3, and ap. Non. 214, 17) [1. mundus], toilet ornaments, decorations, dress (of a woman).

Lit.:

mundus muliebris est, quo mulier mundior fit: continentur eo specula, matulae, unguenta, vasa unguentaria, et si qua similia dici possunt, veluti lavatio, riscus... Unguenta, quibus valetudinis causā unguimur, mundo non continentur,

Dig. 34, 2, 25:

munditiae et ornatus et cultus, haec feminarum insignia sunt: hunc mundum muliebrem appellārunt majores nostri,

Liv. 34, 7, 9: virginalis, Att. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 142 Müll.:

quamvis auro, veste, gemmis, omnique cetero mundo exornata mulier incedat,

App. M. 2, p. 118. —

Transf.

In gen., an implement (ante- and post-class.):

operae messoriae mundus,

implements for the harvest work, App. M. 6 init.:

Cereris,

the mystical casket of Ceres, id. Mag. p. 282 (the expression in mundo esse and habere belongs to the adj. mundus, v. mundus, II. B.).—

Like the Gr. kosmos, the universe, the world, esp. the heavens and the heavenly bodies: ut hunc hac varietate distinctum bene Graeci kosmon, nos lucentem mundum nominaremus, the heavens, Cic. Univ. 10: nam quem kosmos Graeci, nomine ornamenti appellaverunt. eum nos a perfectā absolutāque elegantiā, mundum, Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 8: concussit micantia sidera mundus, heaven shook, Cat. 64, 206:

aetherius,

Tib. 3, 4, 17:

arduus,

Verg. G. 1, 240:

aestuat infelix angusto limite mundi,

Juv. 10, 169. Also: mundus caeli, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Sat. v. 10, p. 156 Vahl.):

o clarissima mundi Lumina,

Verg. G. 1, 5 sq.:

immensi copia mundi,

Ov. M. 2, 157:

ipse mundus deorum hominumque causā factus est...Est enim mundus quasi communis deorum atque hominum domus, aut urbs utrorumque,

the world, Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 154:

innumerabiles,

id. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

e tabulā pictos ediscere mundos,

parts of the world, Prop. 5, 3, 37.—

Transf.

The world, i. e. the earth, the inhabitants of the earth, mankind ( poet.):

quicumque mundo terminus obstitit,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 53:

spes miseri mundi,

Luc. 5, 469; Stat. S. 3, 3, 87:

fastos evolvere mundi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 112:

mundum laedere,

mankind, Claud. Ruf. 1, 87:

nullā in parte mundi cessat ebrietas,

Plin. 14, 22, 29, § 149; 30, 1, 2, § 8; Flor. 2, 12, 1; Just. 30, 4, 9:

(Alexander) scrutatur maria ignota, et, ut ita dicam, mundi claustra perrumpit,

Sen. Ep. 119, 7:

mundi principio,

Juv. 15, 147.—

The heavens, i. e. the sky, the weather (post-class.):

tepida indulget terris clementia mundi,

Grat. Fal. 288:

ad Eoos tractūs mundique teporem,

Luc. 8, 365.—

The sun (perh. only in Manilius):

quā mundus redit,

Manil. Astron. 1, 36; id. ib. 3, 591.—

Euphemistically for the Lower World, the infernal regions. The opening into this mundus was at Rome, in the Comitium, and was kept covered with a stone (lapis manalis); three times in the year, on the 24th of August, the 5th of October, and the 8th of November, days sacred to the gods of the infernal regions, this round pit was opened, and all sorts of fruits were thrown into it as offerings, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16, 18; Paul. ex Fest. s. v mundus, p. 154 Müll., and s. v. manalem lapidem, p. 128 ib.—

Esp. (eccl. Lat.), the world as opposed to the church; this world, the realm of sin and death, as opposed to Christ's kingdom of holiness and life:

non pro mundo rogo,

Vulg. Johan. 17, 9:

de mundo non sunt,

id. ib. 17, 16:

princeps hujus mundi (i. e. Satan),

id. ib. 12, 31;

14, 30: regnum meum non est de hoc mundo,

id. ib. 18, 36; cf. id. Eph. 2, 2; 6, 12.

ōra, ae, f. [kindred with Sanscr. avāra, ripa citerior fluminis], the extremity of a thing; the border, brim, edge, margin, end, boundary.

Lit.

In gen. (class.; syn.: limbus, fimbria, instita, margo): omnes avidi spectant ad carceris oras, at the barriers, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 88 Vahl.):

oras pocula circum,

Lucr. 4, 12:

(clipei),

Verg. A. 10, 243:

vestimentorum,

Fest. p. 182 Müll.; Vulg. Exod. 26, 10; id. Hag. 2, 13:

gemmae,

Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 180:

vulneris,

Cels. 5, 26, 23:

aether, extrema ora et determinatio mundi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 101. cf.:

regio nes, quarum nulla esset ora, nulla extremitas,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102.—

In partic., the coast, sea-coast (syn.:

litus, ripa): Graeciae,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

Asiae,

Nep. Alc. 5, 6:

maritima,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

Jordanis,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 9, 43;

but transf.: ora maritima,

the inhabitants of the coast, people of the maritime districts, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 67. So, jam Misenensem classem et pulcherrimam Campaniam oram descivisse, Tac. H. 3, 60.—

Transf.

A region, clime, country:

quacumque in orā ac parte terrarum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

gelida, Hor C. 1, 26, 4: conexa arbustorum ratio est, quas in oras debeant spectare,

Plin. 17, 2, 2, 19 (al. horas):

Trojae qui primus ab oris Italiam... venit,

Verg. A. 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 97; 10, 706.—

Poet.: luminis orae, the world, the earth, life, light: tu produxisti nos intra luminis oras, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 118 Vahl.); cf.: sum (i. e. eum) quae dederit in luminis oras, id. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. sum, p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 165 Vahl.); Lucr. 1, 22:

inde enascitur atque oras in luminis exit,

id. 1, 170; 1, 179; cf. id. 5, 224; 781:

quem Rhea sacerdos Furtivum partu sub luminis edidit oras,

Verg. A. 7, 660:

sponte suā quae se tollunt in luminis oras,

id. G. 2, 47: Acherontis orae, the lower regions:

animas Acheruntis in oras Ducere,

Lucr. 6, 763.—

A zone:

globum terrae duabus oris distantibus habitabilem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 68.—

A rope or cable by which a ship or boat is fastened to the shore; opp. ancoralia, the anchor-cables:

cum alii resolutis oris in ancoras evecti tenentur, alii, ne quid teneat, ancoralia incidunt,

Liv. 22, 19, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

ne hostes cum suis simul inrumperent, trahunt scalas orasque et ancoras praecidunt,

id. 28, 36, 11; cf.:

sublatae sunt ancorae, solvimus oram, profecti sumus,

Quint. 4, 2, 41; Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Trop. (very rare, and only poet.): quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? qs. to unroll the edges of the picture of this war, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.): imitated by Virgil:

aspirate canenti... Et mecum ingentis oras evolvite belli,

Verg. A. 9, 528; cf.

Serv. ad loc.: in luminis oras eruere,

to bring to light, Lucr. 5, 1455.

Ŏra ( Hŏra), ae, f., the name of Hersilia, as a goddess, Ov. M. 14, 851.

ōra, ae, f. [kindred with Sanscr. avāra, ripa citerior fluminis], the extremity of a thing; the border, brim, edge, margin, end, boundary.

Lit.

In gen. (class.; syn.: limbus, fimbria, instita, margo): omnes avidi spectant ad carceris oras, at the barriers, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 88 Vahl.):

oras pocula circum,

Lucr. 4, 12:

(clipei),

Verg. A. 10, 243:

vestimentorum,

Fest. p. 182 Müll.; Vulg. Exod. 26, 10; id. Hag. 2, 13:

gemmae,

Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 180:

vulneris,

Cels. 5, 26, 23:

aether, extrema ora et determinatio mundi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 101. cf.:

regio nes, quarum nulla esset ora, nulla extremitas,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102.—

In partic., the coast, sea-coast (syn.:

litus, ripa): Graeciae,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

Asiae,

Nep. Alc. 5, 6:

maritima,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

Jordanis,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 9, 43;

but transf.: ora maritima,

the inhabitants of the coast, people of the maritime districts, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 67. So, jam Misenensem classem et pulcherrimam Campaniam oram descivisse, Tac. H. 3, 60.—

Transf.

A region, clime, country:

quacumque in orā ac parte terrarum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

gelida, Hor C. 1, 26, 4: conexa arbustorum ratio est, quas in oras debeant spectare,

Plin. 17, 2, 2, 19 (al. horas):

Trojae qui primus ab oris Italiam... venit,

Verg. A. 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 97; 10, 706.—

Poet.: luminis orae, the world, the earth, life, light: tu produxisti nos intra luminis oras, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 118 Vahl.); cf.: sum (i. e. eum) quae dederit in luminis oras, id. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. sum, p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 165 Vahl.); Lucr. 1, 22:

inde enascitur atque oras in luminis exit,

id. 1, 170; 1, 179; cf. id. 5, 224; 781:

quem Rhea sacerdos Furtivum partu sub luminis edidit oras,

Verg. A. 7, 660:

sponte suā quae se tollunt in luminis oras,

id. G. 2, 47: Acherontis orae, the lower regions:

animas Acheruntis in oras Ducere,

Lucr. 6, 763.—

A zone:

globum terrae duabus oris distantibus habitabilem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 68.—

A rope or cable by which a ship or boat is fastened to the shore; opp. ancoralia, the anchor-cables:

cum alii resolutis oris in ancoras evecti tenentur, alii, ne quid teneat, ancoralia incidunt,

Liv. 22, 19, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

ne hostes cum suis simul inrumperent, trahunt scalas orasque et ancoras praecidunt,

id. 28, 36, 11; cf.:

sublatae sunt ancorae, solvimus oram, profecti sumus,

Quint. 4, 2, 41; Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Trop. (very rare, and only poet.): quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? qs. to unroll the edges of the picture of this war, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.): imitated by Virgil:

aspirate canenti... Et mecum ingentis oras evolvite belli,

Verg. A. 9, 528; cf.

Serv. ad loc.: in luminis oras eruere,

to bring to light, Lucr. 5, 1455.

Ŏra ( Hŏra), ae, f., the name of Hersilia, as a goddess, Ov. M. 14, 851.

pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].

Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:

nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:

at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:

at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,

Verg. A. 11, 148:

quod nunquam potis est sejungi,

Lucr. 1, 452:

nec potis est cerni,

id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:

qui potis est?

how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

duae plus satis dare potis sunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:

quid pastores potis sint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:

si non aliud pote est,

Cat. 43, 16. Without est:

nec devitari letum pote,

Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:

nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,

id. R. R. 2, 2:

nec eniti remis pote,

Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:

qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,

Pers. 1, 56:

in te dici pote, Id, quod,

Cat. 98, 1:

nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,

id. 67, 11:

hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,

be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:

quid pote simplicius?

what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:

nihil pote supra,

nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

quantum pote,

as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):

aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—

Comp.: pŏtĭor, us, that may be preferred, preferred; better, preferable (class.).

Of persons:

numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:

quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

at tu, qui potior nunc es,

happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):

ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,

Dig. 18, 1, 34.—

Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:

nulla potior serenda,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15:

sucus,

Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:

novistine locum potiorem rure beato?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:

sententia,

id. Epod. 16, 17:

mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,

Sall. J. 67, 3:

nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,

I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:

ut probetis potiora,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmus, a, um, the chief, principal, most prominent, most important.

Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:

tantis potissimus umbris,

Stat. Th. 4, 627:

potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,

Tac. A. 14, 65.—

Of things (class.):

utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

cura,

Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:

nobilitas,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:

opusculum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:

causa,

Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.

Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:

sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:

nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:

Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:

perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,

rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,

Liv. 8, 7, 17:

per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,

id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:

se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,

Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:

dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,

Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:

quam potius,

Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:

tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:

tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,

Cic. Lig. 2, 5:

favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,

Dig. 50, 17, 167.—

Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:

efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:

Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:

responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:

exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:

nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43:

quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?

Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3.

pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].

Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:

nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:

at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:

at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,

Verg. A. 11, 148:

quod nunquam potis est sejungi,

Lucr. 1, 452:

nec potis est cerni,

id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:

qui potis est?

how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

duae plus satis dare potis sunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:

quid pastores potis sint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:

si non aliud pote est,

Cat. 43, 16. Without est:

nec devitari letum pote,

Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:

nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,

id. R. R. 2, 2:

nec eniti remis pote,

Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:

qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,

Pers. 1, 56:

in te dici pote, Id, quod,

Cat. 98, 1:

nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,

id. 67, 11:

hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,

be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:

quid pote simplicius?

what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:

nihil pote supra,

nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

quantum pote,

as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):

aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—

Comp.: pŏtĭor, us, that may be preferred, preferred; better, preferable (class.).

Of persons:

numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:

quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

at tu, qui potior nunc es,

happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):

ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,

Dig. 18, 1, 34.—

Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:

nulla potior serenda,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15:

sucus,

Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:

novistine locum potiorem rure beato?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:

sententia,

id. Epod. 16, 17:

mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,

Sall. J. 67, 3:

nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,

I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:

ut probetis potiora,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmus, a, um, the chief, principal, most prominent, most important.

Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:

tantis potissimus umbris,

Stat. Th. 4, 627:

potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,

Tac. A. 14, 65.—

Of things (class.):

utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

cura,

Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:

nobilitas,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:

opusculum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:

causa,

Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.

Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:

sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:

nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:

Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:

perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,

rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,

Liv. 8, 7, 17:

per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,

id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:

se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,

Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:

dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,

Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:

quam potius,

Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:

tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:

tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,

Cic. Lig. 2, 5:

favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,

Dig. 50, 17, 167.—

Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:

efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:

Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:

responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:

exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:

nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43:

quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?

Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3.

pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].

Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:

nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:

at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:

at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,

Verg. A. 11, 148:

quod nunquam potis est sejungi,

Lucr. 1, 452:

nec potis est cerni,

id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:

qui potis est?

how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

duae plus satis dare potis sunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:

quid pastores potis sint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:

si non aliud pote est,

Cat. 43, 16. Without est:

nec devitari letum pote,

Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:

nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,

id. R. R. 2, 2:

nec eniti remis pote,

Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:

qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,

Pers. 1, 56:

in te dici pote, Id, quod,

Cat. 98, 1:

nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,

id. 67, 11:

hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,

be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:

quid pote simplicius?

what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:

nihil pote supra,

nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

quantum pote,

as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):

aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—

Comp.: pŏtĭor, us, that may be preferred, preferred; better, preferable (class.).

Of persons:

numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:

quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

at tu, qui potior nunc es,

happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):

ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,

Dig. 18, 1, 34.—

Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:

nulla potior serenda,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15:

sucus,

Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:

novistine locum potiorem rure beato?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:

sententia,

id. Epod. 16, 17:

mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,

Sall. J. 67, 3:

nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,

I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:

ut probetis potiora,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmus, a, um, the chief, principal, most prominent, most important.

Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:

tantis potissimus umbris,

Stat. Th. 4, 627:

potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,

Tac. A. 14, 65.—

Of things (class.):

utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

cura,

Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:

nobilitas,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:

opusculum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:

causa,

Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.

Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:

sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:

nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:

Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:

perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,

rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,

Liv. 8, 7, 17:

per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,

id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:

se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,

Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:

dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,

Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:

quam potius,

Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:

tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:

tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,

Cic. Lig. 2, 5:

favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,

Dig. 50, 17, 167.—

Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:

efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:

Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:

responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:

exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:

nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43:

quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?

Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3.

pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].

Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:

nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:

at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:

at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,

Verg. A. 11, 148:

quod nunquam potis est sejungi,

Lucr. 1, 452:

nec potis est cerni,

id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:

qui potis est?

how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

duae plus satis dare potis sunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:

quid pastores potis sint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:

si non aliud pote est,

Cat. 43, 16. Without est:

nec devitari letum pote,

Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:

nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,

id. R. R. 2, 2:

nec eniti remis pote,

Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:

qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,

Pers. 1, 56:

in te dici pote, Id, quod,

Cat. 98, 1:

nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,

id. 67, 11:

hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,

be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:

quid pote simplicius?

what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:

nihil pote supra,

nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

quantum pote,

as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):

aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—

Comp.: pŏtĭor, us, that may be preferred, preferred; better, preferable (class.).

Of persons:

numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:

quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

at tu, qui potior nunc es,

happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):

ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,

Dig. 18, 1, 34.—

Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:

nulla potior serenda,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15:

sucus,

Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:

novistine locum potiorem rure beato?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:

sententia,

id. Epod. 16, 17:

mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,

Sall. J. 67, 3:

nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,

I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:

ut probetis potiora,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmus, a, um, the chief, principal, most prominent, most important.

Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:

tantis potissimus umbris,

Stat. Th. 4, 627:

potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,

Tac. A. 14, 65.—

Of things (class.):

utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

cura,

Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:

nobilitas,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:

opusculum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:

causa,

Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.

Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:

sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:

nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:

Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:

perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,

rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,

Liv. 8, 7, 17:

per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,

id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:

se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,

Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:

dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,

Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:

quam potius,

Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:

tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:

tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,

Cic. Lig. 2, 5:

favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,

Dig. 50, 17, 167.—

Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:

efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:

Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:

responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:

exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:

nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43:

quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?

Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3.

pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].

Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:

nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:

at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:

at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,

Verg. A. 11, 148:

quod nunquam potis est sejungi,

Lucr. 1, 452:

nec potis est cerni,

id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:

qui potis est?

how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

duae plus satis dare potis sunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:

quid pastores potis sint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:

si non aliud pote est,

Cat. 43, 16. Without est:

nec devitari letum pote,

Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:

nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,

id. R. R. 2, 2:

nec eniti remis pote,

Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:

qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,

Pers. 1, 56:

in te dici pote, Id, quod,

Cat. 98, 1:

nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,

id. 67, 11:

hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,

be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:

quid pote simplicius?

what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:

nihil pote supra,

nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

quantum pote,

as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):

aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—

Comp.: pŏtĭor, us, that may be preferred, preferred; better, preferable (class.).

Of persons:

numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:

quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

at tu, qui potior nunc es,

happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):

ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,

Dig. 18, 1, 34.—

Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:

nulla potior serenda,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15:

sucus,

Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:

novistine locum potiorem rure beato?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:

sententia,

id. Epod. 16, 17:

mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,

Sall. J. 67, 3:

nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,

I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:

ut probetis potiora,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmus, a, um, the chief, principal, most prominent, most important.

Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:

tantis potissimus umbris,

Stat. Th. 4, 627:

potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,

Tac. A. 14, 65.—

Of things (class.):

utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

cura,

Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:

nobilitas,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:

opusculum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:

causa,

Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.

Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:

sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:

nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:

Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:

perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,

rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,

Liv. 8, 7, 17:

per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,

id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:

se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,

Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:

dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,

Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:

quam potius,

Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:

tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:

tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,

Cic. Lig. 2, 5:

favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,

Dig. 50, 17, 167.—

Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:

efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:

Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:

responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:

exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:

nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43:

quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?

Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3.

praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].

Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):

praecipitem trahi,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:

aliquem praecipitem deicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

praeceps ad terram datus,

dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:

praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,

Ov. M. 12, 128:

hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,

threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:

aliquem in praeceps jacere,

headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,

jacto in praeceps corpore,

id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:

in praeceps deferri,

Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:

abiit grex per praeceps in mare,

Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:

de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,

Cat. 17, 9:

se jacere praecipitem e vertice,

id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:

ab equo praeceps decidit,

Ov. Ib. 259:

(apes) praecipites Cadunt,

Verg. G. 4, 80:

aliquem praecipitem agere,

to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:

praecipites se fugae mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,

Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:

praeceps amensque cucurri,

Ov. M. 7, 844:

praeceps Fertur,

is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:

nuntii,

Tac. H. 2, 6.—

Transf., of inanim. things.

Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:

in declivi ac praecipiti loco,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

via (opp. plana),

Cic. Fl. 42, 105:

saxa,

Liv. 38, 23:

fossae,

Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:

iter,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.

trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

loci,

Col. 1, 2:

mons,

Plin. Pan. 16.—

Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:

turrim in praecipiti stantem,

Verg. A. 2, 460:

specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,

Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

in praeceps pervenitur,

Vell. 2, 3, 4:

immane,

Juv. 10, 107:

altissimum,

App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:

in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,

Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—

Sinking, declining:

(in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,

Col. 5, 6, 33:

sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,

Verg. G. 3, 359:

jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,

Liv. 10, 42:

dies,

id. 4, 9; cf.:

senectus,

Curt. 6, 5, 3. —

In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;

syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:

Boreas,

Ov. M. 2, 185:

nox,

fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:

procella,

Stat. Th. 5, 419:

oceani fragor,

Val. Fl. 3, 404:

letum,

Sen. Hippol. 262:

remedium,

Curt. 3, 6, 2.—

Trop., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate.

In gen. (class.):

noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:

sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,

almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,

to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:

quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,

am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:

praeceps celeritas dicendi,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:

SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,

sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—

In partic.

Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:

homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,

Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:

praeceps consilium et immaturum,

Suet. Aug. 8:

cogitatio,

id. Calig. 48:

audacia,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—

Inclined to any thing:

praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,

Liv. 26, 38:

praeceps ingenio in iram,

id. 23, 7:

animus ad flagitia praeceps,

Tac. A. 16, 21.—

Dangerous, hazardous, critical:

in tam praecipiti tempore,

Ov. F. 2, 400.—Hence,

Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.

Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:

se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,

brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:

levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:

aeger est in praecipiti,

Cels. 2, 6.—

The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):

omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,

at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:

debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,

to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.

Lit.:

aliquem praeceps trahere,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:

moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,

Verg. A. 4, 253.—

Trop.:

eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,

brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:

praeceps in exsilium acti,

suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21.