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21 obligation
obligation [ɔbligasjɔ̃]1. feminine nouna. ( = contrainte) obligationb. ( = dette) obligationc. ( = titre) bond2. plural feminine noun* * *ɔbligasjɔ̃1) ( devoir) (professionnel, moral, familial) obligation, responsibility; ( légal) obligation; ( militaire) obligation, dutyavoir une obligation or des obligations envers quelqu'un — to feel an obligation toward(s) somebody
2) ( nécessité) necessityse voir or trouver dans l'obligation de faire — to be forced to do
3) Finance bond4) Droit obligation5) ( devoir de reconnaissance) liter obligation ( envers toward(s))•Phrasal Verbs:* * *ɔbliɡasjɔ̃ nf1) (= contrainte) obligation2) (généralement pluriel) (= devoir) dutyobligations familiales — family obligations, family responsibilities
3) COMMERCE bond, debentureSee:* * *obligation nf1 ( devoir) (professionnel, moral, familial) obligation, responsibility; ( légal) obligation; ( militaire) obligation, duty; vos obligations de citoyen your obligations as a citizen; faire honneur à ses obligations to honourGB one's obligations; satisfaire à ses obligations to fulfilGB one's obligations ou duties; faire face à ses obligations to face up to one's responsibilities; manquer à ses obligations to fail in one's responsibilities; sans obligation d'achat with no obligation to buy; avec obligation d'achat with the obligation to buy; sans obligation de votre part with no obligation; avec obligation de faire with the obligation to do; ce n'est pas une obligation de les inviter lundi you don't have to invite them on Monday; être dans l'obligation de faire to be under an obligation to do, to be obliged to do; se faire une obligation de faire to feel it one's duty to do; avoir une obligation or des obligations envers qn to feel an obligation toward(s) sb;2 ( nécessité) necessity; se voir or trouver dans l'obligation de faire to be forced into doing;3 Fin bond; obligation convertible convertible bond; obligation d'État government bond; obligation de pacotille junk bond; obligation à taux variable floating rate note;4 Jur obligation; contracter une obligation envers qn to contract an obligation toward(s) sb; s'aquitter d'une obligation to carry out ou meet an obligation; obligation alimentaire maintenance obligation;5 liter ( devoir de reconnaissance) obligation (envers toward, towards GB); avoir d'immenses obligations envers qn to be very grateful to sb;obligation de réserve duty of confidentiality; obligation scolaire compulsory school attendance; obligations militaires, OM military service ¢; être dégagé or libéré des obligations militaires to have done one's military service.[ɔbligasjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [contrainte] obligationobligation de: je suis ou je me vois dans l'obligation de vous expulser I'm obliged ou forced to evict youfaire obligation à quelqu'un de to oblige ou to require somebody tosans obligation d'achat ‘no purchase necessary’obligations familiales family obligations ou commitmentsobligations militaires military obligations ou duties3. DROIT obligationfaire honneur à ses obligations to fulfil one's obligations, to carry out one's dutiesobligation portant un intérêt de 6 % bond bearing interest at 6%obligation échue/négociable matured/marketable bondobligation remboursable ou amortissable redeemable bondobligation privilégiée preference ou preferment bond5. (littéraire) [gratitude] obligationDo I really have to go? Est-ce qu'il faut vraiment que j'y aille ?Do you need to book first? Est-ce qu'il faut réserver ?Am I expected to wear a tie? Dois-je porter une cravate ?You all have to be there by 6 o'clock. Vous devez tous y être pour 6 heuresIt's vital ou essential that you call us as soon as you arrive. Il faut absolument que vous nous appeliez dès que vous arrivezYou must do your homework before you go out. Il faut que tu fasses tes devoirs avant de sortirEducation is compulsory up to the age of 16. La scolarité est obligatoire jusqu'à l'âge de seize ansYou're under no obligation to buy. Vous n'avez pas l'obligation d'acheterYou don't have to come if you don't want to. Tu n'es pas obligé de venir si tu n'as pas envieThere's no need to ask. Ce n'est pas la peine de demanderPlease don't feel you have to leave. Ne vous sentez pas obligé de partir -
22 описывать с помощью
Описывать с помощью-- We assume the essential behavior can be captured with a macroscopic variable that measures some average of this plastic-strain concentration.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > описывать с помощью
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23 Self
There are some philosophers who imagine we are every moment intimately conscious of what we call our SELF; that we feel its existence and its continuance in existence; and are certain, beyond the evidence of a demonstration, both of its perfect identity and simplicity....For my part, when I enter most intimately into what I call myself, I always stumble on some particular perception or other, of heat or cold, light or shade, love or hatred, pain or pleasure. I never can catch myself at any time without a perception, and never can observe anything but the perception....[S]etting aside some metaphysicians... I may venture to affirm, of the rest of mankind, that they are nothing but a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement. Our eyes cannot turn in their sockets without varying our perceptions. Our thought is still more variable than our sight; and all our other senses and faculties contribute to this change; nor is there any single power of the soul, which remains unalterably the same, perhaps for one moment. The mind is a kind of theatre, where several perceptions successively make their appearance, pass, re-pass, glide away, and mingle in an infinite variety of postures and situations. There is properly no simplicity in it at any one time, nor identity in different, whatever natural propensity we may have to imagine that simplicity and identity. The comparison of the theatre must not mislead us. [It is merely] the successive perceptions... that constitute the mind; nor have we the most distant notion of the place where the scenes are represented, or of the materials of which it is composed. (Hume, 1978, pp. 251-256)To find wherein personal identity consists, we must consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking intelligent being that has reason and reflection and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing in different times and places; which it does only by that consciousness which is inseparable from thinking and, as it seems to me, essential for it-it being impossible for anyone to perceive without perceiving that he does perceive.When we see, hear, smell, taste, feel, meditate, or will anything, we know that we do so. Thus it is always as to our present sensations and perceptions; and by this everyone is to himself that which he calls self, not being considered in this case whether the same self be continued in the same or different substances. For since consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makes everyone to be what he calls self, and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things, in this alone consists personal identity, i.e., the sameness of a rational being. And as far as this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past action or thought, so far reaches the identity of that person. It is the same self now it was then, and it is by the same self as this present one that now reflects on it, that action was done. (Locke, 1975, Bk. II, Chap. 27, Sec. 9-10)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Self
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