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1 EVIL
(adj.) ulca (see also WICKED), úmëa (but in a later source, the latter is said to mean "abundant, swarming, teaming"), úra (nasty), EVILEYED henulca; EVIL-SMELLING saura (Þ) (foul, putrid) – in one attested compound also \#sauri-; see FOUL. EVIL as noun: ulco (stem ulcu- as in the ablative ulcullo; pl. "evils" presumably *ulqui; another version of the relevant text uses úro as the noun "evil"; the adj. ulca is also seemingly used as noun in a sentence apparently meaning “if one speaks evil”, VT49:19). FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED). –VT49:14, VT43:23-24, SD:68, 72, UGU, THUS, VT43:23-24, WJ:399 -
2 NIGHT
lómë, ("Night, night-time, [shades of night]", in LT1:255 glossed "dusk, gloom, darkness"; according to SD:415, lómë has the stem-form lómi-), Fui, Hui ("Night" – but in LT1:253, hui is glossed "fog, dark, murk, night"), ló ("night, a night"), mórë (blackness, dark – obsoleting mori in LT1:260). In Valinorean usage, lómë "has no evil connotations; it is a word of peace and beauty and has none of the associations of fear and groping that, say, 'dark' has to us. For the evil sense I [sc. Tolkien's character Lowdham] do not know the [Quenya] word". For "night" in the "evil sense", mórë seems to be the best candidate. Yet lómë evidently developed darker connotations among the Exiles, for when crying auta i lómë "the night is passing" before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, the Noldor used the word metaphorically to refer to the rule of Morgoth. DOOR OF NIGHT, see DOOR. –DO3, PHUY, SD:306, Silm:229 -
3 BLESSED
alya, almárëa (prosperous, rich, abundant), herenya (wealthy, fortunate, rich), manaquenta or manquenta, also aman ("blessed, free from evil" – Aman was "chiefly used as the name of the land where the Valar dwelt" [WJ:399], and as an adjective “blessed” the word may add an adjectival ending: amanya, VT49:41). Aman is the apparent Quenya equivalent of “the Blessed Realm” (allative Amanna is attested, VT49:26). The word calambar, apparently literally *“light-fated”, also seems to mean “blessed” (VT49:41). Cf. also BLESSED BEING Manwë (name of the King of the Valar). Alya, almárëa, and herenya are adjectives that may also have worldly connontations, apparently often used with reference to one who is "blessed" with material possessions or simply has good luck; on the other hand, the forms derived from the root man- primarily describe something free from evil: Cf. mána "blessed" in Fíriel's Song (referring to the Valar) and the alternative form manna in VT43:19 [cf. VT45:32] (in VT45 referring to the Virgin Mary; the form mána may be preferred for clarity, since manna is apparently also the question-word "whither?", "where to?") The forms manaquenta or manquenta also include the man- root, but it is combined with a derivative (passive participle?) of the verbal stem quet- "say, speak", these forms seemingly referring to someone who is "blessed" in the sense that people speak well of this person (a third form from the same source, manque, is possibly incomplete: read manquenta?) (VT44:10-11) The most purely "spiritual" term is possibly the word aistana, used for "blessed" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary, where this word refers to the Virgin (VT43:27-28, 30). Aistana is apparently not an independent adjective (like alya, mána etc.), but rather the passive participle of a verb \#aista- "bless"; see above concerning its precise application. BLESSEDNESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or *valdë) (happiness; but since this word comes from early material where it was intended to be related to Valar "Happy/Blessed Ones", its conceptual validity may be doubted because Tolkien later reinterpreted Valar as "the Powers" and dropped the earlier etymology). BLESSING (a boon, a good or fortunate thing), see BOON. "BLESSINGS", BLESSEDNESS, BLISS almië, almarë; FINAL BLISS manar, mandë (doom, final end, fate, fortune) –LotR:989 cf Letters:308; GAL, KHER, Letters:283, LT1:272, MAN/MANAD, VT43:19, 27-28, 30 -
4 ABUNDANCE
úvë; ABUNDANT úvëa (in a very great number), úmëa (swarming, teaming – but elsewhere a similar word is defined as "evil", so úvëa may be preferred), alya (rich, blessed, prosperous) –UB, VT48:32, GALA -
5 BAD
olca (wicked) (VT43:24). Compare ulca "evil". The Gnomish fêg is glossed "bad" in GL:34, and this is equated with Q faica, glossed "contemptible, mean" under SPAY in the Etymologies. -
6 BOON
The wod mána is said to mean “any good or fortunate thing, a boon or ‘blessing’, a grace, being esp. used of some thing/person/event that helps or amends an evil or difficulty”). Hence the exclamation yé mána (ma) = “what a blessing, what a good thing!” (VT49:41) -
7 FOUL
saura (Þ) (evil-smelling, putrid); in compounds sauri- as in FOULBELLIED sauricumba. The latter form may indicate that this adjective also appears in an alternative form *saurë, sauri-. –THUS, SD:68, 72 -
8 FREE
(adj.) léra, aranya (not to be confused with aranya *"my king"; the shorter form ranya also cited must not be confused with the verb "stray, wander"), mirima (but a very similar word, mírima, is rather assigned the meaning “very valuable” in Tolkien’s later Quenya). The previous words are apparently used to describe “free” persons, whereas the following refer to inanimates: latin, latina (open, cleared [of land]), lerina ("free" of things in the sense of "not guarded, reserved, made fast, or 'owned'", VT41:5). Lehta “free, released” (perhaps applicable to persons, but cf. the following:) FREE ELEMENT (a term for "vowel") \#lehta tengwë (only pl. lehta tengwi is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi). (A word fairë "free" is mentioned in LT1:250, but may be obsolete: several other meanings are attributed to this word in later writings [see DEATH, PHANTOM, RADIANCE]. Fairië "freedom" does not clash with later words, but must probably be considered conceptually obsolete if fairë is so regarded.) FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED) –VT41:5, VT46:10, MIS, LAT, VT39:17, WJ:399 (verb) rúna- (see DELIVER); SET FREE lerya- (release, let go), sen- (let go, let loose) –VT43:23, VT41:5, 6, VT43:18 -
9 LARGE
hoa (big), also alta, alat- (great in size) (Tolkien's definition of alta word was actually illegible, but see GREAT), úvëa (very large, abundant, in a very great number), úra (note: a homophone means "nasty, evil"; some would say these later glosses render the word úra = "large" obsolete.) –PE17:115, ÁLAT, UB, UR -
10 NASTY
úra (evil) (Note: a homophone means "large") –VT43:24 -
11 ONE
minë, min (obsoleting "Qenya" mir in LT1:260; a short variant min however appears in VT45:34, VT48:6), er (only, one, alone, but, still). A longer form of er, namely erëa, was possibly abandoned by Tolkien (VT44:17). Min, minë is "one" as the first of a series, whereas er is "one" in the context of something that is alone (Parma Eldalamberon \#14, p. 82). When used in connection with a noun, er precedes it (VT49:45; according to this souce, er is indeclinable). ONE (= a person, someone) quén, quen- as in pl. queni (unstressed quen, "as a pronoun or final element in a compound"), also mo as an indefinite personal pronoun “one” or “somebody”, used in a sentence like “if one speaks evil…” (VT49:19, 20). THE ONE Eru (see GOD). For fractions ONE THIRD, ONE FOURTH etc., see entries for THIRD, FOURTH etc. –MINI, ERE/VT44:17, VT48:6, WJ:361 cf. 360, Silm:15, 431 -
12 PUTRID
saura (Þ) (foul, evil-smelling); in compounds \#sauri-, see FOUL. –THUS -
13 RING
\#corma (isolated from cormacolindor "Ring-bearers"). The title "Lord of the Rings" Tolkien translated as Heru i Million, with \#milli as the word for "rings" (singular *millë or less likely *mil with stem *mill-). The word *risil (quoted in archaic form rithil) appears in Rithil-Anamo or "Ring of Doom", the place where judgement was passed in Valinor; this would therefore be a "ring" on the ground. RING-DAY Cormarë (Yavannië 30th, a festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this was his birthday). RING-WRAITHS Úlairi (Nazgûl) (pl; sg \#Úlairë? Note that Úlairi is not a literal translation of "ring-wraiths"; the prefix ú- may mean "un-" with evil connotation; the rest of the word is obscure. Lairë "summer" or "poem" can hardly have anything to do with \#lairi. The syllable úl- may also have something to do with the Black Speech word gûl, wraith, or else the meaning may be "unliving (= undead) ones", with the root LAY that is normally associated with greenness but also with life: *ú-lai-ri "un-live-ly ones") –LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, LotR.1146, WJ:401, Silm:362, 417 -
14 SWARM
umba; SWARMING úmëa (abundant, teaming – but elsewhere úmëa is defined as "evil", so the word úvëa of related meaning may be preferred) –VT48:32 -
15 TEEM
(verb) úma-; TEEMING úmëa (abundant, swarming – but elsewhere úmëa is defined as "evil", and for "teeming" one could simply say *úmala as the participle of úma-) –VT48:32 -
16 WICKED
olca (bad). Compare ulca "evil", q.v. –VT43:23-24
См. также в других словарях:
Evil — • In a large sense, described as the sum of the opposition, which experience shows to exist in the universe, to the desires and needs of individuals; whence arises, among humans beings at least, the sufferings in which life abounds Catholic… … Catholic encyclopedia
Evil — E*vil ([=e] v l) a. [OE. evel, evil, ifel, uvel, AS. yfel; akin to OFries, evel, D. euvel, OS. & OHG. ubil, G. [ u]bel, Goth. ubils, and perh. to E. over.] 1. Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a nature or properties which… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
evil — adj *bad, ill, wicked, naughty Analogous words: *base, low, vile: iniquitous, nefarious, flagitious, *vicious, villainous, infamous: *pernicious, baneful: *execrable, damnable Antonyms: exemplary: salutary … New Dictionary of Synonyms
evil — ► ADJECTIVE 1) deeply immoral and malevolent. 2) embodying or associated with the devil. 3) extremely unpleasant: an evil smell. ► NOUN 1) extreme wickedness and depravity, especially when regarded as a supernatural force. 2) something harmful or … English terms dictionary
evil — [ē′vəl] adj. [ME ivel < OE yfel, akin to Ger übel < IE * upelo < base * upo , up from under > UP1, Sans upa, toward] 1. a) morally bad or wrong; wicked; depraved b) resulting from or based on conduct regarded as immoral [an evil… … English World dictionary
Evil — E vil ([=e] v l) n. 1. Anything which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; anything which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings; injury; mischief; harm; opposed to {good}. [1913 Webster] Evils which our own… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Evil — (englisch, als Adjektiv: ‚böse‘, ‚schlecht‘, als Substantiv: ‚das Böse‘) steht für: Evil (Roman), den 1989 veröffentlichten Roman des Autors Jack Ketchum Evil (2003), einen schwedischen Spielfilm Evil (2005), einen griechischen Horrorfilm eine EP … Deutsch Wikipedia
Evil — E vil, adv. In an evil manner; not well; ill; badly; unhappily; injuriously; unkindly. Shak. [1913 Webster] It went evil with his house. 1 Chron. vii. 23. [1913 Webster] The Egyptians evil entreated us, and affected us. Deut. xxvi. 6. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
evil — (adj.) O.E. yfel (Kentish evel) bad, vicious, ill, wicked, from P.Gmc. *ubilaz (Cf. O.Saxon ubil, O.Fris., M.Du. evel, Du. euvel, O.H.G. ubil, Ger. übel, Goth. ubils), from PIE *upelo , from root *wap (Cf. Hittite huwapp … Etymology dictionary
Evil — (англ. зло, бедствие, несчастье): EVIL камера англоязычная аббревиатура беззеркального системного компактного цифрового фотоаппарата с возможностью смены объектива Музыка Evil песня нью йоркской инди рок группы Interpol См. также … Википедия
evil — evil; evil·ly; evil·ness; … English syllables
