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21 программа управления
1) General subject: program control, programme control2) Engineering: control program, control routine3) Economy: control programme, management programme4) Information technology: manager (устройствами или ресурсами)5) Network technologies: management applicationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > программа управления
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22 рабочая программа
1) Computers: operation program, run-time program2) Engineering: executable code, operating program3) Construction: work programme4) Economy: operating programme, working programme5) Information technology: production program, runtime program, working program6) Business: work program -
23 разрабатывать программу
1) Military: compile a program2) Engineering: program3) Economy: develop a programme4) Diplomatic term: draw up a programme, schedule (чего-л.)5) Mass media: map out the program, set up the program6) Makarov: create a programme, develop a program, draw up a programУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > разрабатывать программу
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24 руководитель программы
1) Military: program executive officer2) Engineering: program manager3) Economy: program chairman, program director4) Accounting: programme director, programme manager5) EBRD: Programme ManagerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > руководитель программы
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25 служебная программа
1) General subject: support programme2) Engineering: housekeeping routine, service routine, utility, utility program, utility routine3) Music: auxiliary routine4) Electronics: program-aid routine5) Information technology: service program, utility function6) Oil: support program7) Makarov: supporting programme, supporting programmeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > служебная программа
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26 стандартная программа
1) Computers: applet2) Engineering: standard program, standard routine3) Economy: general programme4) Information technology: accessory, routine, routine program5) Makarov: common programme, routine programmeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > стандартная программа
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27 универсальная программа
1) Engineering: general routine, generalized routine2) Information technology: general program, general-purpose program, general-purpose routine4) Makarov: general programme, general-purpose programme, universal programmeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > универсальная программа
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28 Wöhler, August
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 22 June 1819 Soltau, Germanyd. 21 June 1914 Hannover, Germany[br]German railway engineer who first established the fatigue fracture of metals.[br]Wöhler, the son of a schoolteacher, was born at Soltau on the Luneburg Heath and received his early education at his father's school, where his mathematical abilities soon became apparent. He completed his studies at the Technical High School, Hannover.In 1840 he obtained a position at the Borsig Engineering Works in Berlin and acquired there much valuable experience in railway technology. He trained as an engine driver in Belgium and in 1843 was appointed as an engineer to the first Hannoverian Railway, then being constructed between Hannover and Lehrte. In 1847 he became Chief Superintendent of rolling stock on the Lower Silesian-Brandenhurg Railway, where his technical abilities influenced the Prussian Minister of Commerce to appoint him to a commission set up to investigate the reasons for the unusually high incidence of axle failures then being encountered on the railways. This was in 1852, and by 1854, when the Brandenburg line had been nationalized, Wöhler had already embarked on the long, systematic programme of mechanical testing which eventually provided him with a clear insight into the process of what is now referred to as "fatigue failure". He concentrated initially on the behaviour of machined iron and steel specimens subjected to fluctuating direct, bending and torsional stresses that were imposed by testing machines of his own design.Although Wöhler was not the first investigator in this area, he was the first to recognize the state of "fatigue" induced in metals by the repeated application of cycles of stress at levels well below those that would cause immediate failure. His method of plotting the fatigue stress amplitude "S" against the number of stress cycles necessary to cause failure "N" yielded the well-known S-N curve which described very precisely the susceptibility to fatigue failure of the material concerned. Engineers were thus provided with an invaluable testing technique that is still widely used in the 1990s.Between 1851 and 1898 Wöhler published forty-two papers in German technical journals, although the importance of his work was not initially fully appreciated in other countries. A display of some of his fracture fatigue specimens at the Paris Exposition in 1867, however, stimulated a short review of his work in Engineering in London. Four years later, in 1871, Engineering published a series of nine articles which described Wöhler's findings in considerable detail and brought them to the attention of engineers. Wöhler became a member of the newly created management board of the Imperial German Railways in 1874, an appointment that he retained until 1889. He is also remembered for his derivation in 1855 of a formula for calculating the deflections under load of lattice girders, plate girders, and other continuous beams resting on more than two supports. This "Three Moments" theorem appeared two years before Clapeyron independently advanced the same expression. Wöhler's other major contribution to bridge design was to use rollers at one end to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.[br]Bibliography1855, "Theorie rechteckiger eiserner Brückenbalken", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 5:122–66. 1870, "Über die Festigkeitversuche mit Eisen und Stahl", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 20:73– 106.Wöhler's experiments on the fatigue of metals were reported in Engineering (1867) 2:160; (1871) 11:199–200, 222, 243–4, 261, 299–300, 326–7, 349–50, 397, 439–41.Further ReadingR.Blaum, 1918, "August Wöhler", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie 8:35–55.——1925, "August Wöhler", Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch, Vol. I, Stuttgart, pp. 103–7.K.Pearson, 1890, "On Wöhler's experiments on alternating stress", Messeng. Math.20:21–37.J.Gilchrist, 1900, "On Wöhler's Laws", Engineer 90:203–4.ASD -
29 ВПР
1) General subject: comprehensive disarmament programme, comprehensive programme of disarmament2) Medicine: врожденные пороки развития3) Engineering: decision height (о дальнейших действиях в полете), war4) Abbreviation: машина Выправочно-Подбивочно-Рихтовочная -
30 ассемблер
1) General subject: assembler (язык программирования)2) Engineering: assembler language, assembler program, assembly language, assembly program3) Information technology: asm, assembly system, symbolic assembly system4) Makarov: assembler programme, assembly programme -
31 выходная программа
1) General subject: target programme2) Engineering: object code (на выходном языке транслятора)3) Information technology: object code (программа на выходном языке транслятора), object program, output program, output routine4) Programming: object routine (конечная программа)5) Makarov: object programmeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > выходная программа
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32 компонующая программа
1) Engineering: assembler program, assembly program2) Information technology: assembler3) Makarov: assembler programme, assembly programmeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > компонующая программа
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33 машинная программа
1) Engineering: computer code, computer program, computing program, machine program2) Information technology: code3) Automation: software code4) Makarov: computer programme, machine programmeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > машинная программа
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34 общая программа
1) Engineering: general program2) Economy: common programme, general programme3) Diplomatic term: general plan4) Astronautics: general routine5) Advertising: overall program -
35 операционная система
1) Computers: executive supervisor, host system2) Aviation: operational system3) Engineering: executive4) Information technology: OS (ОС, operating system), ROM-based operating system, executive system, operating system (ОС, сокр. OS), real-time operating system, supervisor5) Oil: operating system6) Mechanics: operation system7) Network technologies: Operating system (Набор программ, управляющих работой компьютера и ресурсов, а также обеспечивающих доступ к памяти, приложениям, устройствам хранения, периферии)8) Automation: operating system (ЭВМ), operational system (ЭВМ)9) Robots: operation system (ЭВМ)10) Makarov: control program, control programme, executive programme, operating system (OS), operational environment11) Security: Linux (некомерческая версия UNIX)12) Disaster recovery: operating system (Совокупность системных программных средств, управляющих работой прикладных программ и технических средств компьютера)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > операционная система
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36 переключатель программ
1) Naval: program selector, programme selector switch2) Engineering: program switch, selector dial3) TV: range control4) Astronautics: program controller5) Household appliances: programme selectorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > переключатель программ
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37 программа модернизации
1) Military: upgrading program2) Engineering: improvement program3) Construction: modernization program4) Economy: modernization programme, updating program, updating programmeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > программа модернизации
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38 программа на машинном языке
1) Engineering: machine-language program2) Information technology: machine language program3) Robots: object program4) Makarov: absolute programme, machine programmeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > программа на машинном языке
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39 программа передач
1) General subject: programme parade (объявляемая на текущий день)2) Engineering: program schedule, transmission program3) TV: (телевидения) TV listings, programming4) Advertising: program schedule (радио- или телевещания), programme schedule (радио- или телевещания) -
40 программа-монитор
1) Engineering: monitor2) Electronics: monitor, monitor program3) Information technology: monitoring program4) Makarov: control program, control programme, programme monitor
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