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41 Phasengleichgewichtskurve
кривая фазового равновесия
Кривая на фазовой диаграмме, соответствующая состояниям равновесно сосуществующих фаз.
[Сборник рекомендуемых терминов. Выпуск 103. Термодинамика. Академия наук СССР. Комитет научно-технической терминологии. 1984 г.]Тематики
Обобщающие термины
- определения, относящиеся к термодинамическим диаграммам (для индивидуальных веществ)
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Phasengleichgewichtskurve
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42 equation
- equation of curve - equation of equilibrium - equation of forces - equation of rotation - equation of state - equation of the first degree - equation of three moments - balance equation - basic equations of statics - beam equation - Bernoulli equation - Coulomb equation - Darcy equation - deformation equations - design equation - differential equation - elasticity equation - empirical equation - Engesser equation - heat-balance equation - heat-flow equation - hydrologic equation - matrix equation - momentum equation - scalar equation - stress equilibrium equation - three-moment equation - wear equation* * *уравнение- equation of constraints
- equation of curve
- equation of equilibrium
- equation of forces
- equation of heat transfer
- equation of influence line
- equation of mass transfer
- equation of moments
- equation of motion
- equation of rotation
- equation of state
- equation of static equilibrium
- equation of three moments
- equation of virtual work
- approximate equation
- balance equation
- basic equations of statics
- Berggren equation
- Bernoulli equation
- compatibility equations
- continuity equation
- correlating equation
- Coulomb equation
- Darcy equation
- design equation
- difference equation
- differential equation
- elasticity equation
- empirical equation
- Engesser equation
- fundamental equations of structural mechanics
- generalized equation
- heat balance equation
- heat conduction equation
- hydrologic equation
- linear equation
- matrix equation
- moment equation
- observation equation
- plasticity equation
- quadratic equation
- reduced equation
- scalar equation
- shell bending equations
- simultaneous equations
- Stefan equation
- strain-energy equation
- stress equilibrium equation
- tensor equation
- three-moment equation
- variational equation
- vector equation -
43 point
1) точка2) балл, очко3) деление (шкалы); румб; лимб4) заострение, остриё, острый конец || заострять, затачивать5) полигр. пункт ( единица измерения в типографской системе мер)6) пост, пункт, место7) мыс8) наконечник9) предмет11) указывать•about a point — мат. в окрестности точки
point at infinity — мат. несобственный элемент, бесконечно удалённая точка
point covers a line — т. граф. вершина покрывает ребро
point in infinity — мат. точка в бесконечности
winding number of curve with respect to point — мат. порядок кривой относительно точки (число оборотов вектора, соединяющего данную точку с точкой кривой при обходе кривой)
right two points — мор. на два румба вправо
with a point as a center — мат. с центром в точке…
- bisecting point of a segment - conditionally stable point - division point - essentially singular point - general point - generic point - horizontal control point - infinitely remote point point - material point - minimal fixed point - negatively stable point - nonessential singular point - optimum point - piercing point of a line - point of greatest concentration - positively normal point - positively stable point - right singular point - single mass point - strongly recurrent point - strongly singular point - triply rational point - uniplanar double point - unstable nodal point - upper significance pointwith respect to point — мат. относительно точки
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44 equation
- equation
- nуравнение
- equation of constraints
- equation of curve
- equation of equilibrium
- equation of forces
- equation of heat transfer
- equation of influence line
- equation of mass transfer
- equation of moments
- equation of motion
- equation of rotation
- equation of state
- equation of static equilibrium
- equation of three moments
- equation of virtual work
- approximate equation
- balance equation
- basic equations of statics
- Berggren equation
- Bernoulli equation
- compatibility equations
- continuity equation
- correlating equation
- Coulomb equation
- Darcy equation
- design equation
- difference equation
- differential equation
- elasticity equation
- empirical equation
- Engesser equation
- fundamental equations of structural mechanics
- generalized equation
- heat balance equation
- heat conduction equation
- hydrologic equation
- linear equation
- matrix equation
- moment equation
- observation equation
- plasticity equation
- quadratic equation
- reduced equation
- scalar equation
- shell bending equations
- simultaneous equations
- Stefan equation
- strain-energy equation
- stress equilibrium equation
- tensor equation
- three-moment equation
- variational equation
- vector equation
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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45 REVEALED PREFERENCE THEORY.
Теория выявленных предпочтений
Подход к изучению спроса и поведения потребителей, предложенный П. Самуэльсоном вместо метода кардиналистской полезности (см. Cardinal utility) и кривых безразличия (см. Indifference curve). Иными словами, теория выявленных предпочтений дает альтернативное объяснение тому факту, что кривая спроса отдельного потребителя имеет нисходящий наклон (см. Demand curve). Рассмотрим график.Если потребитель останавливает свой выбор на сочетании денежных средств в сумме ОМ1, которые он готов потратить, и товара в количестве OX1, который он хочет на эти деньги купить, н окажется в точке (а) на бюджетной линии МХ (см. Budget line). Если товар Х становится ешевле, и потребитель может купить больше этого товара, его реальный доход увеличивается. огда он может переместиться на бюджетную линию МХ2 и выбрать сочетание денег и товара Х, апример, в точке (b). Однако изменение положения потребителя обусловлено не только увеличением его реального дохода по причине снижения цены на товар Х. Частично оно объясняется эффектом замещения более дешевого товара Х другими товарами. Этот эффект всегда положительный, т.е. невозможно купить меньше товара Х после перемещения на линию МХ2 по сравнению с его количеством на бюджетной линии МХ. Если новый набор товаров в точке (b) пропорционально сокращается, например, по причине снижения дохода потребителя (на графике сдвиг бюджетной линии в положение М2Х3), потребитель выберет новое сочетание, например, в точке (с). Эффект замещения (см. Substitution effect) выглядит на графике как перемещение потребительских предпочтений из точки Х1 в точку Х5, а эффект дохода (см. Income effect) - из точки Х5 в точку Х4. Cм. Consumer equilibrium, Indifference curve, Price effect.
Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > REVEALED PREFERENCE THEORY.
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46 static
статика; статические свойства (напр. балансировки колеса); электростатические явления; помеха электростатического происхождения; атмосферные помехи; ухудшение; усугбление; II статический; стационарный; неподвижный- static aeroelasticity - static air pressure - static angle of friction - static arrester - static breakdown voltage - static breeze - static buffering - static characteristic - static charge - static charge meter - static check - static coefficient - static commutation - static compaction - static compensation - static compensator - static conditions - static connection seal - static contact - static control - static controller - static current - static discharge - static discharge protection - static disturbance - static dump - static elasticity - static electricity test - static electromechanical relay - static elimination - static eliminator - static equilibrium equation - static error - static exciter - static failure - static force - static frequency converter - static friction force - static friction in suspension - static fuel flow method - static high-voltage distribution - static imbalance - static inverter - static indentation method - static load rating - static-loaded tyre radius - static loading - static loading fixture - static loading stress - static lubrication - static mass balancing - static mass spectrometer - static measurements - static measuring force - static mode - static moment - static-moment calculation - static operating life test - static orifice - static overvoltage - static part - static pile driving resistance of soil - static potential - static power amplifier - static pressure - static pressure energy - static pressure gradient - static pressure profile - static pressure traverse - static protection device - static regime - static regulator - static relay - static relay with output contact - static roller - static safety factor - static scales - static seal - static spline - static spray scrubber - static spring deflection - static spring rate - static stability - static stator - static steady-state instability - static steering torque - static stiffness - static strength - static stress - static suction head - static suction lift - static switch - static time delay - static tipping load rating - static toe-in - static toe-out - static torque - static torque-vs-angular-displacement curve - static-type plow - static tyre deflection - static tyre rate - static unbalance - static-weight roller - coefficient of static friction - datum statics - lightning static - man-made statics - precipitation static - residual statics -
47 diagram
1. диаграмма2. график3. эпюра4. кривая, (see also curve)diagram of equilibrium — диаграмма равновесия [состояния]
diagram of strains — эпюра деформаций
diagram of stresses — эпюра напряжений
bending moment diagram — эпюра изгибающих моментов
binary constitutional diagram — диаграмма состояния двойной системы
constitutional diagram — диаграмма состояния [плавкости]
continuous cooling-transformation diagram — диаграмма превращения при непрерывном охлаждении ( стали)
equilibrium phase diagram — диаграмма состояния [фазового равновесия]
fatigue strength diagram — диаграмма усталостной прочности
iron-carbon diagram — диаграмма состояния железоуглеродистого сплава
isothermal transformation diagram — диаграмма изотермического распада ( аустенита)
load-deflection diagram — диаграмма прогибов в зависимости от нагрузки
load-deformation diagram — диаграмма деформаций в зависимости от нагрузки
load-extension diagram — диаграмма растяжения, диаграмма удлинения в зависимости от нагрузки
metal-carbon phase diagram — фазовая диаграмма металл-углерод
moment diagram — эпюра моментов
permanent elongation diagram — эпюра остаточных удлинений
phase-rule diagram — диаграмма состояния [фазового равновесия]
recrystallization diagram — диаграмма рекристаллизации
resistance diagram — диаграмма сопротивлений
shearing stress-strain diagram — диаграмма сдвига
state diagram — диаграмма состояния [равновесия]
strain diagram — диаграмма деформации
strength diagram — диаграмма прочности
stress diagram — диаграмма [эпюра] напряжений
stress-deformation diagram — 1) диаграмма зависимости деформации от напряжения 2) диаграмма растяжения
stress-strain diagram — 1) диаграмма растяжения 2) диаграмма зависимости деформации от напряжения
tension test diagram — диаграмма растяжения
twisting moment diagram — эпюра крутящих моментов
English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > diagram
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48 point
1) точка2) остриё, острый конец || заострять4) положение; позиция; координата ( рабочего органа)5) указывать; ориентировать, наводить6) место; пункт11) ж.-д. стрелочный перевод; стрелка; остряк, перо ( стрелочного перевода)13) расшивать швы ( кладки)16) пишущий узел, пишущий элемент (ручки, карандаша)17) пищ. оценочный балл•point at infinity — бесконечно удалённая точка;to point off — отводить ( в сторону);to pass through a point — проходить через точку-
Abel flash point
-
acid dew point
-
actual point
-
acute round needle point
-
addressable point
-
adherent point
-
aerodrome check point
-
aerodrome reference point
-
agate arrestment point
-
aggregative transition point
-
agreed reporting point
-
aiming point
-
air supply breathing point
-
aircraft fire point
-
alternator pivot point
-
anchor point
-
anchorage point
-
aniline point
-
annealing point
-
antinodal point
-
aplantic points
-
arch work point
-
arithmetic point
-
array feed point
-
assumed point
-
attachment point
-
automatic point
-
azeotropic point
-
backoff point
-
backward stagnation point
-
balance point
-
base point
-
bend point
-
bending yield point
-
binary point
-
bleeding point
-
bleed point
-
blow point
-
blunt round needle point
-
boiling point
-
boundary point
-
branch point
-
breaker point
-
break-in point
-
breaking point
-
brittle point
-
bubble point
-
bucking point
-
bullet point
-
burble point
-
burn point
-
burning point
-
burnout point
-
burster point
-
cardinal points
-
casing point
-
central point
-
changeover point
-
characteristic point
-
check point
-
chemical-pinch point
-
chilling point
-
chisel point
-
clearing point
-
close spread collar point
-
closed flash point
-
cloud point
-
cold point
-
collinear points
-
collocation point
-
common depth point
-
compass points
-
concyclic points
-
condensation point
-
congelation point
-
consolute point
-
consumption point of current
-
contact point
-
contactor points
-
control point
-
control transfer point
-
corona point
-
correct point
-
coupler pivot point
-
coupling point
-
critical point
-
crossing point
-
crossover point
-
cryogen boiling point
-
Curie point
-
cuspidal point
-
cut point
-
cutoff point
-
cutting point
-
datum point
-
dead point
-
decimal point
-
defined point
-
delivery point
-
demixing point
-
dendritic point
-
depth reference point
-
destination point
-
destruction point
-
detonation point
-
dew point
-
dial indicator contact point
-
diamond grinding point
-
diamond point
-
directional kickoff point
-
discharge point
-
dispatching point
-
dispersion point
-
distinct curve collar point
-
distinct points
-
distinguished point
-
distribution point
-
double point
-
drain point
-
draw point
-
drawoff point
-
driving point
-
dropping point
-
dry point
-
dryout point
-
early warning point
-
edit point
-
edit-in point
-
edit-out point
-
elevation point
-
elliptic point
-
emission point
-
end point
-
energy breakeven point
-
entry point
-
entry-exit points
-
equal time point
-
equilibrium point
-
eutectic point
-
exclamation point
-
exhaustion end point
-
exit point
-
exterior point
-
extraction point
-
face point
-
fashioning point
-
fatigue point
-
feeding point
-
fiber saturation point
-
fiducial point
-
filling point
-
filling-in point
-
film entry point
-
film leaving point
-
final approach point
-
final boiling point
-
fine point
-
fire point
-
firing point
-
fixed point
-
flame break point
-
flare point
-
flash point
-
flexion point
-
flight reference point
-
flight way point
-
floating point
-
floc point
-
flooding point
-
flow point
-
flywheel dead point
-
focal point
-
forced open point
-
forward stagnation point
-
fouling point
-
freeze point
-
freezing point
-
French point
-
frontier point
-
frost point
-
fuel injection point
-
fuel servicing point
-
full point
-
fusing point
-
gage point
-
gaging point
-
gas hydrate formation point
-
gas point
-
geodetic point
-
glazier's point
-
gloss point
-
grasp point
-
grid point
-
grouped service points
-
half point
-
hammer point
-
hard points
-
heat point
-
heavy ball needle point
-
heavy rounded set needle point
-
heavy set needle point
-
holding point
-
hopper work point
-
horizontal control point
-
ice point
-
ignition point
-
image point
-
impact point
-
incongruent melting point
-
index point
-
infeed changeover point
-
initial point
-
injection point
-
insertion point
-
integral point
-
intended landing point
-
intercardinal point
-
interception point
-
intercept point
-
interior point
-
interlocked point
-
isoelectric point
-
jacking point
-
junction point
-
knee point
-
laminar separation point
-
landfall point of the storm
-
last departure point
-
lattice point
-
leaving point
-
leveling point
-
level point
-
lifter point
-
lifting point
-
lift-off point
-
light ball needle point
-
light rounded set needle point
-
light set needle point
-
limiting point
-
limit point
-
linking point
-
load point
-
loading point
-
load-unload point
-
long collar point
-
lower yield point
-
lubrication point
-
machine home point
-
macroyield point
-
maker point
-
matching point
-
matrix point
-
maximum power point
-
measurement point
-
measure point
-
medium ball needle point
-
melting point
-
mesh point
-
mid-boiling point
-
mixed melting point
-
movable point
-
multiple point
-
needle point
-
neutral point
-
nodal point
-
node point
-
noise measurement point
-
normal round needle point
-
observation point
-
open point
-
operation point
-
optimum point
-
panel point
-
paper point
-
paraffin crystallization point
-
peak point
-
pelerine point
-
pen point
-
pickup point
-
piercing point
-
pile stoppage point
-
pinch point
-
pinning point
-
pitch point
-
pivotal point
-
pivot point
-
plait point
-
plow point
-
point of absolute zero
-
point of arrival
-
point of contraflexure
-
point of curve
-
point of departure
-
point of discontinuity
-
point of distance
-
point of engagement
-
point of fault
-
point of force application
-
point of graph
-
point of hook
-
point of increase
-
point of inflection
-
point of intersection
-
point of load application
-
point of looper
-
point of maximum
-
point of minimum
-
point of no return
-
point of occlusion
-
point of sight
-
point of support
-
point of tangency
-
point of tree
-
porous point
-
pour point
-
power point
-
precision point
-
preroll point
-
primary calibration point
-
principal point
-
probe point
-
projected peak point
-
pullout point
-
quadrantal point
-
quarter-span point
-
quarter point
-
quiescent operating point
-
radix point
-
reaction point
-
receiving point
-
reentry point
-
reference point
-
reflection depth point
-
refraction depth point
-
regional heat point
-
reporting point
-
rerun point
-
ripper point
-
rounded set needle point
-
saddle point
-
salient point
-
saturation point
-
sectioning point
-
set needle point
-
set point
-
setting point
-
shot point
-
sighting point
-
singing point
-
single defect point
-
single point
-
singular point
-
sintering point
-
slinging point
-
smoke point
-
softening point
-
solder termination point
-
solidification point
-
source point
-
special ball needle point
-
spring point
-
square collar point
-
stable point
-
stadia point
-
stagnation point
-
star point
-
stationary breaker point
-
stitch transfer point
-
stuck point
-
subsatellite point
-
support point
-
surveying point
-
survey point
-
switch point
-
switching point
-
takeoff point
-
tangent point
-
tapping point
-
terminal point
-
termination point
-
test point
-
thaw point
-
thermal critical point
-
thermodynamic point
-
third point
-
threshold point
-
tie point
-
toll point
-
tool point
-
touch point
-
touchdown point
-
towing point
-
tow point
-
trailing point
-
transfer initiation point
-
transfer point
-
transformation point
-
transit point
-
transition point
-
trap point
-
triangulation point
-
triple point
-
tripping point
-
true molal boiling point
-
turning point
-
umbilical point
-
unload point
-
unloading point
-
upper yield point
-
valley point
-
vanishing point
-
vertical control point
-
visible point
-
vitrifying point
-
volumetric boiling point
-
water supply point
-
wax dropout point
-
weight boiling point
-
weight-drop point
-
well point
-
wiring point
-
word break point
-
working point
-
yield point
-
Y-point
-
zero point -
49 voltage
1) напряжение, разность потенциалов2) потенциал3) электродвижущая сила, эдс•voltage across smth — напряжение на чем-л.;voltage applied to smth — напряжение, приложенное к чему-л.;voltage between phases — междуфазное [линейное\] напряжение;voltage to earth [to ground\] — напряжение относительно земли;to handle voltage — выдерживать напряжение;-
ac voltage
-
accelerating voltage
-
active component voltage
-
active voltage
-
actuating voltage
-
adjusting voltage
-
aging voltage
-
allowable voltage
-
alternating voltage
-
alternator field voltage
-
anode voltage
-
applied voltage
-
arc voltage
-
arc-drop voltage
-
arcing voltage
-
arc-stream voltage
-
average voltage
-
back voltage
-
background ionization voltage
-
backward voltage
-
balanced voltage
-
balancing voltage
-
bandgap voltage
-
barrier voltage
-
bar-to-bar voltage
-
base voltage
-
battery voltage
-
bias voltage
-
bidirectional voltage
-
black-out voltage
-
blanking voltage
-
blocking voltage
-
branch voltage
-
breakdown voltage
-
breakover voltage
-
bridge supply voltage
-
bucking voltage
-
built-in voltage
-
burning voltage
-
burnout voltage
-
bus voltage
-
calibration voltage
-
capacitor voltage
-
carrier voltage
-
category voltage
-
catenary voltage
-
cathode voltage
-
ceiling voltage
-
cell voltage
-
charge voltage
-
circuit voltage
-
clamp voltage
-
clock voltage
-
closed-circuit voltage
-
commercial-frequency voltage
-
commercial-frequency withstand voltage
-
common-mode voltage
-
commutating voltage
-
commutator voltage
-
compensating voltage
-
complex voltage
-
component voltage
-
constant voltage
-
contact voltage
-
control voltage
-
convergence voltage
-
corona voltage
-
corona-onset voltage
-
counter voltage
-
crest voltage
-
critical corona voltage
-
critical visual corona voltage
-
critical voltage
-
current-noise voltage
-
current-resistance voltage
-
cutoff voltage
-
cycling voltage
-
dc recovery voltage
-
dc voltage
-
decelerating voltage
-
decomposition voltage
-
deflecting voltage
-
delta voltage
-
design voltage
-
dielectric breakdown voltage
-
direct voltage
-
direct-axis component voltage behind transient reactance
-
direct-axis subtransient internal voltage
-
direct-axis subtransient voltage
-
direct-axis synchronous internal voltage
-
direct-axis synchronous voltage
-
direct-axis transient internal voltage
-
direct-axis transient voltage
-
discharge extinction voltage
-
discharge inception voltage
-
discharge ionization voltage
-
discharge voltage
-
disruptive discharge voltage
-
disruptive voltage
-
dissymmetrical voltage
-
disturbance voltage
-
driving voltage
-
drop-away voltage
-
dry withstand voltage
-
effective voltage
-
electric cell voltage
-
electrode voltage
-
end voltage
-
end-point voltage
-
equilibrium voltage
-
equivalent input noise voltage
-
error voltage
-
excess voltage
-
excitation voltage
-
exciter voltage
-
extinction voltage
-
extinguishing voltage
-
extrahigh voltage
-
Faraday voltage
-
fatal voltage
-
feedback voltage
-
field voltage
-
filament voltage
-
final acceleration voltage
-
final voltage
-
fire-back voltage
-
firing voltage
-
flash test voltage
-
flashover voltage
-
floating voltage
-
flyback voltage
-
focusing voltage
-
focus voltage
-
formation voltage
-
forward voltage
-
gas-discharge maintaining voltage
-
gate nontrigger voltage
-
gate trigger voltage
-
gate turn-off voltage
-
gate voltage
-
gating voltage
-
generated voltage
-
generator voltage
-
glow-discharge sustaining voltage
-
grid driving voltage
-
ground voltage
-
Hall voltage
-
heater voltage
-
high voltage
-
high-level voltage
-
ignition voltage
-
impedance voltage
-
impressed voltage
-
impulse testing voltage
-
impulse voltage
-
impulse withstand voltage
-
induced body voltage
-
induced voltage
-
inductance voltage
-
initial ionization voltage
-
initial voltage
-
injected voltage
-
in-phase voltage
-
input voltage
-
instantaneous voltage
-
interference voltage
-
internal voltage
-
inverse voltage
-
ionizing voltage
-
junction voltage
-
keep-alive voltage
-
lagging voltage
-
leading voltage
-
leakage reactance voltage
-
leakage voltage
-
lightning impulse flashover voltage
-
lightning impulse voltage
-
lightning impulse withstanding voltage
-
lightning induced voltage
-
limit voltage
-
limiting voltage
-
line voltage
-
linearity trim voltage
-
line-to-earth voltage
-
line-to-line voltage
-
loading voltage
-
load voltage
-
locked rotor voltage
-
locking voltage
-
logic threshold voltage
-
low voltage
-
low-level voltage
-
mains voltage
-
maintaining voltage
-
maximum operating voltage
-
maximum-power-point voltage
-
medium voltage
-
modulation voltage
-
negative phase-sequence voltage
-
negative sequence voltage
-
net voltage
-
neutral-to-ground voltage
-
nodal voltage
-
noise voltage
-
no-load field voltage
-
no-load voltage
-
nominal excitation ceiling voltage
-
nominal voltage
-
normal voltage
-
off-load voltage
-
offset voltage
-
off-standard voltage
-
off-state voltage
-
one-minute test voltage
-
one-minute withstand voltage
-
on-load voltage
-
on-state voltage
-
open-circuit secondary voltage
-
open-circuit voltage
-
operate voltage
-
operating supply voltage
-
operating voltage
-
out-of-phase voltage
-
output voltage
-
pace voltage
-
partial discharge extinction voltage
-
partial discharge inception voltage
-
peak arc voltage
-
peak reverse voltage
-
peak voltage
-
peak-point voltage
-
peak-to-peak ripple voltage
-
peak-to-peak voltage
-
per unit voltage
-
periodic voltage
-
permissible voltage
-
phase voltage
-
phase-to-ground voltage
-
phase-to-phase voltage
-
pickup voltage
-
pinch-off voltage
-
plate voltage
-
polarization voltage
-
positive-phase-sequence voltage
-
positive-sequence voltage
-
power-frequency voltage
-
preset voltage
-
presparkover voltage
-
primary voltage
-
probe voltage
-
protection voltage
-
psophometric voltage
-
pull-in voltage
-
pull-out voltage
-
pulsating voltage
-
pulse breakdown voltage
-
pulse noise voltage
-
punch-through voltage
-
puncture voltage
-
quadrature-axis component voltage behind transient reactance
-
quadrature-axis subtransient internal voltage
-
quadrature-axis subtransient voltage
-
quadrature-axis synchronous internal voltage
-
quadrature-axis synchronous voltage
-
quadrature-axis transient internal voltage
-
quadrature-axis transient voltage
-
quiescent input voltage
-
quiescent output voltage
-
radio interference voltage
-
rated impulse withstand voltage
-
rated temperature-rise voltage
-
rated voltage
-
reach-through voltage
-
reactance voltage
-
receiver voltage
-
receiving-end voltage
-
recovery voltage
-
rectified voltage
-
reduced voltage
-
reference voltage
-
reignition voltage
-
release voltage
-
repetitive voltage
-
residual voltage
-
resistance voltage
-
resonance voltage
-
response voltage
-
restoring voltage
-
restraining voltage
-
restriking voltage
-
reverse voltage
-
ring voltage
-
ring-to-ring voltage
-
ripple voltage
-
root-mean-square voltage
-
running voltage
-
safety extralow voltage
-
saturation voltage
-
sawtooth voltage
-
secondary voltage
-
self-induction voltage
-
sending-end voltage
-
sense voltage
-
service voltage
-
shift voltage
-
shock voltage
-
short-circuit voltage
-
shorting voltage
-
shot-noise voltage
-
signal voltage
-
sine-curve voltage
-
sine voltage
-
sine-wave voltage
-
sinusoidal voltage
-
slip-ring voltage
-
smoothed dc voltage
-
source voltage
-
spark-gap breakdown voltage
-
sparking voltage
-
sparkover voltage
-
speed-induced voltage
-
speed voltage
-
spot cutoff voltage
-
square-wave voltage
-
stabilized voltage
-
standard voltage
-
star voltage
-
starting voltage
-
static breakdown voltage
-
station auxiliaries voltage
-
steady-state voltage
-
step voltage
-
stray voltage
-
striking voltage
-
subtransient internal voltage
-
subtransient voltage
-
superimposed voltage
-
supply voltage
-
supply-line voltage
-
surge voltage
-
sustaining voltage
-
sweep voltage
-
swing voltage
-
switching surge voltage
-
switching voltage
-
symmetrical voltage
-
synchronous generator internal voltage
-
synchronous generator voltage
-
system voltage
-
tank voltage
-
tapping voltage
-
temperature voltage
-
terminal voltage
-
testing voltage
-
test voltage
-
thermal noise voltage
-
thermocouple voltage
-
thermoelectric voltage
-
threshold voltage
-
tooth voltage
-
touch voltage
-
transient internal voltage
-
transient recovery voltage
-
transient voltage
-
transmission-line voltage
-
trigger voltage
-
tuning voltage
-
turnoff voltage
-
ultor voltage
-
ultrahigh voltage
-
unbalanced voltage
-
unidirectional voltage
-
upper voltage
-
variable voltage
-
welding voltage
-
welding-arc voltage
-
wet switching surge withstand voltage
-
wet withstand voltage
-
withstanding voltage
-
withstand voltage
-
working voltage
-
Y-voltage
-
zener voltage
-
zero-phase-sequence voltage
-
zero-sequence voltage -
50 balance of payments
сокр. BOP, BoP, BP1) межд. эк., фин., стат. платежный баланс (статистический отчет, в котором в систематическом виде приводятся суммарные данные о внешнеэкономических операциях резидентов данной страны с нерезидентами за определенный период; состоит из двух разделов: счета текущих операций и счета движения капитала)COMBS:
Britain's balance of payments — платежный баланс Великобритании, британский платежный баланс
Syn:See:balance of payments assistance, balance of payments consultations, balance of payments curve, balance of payments deficit, balance of payments disequilibrium, balance of payments equilibrium, balance of payments needs, balance of payments problem, balance of payments restrictions, balance of payments surplus, capital account 1), current account 2), balance of trade 1), balance of services, official reserves balance, credit item 1) б), debit item 1) б) Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics, Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics 2. 2), Committee for Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments statistics 2. 2)2) межд. эк., фин., стат. сальдо платежного баланса (разность между денежными платежами, поступающими резидентам в данную страну из-за границы, и их платежами нерезидентам за границу в течение определенного периода времени)ATTRIBUTES: favourable, unfavourable, active, passive, positive, negative
See:
* * *
balance of payments; BOP 1) платежный баланс: учет всех платежей и поступлений всех резидентов данного государства относительно всех нерезидентов за определенный период; включает текущий баланс и баланс движения капиталов; является индикатором относительной конкурентоспособности государства; см. capital account 1; 2) сальдо расчетов по торговле товарами и услугами, движения капиталов.* * *платежный баланс; движение капиталов; сальдо расчетов по торговле товарами и услугами. Статистическая компиляция, составленная суверенным государством из всех экономических транзакций между резидентами и нерезидентами на оговоренный период времени, обычно календарный год . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *Финансы/Кредит/Валюта-----соотношение между валютными поступлениями в данную страну из-за границы и платежами, произведенными этой же страной за границей в течение определенного периода -
51 consumer
сущ.1) эк. потребитель; покупательATTRIBUTES: average 2. 1), 2. 2), conventional 2. 2), end 1. 1), final 1. 1), individual 1. 2), industrial 1. 1), а, loyal 1. 1), potential 2. 2), prospective 2. 2), rational 2. 1), reasonable 2. 1), representative 2. 2), n2, target 3. 1), ultimate 2. 2), n1
British consumers are paying much more than their counterparts in mainland Europe for a wide range of goods. — Британские потребители покупают многие товары по значительно более высокой цене, чем потребители материковой Европы.
Our consumers expect products which are not only delicious (and safe) but which have been produced fairly and ethically. — Наши потребители ожидают таких продуктов, которые не только вкусны и безопасны для здоровья, но еще и были произведены надлежащим образом и в согласии с этическими нормами.
An average consumer for heating in Turkey uses fuel wood at a rate of 0.75 m3 yr. — Среднестатистический потребитель отопления в Турции использует 0,75 м3 в год древесного топлива.
See:average consumer, conventional consumer, disadvantaged consumer, end consumer, end-consumer, fickle consumer, final consumer, green consumers, heat consumer, individual consumer, industrial consumer, interested consumer, intermediate consumer, loyal consumer, manipulated consumer, potential consumer, price-conscious consumer, price-sensitive consumer, prospective consumer, rational consumer, reasonable consumer, representative consumer, savvy consumer, target consumer, ultimate consumer, water consumer, consumer acceptance, consumer account, consumer activist, consumer advertisement, consumer advertising, consumer advisory board, consumer advisory council, consumer advocate, consumer affluence, consumer analysis, consumer anticipations, consumer appeal, consumer attitude, consumer audience, consumer awareness, consumer bank, consumer basket, consumer behaviour, consumer benefit, consumer boom, consumer brochure, consumer budget, consumer business, consumer buying decision, consumer capitalism, consumer choice, consumer clinic, consumer club, consumer commodities, consumer communications, consumer comparison, consumer complaint, consumer confidence, consumer container, consumer cooperation, consumer cooperative, consumer council, consumer credit, consumer culture, consumer debenture, consumer decision making, consumer deficit, consumer delivery, consumer demand, consumer diary, consumer discrimination, consumer durable product, consumer durables, consumer economics, consumer education, consumer effect, consumer electronics, consumer environment, consumer equilibrium, consumer evaluation, consumer expectations, consumer expenditure, consumer favour, consumer feedback, consumer finance company, consumer flow, consumer franchise, consumer fraud, consumer goods, consumer group, consumer guide, consumer habit, consumer impression, consumer income, consumer inertia, consumer information, consumer inquiry, consumer insurance, consumer interest, consumer interview, consumer items, consumer jury, consumer knowledge, consumer language, consumer law, consumer learnings, consumer lease, consumer leasing, consumer legislation, consumer lifestyle, consumer lines, consumer list, consumer loan, consumer lobby, consumer loyalty, consumer magazine, consumer market, consumer marketing, consumer motivation, consumer movement, consumer needs, consumer non-durables, consumer orientation, consumer pack, consumer panel, consumer patronage, consumer perception, consumer personality, consumer policy, consumer population, consumer practice, consumer preferences, consumer premium, consumer pressure, consumer price, consumer products, consumer profile, consumer promotion, consumer properties, consumer protection, consumer psychologist, consumer psychology, consumer publication, consumer purchase, consumer purchaser, consumer rating, consumer reaction, consumer relations, consumer report, consumer research, consumer resistance, consumer response, consumer rights, consumer sale, consumer sales, consumer satisfaction, consumer segment, consumer service, consumer services, consumer setting, consumer shopping, consumer society, consumer sophistication, consumer sovereignty, consumer spending, consumer spendings, consumer study, consumer surplus, consumer survey, consumer tastes, consumer trade practices, consumer trends, consumer use tests, consumer utility, consumer valuation, consumer value, consumer vulnerability, consumer warranty, consumer waste, consumer wealth, consumer welfare, consumer's account, consumers' attitude, consumer's choice, consumer's cooperative, consumer's demand, consumers expenditure, consumer's goods, consumer's indifference curve, consumers market, consumers' market, consumers' panel, consumer's point, consumers' preference, consumers' remedy, consumer's surplus, consumers' surplus, consumer's test, consumer's wants, cost to consumer, price to consumer COMBS: business to consumer, business-to-consumer, business-to-consumer firm, competition for the consumer's dollar, Consumer Credit Act 1974, Consumer Credit Protection Act, Consumer Goods Pricing Act, Consumer Magazine and Agri-Media Rates and Data, Consumer Product Safety Act, Consumer Products Warranties Act, Consumer Protection Act 1961, Consumer Protection Act 1971, Consumer Reports, Consumer Safety Act 1978, Department of Banking and Consumer Finance v. Clarke, Ethical Consumer, Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Marketing Act, Home Equity Loan Consumer Protection Act, Telephone Consumer Protection Act 1991, Uniform Consumer Credit Code, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Consumer Bankers Association, consumer confidence, consumer expenditure2) биол., эк. прир. консумент (организм, который потребляет другие организмы; выделяют первичные, вторичные и третичные консументы)See:
* * *
потребитель: лицо, которое в конечном итоге пользуется данным товаром или услугой (это не всегда покупатель).* * * -
52 equation
1) уравнение
2) <phys.> борновский
3) <math.> равенство
4) поправка
– according to equation
– adiabatic equation
– adjoint equation
– algebraic equation
– appear in equation
– approximate equation
– balance equation
– basic equation
– biquadratic equation
– boundary-layer equation
– calibration equation
– canonical equation
– combustion equation
– constitutive equation
– constraint equation
– continuity equation
– cubic equation
– cyclical equation
– cyclotomic equation
– defective equation
– degree of equation
– depress equation
– depressed equation
– derive equation
– determinantal equation
– difference equation
– difference-differential equation
– diffusion equation
– dimensional equation
– Diophantine equation
– dynamic equation
– empirical equation
– equation in one unknown
– equation in two unknowns
– equation of continuity
– equation of degree
– equation of form
– equation of motion
– equation of state
– equation of time
– equation set-up
– equilibrium equation
– estimating equation
– exact equation
– exponential equation
– failure of an equation
– field equation
– first-order equation
– fit equation
– flow equation
– homogeneous equation
– hydrologic equation
– indeterminate equation
– indicial equation
– inhomogeneous equation
– input equation
– integral equation
– irreducible equation
– likelihood equation
– linear equation
– machine equation
– matrix equation
– Maxwell's equation
– mesh-current equation
– momentum equation
– multigrade equation
– nodal-voltage equation
– operator equation
– parabolic equation
– parity-check equation
– path equation
– personal equation
– plant equation
– Plucker's equation
– quadratic equation
– radar equation
– rate equation
– ray-tracing equation
– re-arrange equation
– reciprocal equation
– regression equation
– retrospective equation
– root of an equation
– satisfy an equation
– satisfy equation
– scalar equation
– secular equation
– set up equation
– Shapery equation
– side of equation
– simple equation
– solution of an equation
– solve by equation
– steady-state equation
– telegraph equation
– telegrapher's equation
– tendency equation
– tensor equation
– term of equation
– total equation
– transcendental equation
– transformation equation
– transport equation
– transpose equation
– trichromatic equation
– vector equation
– wave equation
adjoint of a differential equation — уравнение дифференциальное сопряженное
coefficient of the model equation — <comput.> коэффициент модели
Einstein photoelectric equation — формула Эйнштейна для фотоэффекта
equation for alternating current — уравнение переменного тока
exact differential equation — уравнение в полных дифференциалах
finitely differentiable equation — конечно-дифференцируемое уравнение
Korteweg de Vries equation — <math.> уравнение Кортевега де Вриза
non-homogeneous differential equation — неоднородное дифференциальное уравнение
partial differential equation — уравнение дифференциальное в частных производных
reduce equation to identity — превращать уравнение в тождество
stiff differential equation — уравнение дифференциальное жесткое
-
53 second theorem of welfare economics
эк. вторая теорема экономики благосостояния (согласно этой теореме, при условии, что все кривые безразличия и изокванты выпуклы относительно начала координат, для любого парето-эффективного распределения ресурсов существует система цен, обеспечивающая общее экономическое равновесие)Syn:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > second theorem of welfare economics
-
54 point
1) пункт
2) запятая
3) кегль
4) острие
5) острый конец
6) очко
7) расшивать
8) расшить
9) точечный
10) шпицевать
11) деление
12) <topogr.> мыс
13) точка
14) место
15) указывать
16) ставить знаки препинания
17) заострение
18) наконечник
19) предмет
20) <engin.> балл
– accessible point
– accumulation point
– adherent point
– altimetric point
– ambiguous point
– amplitude of a point
– anchoring point
– antipodal point
– at a point
– at point
– attaching point
– attachment point
– automatic set point
– barometrical point
– base point
– bending point
– binary point
– boiling point
– boundary point
– branch point
– branching point
– breaker point
– brilliant point
– burble point
– cardinal point
– center point
– check point
– chisel point
– compass-card point
– condensation point
– conjugate point
– contact point
– continuous at a point
– contraction to point
– convergence point
– corner point
– cultivator point
– Curie point
– cuspidal point
– cut point
– cutter point
– data point
– datum point
– dead point
– decimal point
– degree of point
– departure point
– dew point
– diacritical point
– diamond point
– diramation point
– discontinuity point
– divider point
– dividing point
– double point
– drill point
– east point
– enclose a point
– entry point
– equilibrium point
– equivalence point
– evaporating point
– extra-axis point
– extreme point
– finishing point
– firing point
– fix point in position
– fixed point
– flash point
– flex point
– floating point
– form point
– freezing point
– fusion point
– generic point
– glass-transition point
– glaziers' point
– gold point
– grid point
– half-power point
– hinge point
– ice formation point
– ideal point
– ignition point
– image of a point
– indication point
– infinite point
– inflection point
– initial point
– intersection point
– inverse point
– isolated point
– junction point
– labile point
– lattice point
– limit point
– linkage point
– load point
– lubrication point
– main point
– mark a point
– marker point
– mass point
– material point
– measuring point
– melting point
– mirror point
– movable point
– multiple point
– nadir point
– Neel point
– neutral point
– nodal point
– north point
– null point
– operating point
– pitch point
– point approximation
– point at infinity
– point bar
– point brilliance
– point cathode
– point conic
– point contact
– point contacts
– point corrosion
– point diode
– point disturbance
– point eikonal
– point focus
– point force
– point harmonic
– point hologram
– point in time
– point joints
– point lock
– point locking
– point mass
– point of application
– point of break
– point of connection
– point of contact
– point of control
– point of departure
– point of destination
– point of emanation
– point of inflection
– point of interpolation
– point of intersection
– point of junction
– point of lattice
– point of levelling
– point of observation
– point of osculation
– point of reference
– point of separation
– point of sight
– point of support
– point of tangency
– point of the compass
– point of tooth
– point of view
– point pile
– point radiator
– point resolution
– point scale
– point scatterer
– point set
– point source
– point spectrum
– point temperature
– point tool
– point wire
– position of a point
– power of a point
– precipitation point
– principal point
– radix point
– rail point
– ramification point
– reefing point
– reference point
– regular point
– ridge point
– saddle point
– sampling point
– saturation point
– sense point
– separation point
– sequence point
– share point
– silver point
– singing point
– singular point
– softening point
– solidification point
– spark-plug point
– spinodal point
– spiral point
– sputter point
– stagnation point
– starting point
– stationary point
– stock point
– switching point
– terminal point
– tooth point
– touch-down point
– transfer point
– transformation point
– transition point
– triangulation point
– triple point
– turning point
– umbilical point
– unit point
– up to this point
– valley point
– vanishing point
– work point
– world point
– yield point
– zenith point
azimuth of distant point — <topogr.> азимут направления на отдаленную наблюдаемую
bisecting point of a segment — <geom.> середина отрезка
control point adjustment — настройка точки регулирования, <engin.> задатчик
facing point lock — < railways> замок ригельный оконечный
fixed point computation — вычисление с фиксированной запятой
floating decimal point — <comput.> точка плавающая
including the point at infinity — включая бесконечно удаленную точку
phase separation point — <phys.> критическая точка расслаивания
point spread function — <opt.> функция аппаратная, <opt.> функция рассеяния точки
true boiling point — <phys.> температура кипения истинная
-
55 stability
1) стабильность
2) стационарность
3) устойчивость
4) крепость
5) неколебание
6) прочность
7) стойкость
8) стабилизирующий
– arm of stability
– aseismic stability
– course stability
– damaged stability
– degrade stability
– dimensional stability
– directional stability
– disturb stability
– dynamic stability
– elastic stability
– enhance stability
– entropic stability
– flow stability
– flutter stability
– form stability
– free-flight stability
– frequency stability
– heading stability
– hovering stability
– impart stability
– inflight stability
– inherent stability
– initial stability
– intact stability
– interlace stability
– lateral stability
– load stability
– long-period stability
– longitudinal stability
– maintain stability
– moment of stability
– noise stability
– overall stability
– rolling stability
– seismic stability
– short-period stability
– short-term stability
– stability analyzer
– stability augmentor
– stability criterion
– stability curve
– stability derivative
– stability in pitch
– stability in storage
– stability information
– stability limit
– stability margin
– stability moment
– stability of equilibrium
– stability plane
– stability theory
– strain stability
– thermal stability
– transverse stability
– weathercock stability
thermal stability factor — коэффициент температурной стабильности
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56 temperature
1) температура
2) температурный
– above-zero temperature
– absolute temperature
– air-blast temperature
– ambient temperature
– annealing temperature
– apparent temperature
– at temperature
– background temperature
– be temperature dependent
– brightness temperature
– brittle temperature
– bulk temperature
– calendering temperature
– casting temperature
– Celsius temperature
– charging temperature
– cloud temperature
– coagulation temperature
– color temperature
– combustion temperature
– constant temperature
– control temperature
– cryogenic temperature
– Curie temperature
– Debye temperature
– degeneracy temperature
– dimensionless temperature
– dry-bulb temperature
– dyeing temperature
– elevated temperature
– equilibrium temperature
– eutectic temperature
– final temperature
– finishing temperature
– flame temperature
– flow temperature
– forging temperature
– free-flowing temperature
– freezing temperature
– fusion temperature
– gelatinization temperature
– glass-transition temperature
– hardening temperature
– hold temperature
– ignition temperature
– intake temperature
– ion temperature
– Kelvin temperature
– lethal temperature
– limiting temperature
– lining temperature
– liquefaction temperature
– liquid-nitrogen temperature
– liquidus temperature
– melting temperature
– molding temperature
– Neel temperature
– noise temperature
– note temperature
– outlet temperature
– point temperature
– polymerization temperature
– pressing temperature
– radiation temperature
– radio temperature
– reaction temperature
– recrystallization temperature
– reduced temperature
– reduction temperature
– reference temperature
– reheat temperature
– representative temperature
– rolling temperature
– room temperature
– saturation temperature
– setting temperature
– sintering temperature
– skin-friction temperature
– softening temperature
– soldering temperature
– solidification temperature
– stagnation temperature
– storage temperature
– stratification of temperature
– subfreezing temperature
– sublimation temperature
– subzero temperature
– superheat temperature
– surface temperature
– take temperature
– tap temperature
– temperature altitude
– temperature coefficient
– temperature colors
– temperature condition
– temperature conductivity
– temperature control
– temperature derating
– temperature drop
– temperature falls
– temperature gradient
– temperature indicator
– temperature inversion
– temperature profile
– temperature range
– temperature rises
– temperature saturation
– temperature span
– temperature stress
– temperature tracking
– temperature triggering
– tempering temperature
– thermo-nuclear temperature
– total temperature
– transition temperature
– vaporization temperature
– wet-bulb temperature
– working temperature
– zero temperature
adiabatic wet-bulb temperature — <meteor.> температура смоченного термометра адиабатическая
automatic temperature regulator — <comput.> регулятор температуры автоматический
ductile-to-brittle transition temperature — температура вязко-хрупкого перехода
international temperature scale — <math.> шкала температур международная
piesoelectric temperature transducer — пьезокварцевый преобразователь
range of cyrogenic temperature — диапазон криогенных температур
resistance-type temperature detector — <tech.> термощуп
temperature independent core — температурно-независимый сердечник
thermostatic temperature control — ключевое термостатирование
valley on temperature curve — <phys.> сброс температуры
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57 transient
1) быстротечный
2) <engin.> кратковременный
3) мимолетный
4) преходящий
5) устанавливающийся
6) переходный
7) скоротечный
8) переходный процесс
9) невозвратный
10) недолговечный
11) неустановившийся
12) проходящая волна
13) <engin.> режим неустановившийся
– transient acceleration
– transient aerodynamics
– transient amplitude
– transient analysis
– transient analyzer
– transient condition
– transient conditions
– transient current
– transient distortion
– transient equilibrium
– transient feedback
– transient flow
– transient motion
– transient noise
– transient oscillation
– transient oscillations
– transient over
– transient performance
– transient period
– transient pressure
– transient process
– transient response
– transient source
– transient state
– transient time
– transient torque
– transient wave
transient frequency jitter — < radio> дергание частоты
transient response analyzer — анализатор переходных процессов
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58 analysis
1) анализ; исследование; подробное рассмотрение2) бухг. метод расчёта -
59 INCOME EFFECT
Эффект дохода
Изменение реального дохода потребителя в результате изменения цены на продукт. Согласно теории спроса снижение цены на товар обычно приводит к росту спроса на этот товар. Если потребитель имеет доход в Ј10, а цена на товар Х равна Ј1, он может купить 10 единиц этого товара. При снижении цены до 50 пенсов он сможет купить 10 единиц товара всего за Ј5, а сэкономленные Ј5 он сможет потратить на покупку большего количества того же товара Х или других товаров. Эффект дохода и эффект замещения объясняют нисходящее направление кривых спроса (см. Demand curve). См. Consumer equilibrium, Revealed preference, Price effect.Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > INCOME EFFECT
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60 PRICE EFFECT
Ценовой эффект
Влияние изменения цены на величину спроса на продукт. При прочих равных условиях повышение цены ведет к соответствующему уменьшению величины спроса и наоборот, т.е. существует обратная зависимость между ценой и величиной спроса. огласно теории спроса, ценовой эффект можно разделить на эффект замещения (см. Substitution effect) и эффект дохода (см. Income effect). Рассмотрим график.На графике представлена исходная бюджетная линия потребителя ХY (см. Budget line). I1 и I2 - кривые безразличия (см. Indifference curve). Точка L, в которой кривая безразличия I2 касается бюджетной линии XY, показывает исходное равновесное положение потребителя, максимизирующего свою полезность при покупке продуктов А и В соответственно в количестве Od и Oe. Теперь предположим, что цена на товар В увеличилась, и, следовательно, потребитель уже не сможет купить его в количестве Oe. Новая ситуация отражается смещением бюджетной линии XY внутрь оси координат до положения XZ. Новое равновесное положение потребителя сместится в точку М. Поскольку цена на продукт В выросла, реальный доход потребителя снизился. Однако перемещение из точки L в точку M и снижение потребления продукта В с Oe до Og является результатом совместного действия как эффекта дохода, так и эффекта замещения. Чтобы отделить эффект замещения, необходимо увеличить доход потребителя настолько, чтобы он смог компенсировать потерю покупательной способности: бюджетная линия сместится до точки касания с исходной кривой безразличия I2 (точка N) (сочетание продуктов в точке N дает такую же полезность, как и сочетание продуктов в точке L). Однако потребитель уже снизил потребление товара B и увеличил потребление товара А. Следовательно, перемещение из точки L в точку N или сокращение величины спроса на продукт B с Oe до Oh и есть эффект замещения. Чтобыпродемонстрироватьэффектдохода,необходимо устранить компенсационный рост дохода потребителя, т.е. вновь вернуться к бюджетной линии XZ, которая соприкасается с кривой безразличия I1 в точке М, показывающей оптимальное сочетание продуктов А и В в количестве Of и Og соответственно. Перемещение из точки N в точку M есть эффект дохода. Что касается нормальных продуктов (см. Normal product), эффекты замещения и дохода усиливают друг друга, так что рост цен на эти продукты приводит к снижению спроса. Однако в отношении продуктов низкого качества (см. Inferior product) эффекты действуют в разных направлениях, что затрудняет прогнозирование ценового эффекта. Если потребление продукта поглощает основную часть бюджета домохозяйства, то эффект дохода может быть настолько значительным, что он способен минимизировать эффект замещения, и снижение цены приведет к падению спроса. Например, в бедных странах, где основная часть семейного бюджета расходуется на продукты питания, такие как рис, снижение цены на рис может привести к снижению спроса на него, поскольку реальный доход домохозяйств увеличится, и они смогут позволить себе заменять рис рыбой или мясом. См. Giffen good, Consumer equilibrium.
Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > PRICE EFFECT
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