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1 evolučně
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2 evoluční
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3 ewolucyjnie
adv. 1. (stopniowo) [zmieniać się, przebiegać] gradually 2. Biol. [odległy, różny] in evolutionary terms, evolutionarily- małpy są naszymi najbliższymi ewolucyjnie krewniakami in evolutionary terms apes are our closest relatives* * *adv.evolutionarily.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ewolucyjnie
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4 эволюционно
Molecular biology: evolutionarily -
5 эволюционно стабильная стратегия
Game theory: evolutionarily stable strategyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > эволюционно стабильная стратегия
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6 эволюционно устойчивая стратегия
Abbreviation: ESS (evolutionarily stable strategy)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > эволюционно устойчивая стратегия
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7 Brain
Among the higher mammals the great development of neocortex occurs.In each group of mammals there is a steady increase in the area of the association cortex from the most primitive to the evolutionarily most recent type; there is an increase in the number of neurons and their connections. The degree of consciousness of an organism is some function of neuronal cell number and connectivity, perhaps of neurons of a particular type in association cortex regions. This function is of a threshold type such that there is a significant quantitative break with the emergence of humans. Although the importance of language and the argument that it is genetically specified and unique to humans must be reconsidered in the light of the recent evidence as to the possibility of teaching chimpanzees, if not to speak, then to manipulate symbolic words and phrases, there are a number of unique human features which combine to make the transition not merely quantitative, but also qualitative. In particular these include the social, productive nature of human existence, and the range and extent of the human capacity to communicate. These features have made human history not so much one of biological but of social evolution, of continuous cultural transformation. (Rose, 1976, pp. 180-181)[S]ome particular property of higher primate and cetacean brains did not evolve until recently. But what was that property? I can suggest at least four possibilities...: (1) Never before was there a brain so massive; (2) Never before was there a brain with so large a ratio of brain to body mass; (3) Never before was there a brain with certain functional units (large frontal and temporal lobes, for example); (4) Never before was there a brain with so many neural connections or synapses.... Explanations 1, 2 and 4 argue that a quantitative change produced a qualitative change. It does not seem to me that a crisp choice among these four alternatives can be made at the present time, and I suspect that the truth will actually embrace most or all of these possibilities. (Sagan, 1978, pp. 107-109)The crucial change in the human brain in this million years or so has not been so much the increase in size by a factor of three, but the concentration of that increase in three or four main areas. The visual area has increased considerably, and, compared with the chimpanzee, the actual density of human brain cells is at least 50 percent greater. A second increase has taken place in the area of manipulation of the hand, which is natural since we are much more hand-driven animals than monkeys and apes. Another main increase has taken place in the temporal lobe, in which visual memory, integration, and speech all lie fairly close together. And the fourth great increase has taken place in the frontal lobes. Their function is extremely difficult to understand... ; but it is clear that they're largely responsible for the ability to initiate a task, to be attentive while it is being done, and to persevere with it. (Bronowski, 1978, pp. 23-24)The human brain works however it works. Wishing for it to work in some way as a shortcut to justifying some ethical principle undermines both the science and the ethics (for what happens to the principle if the scientific facts turn out to go the other way?). (Pinker, 1994, p. 427)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Brain
См. также в других словарях:
evolutionarily — adverb a) In an evolutionary manner. The basic tool for work in evolutionary game theory is the notion of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). b) From the perspective of evolution. It is a commonplace in psychology that higher animals are… … Wiktionary
evolutionarily — adv. Evolutionarily is used with these adjectives: ↑related … Collocations dictionary
evolutionarily — evolution ► NOUN 1) the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed, especially by natural selection. 2) gradual development. 3) Chemistry the giving off of a gaseous product or of heat. 4) a pattern of… … English terms dictionary
evolutionarily — adverb in an evolutionary way; from an evolutionary point of view the mutation has been evolutionarily successful • Derived from adjective: ↑evolutionary … Useful english dictionary
evolutionarily stable strategy — noun (biology) A strategy that, if most members of a population adopt it, would give a reproductive fitness higher than any mutant strategy (abbrev ESS) • • • Main Entry: ↑evolution … Useful english dictionary
Evolutionarily stable strategy — Infobox equilibrium name = Evolutionarily stable strategy subsetof = Nash equilibrium supersetof = Stochastically stable equilibrium intersectwith = Subgame perfect equilibrium, Trembling hand perfect equilibrium, Perfect Bayesian equilibrium… … Wikipedia
Evolutionarily stable state — A population is said to be in an evolutionarily stable state if its genetic composition is restored by selection after a disturbance, provided the disturbance is not too large. Such a population can be genetically monomorphic or polymorphic.… … Wikipedia
Evolutionarily stable set — In game theory an evolutionarily stable set, (sometimes evolutionary stable sets) (ES set) is a set of strategies, which score equally against each other, each of which would be an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) were it not for the other… … Wikipedia
Evolutionarily Significant Unit — An Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) (often lowercased where used without abbreviation, as evolutionarily significant unit) is a population of organisms that is considered distinct for purposes of conservation. Delineating ESUs is important… … Wikipedia
evolutionarily — adverb see evolution … New Collegiate Dictionary
evolutionarily — See evolutional. * * * … Universalium
