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21 four

1
four-phase
four-ply
four-polar
four-pole
four-sided

2
four-barrel carburetor
four-barrel carburettor
four-centered arch
four-centred arch
four-channel amplifier
four-circle diffractometer
four-color printing
four-color process
four-color process ink
four-color theorem
four-colour printing
four-colour process
four-colour process ink
four-colour theorem
four-column forging press
four-concentric-circle near-field template
four-concentric-circle refractive-index template
four-cylinder motorcycle
four-engine jet aircraft
four-flute twist hand reamer
four-high
four-high rod mill
four-jaw independent chuck
four-layer diode
four-level maser
four-master
four-plate
four-pole filter
four-pole generator
four-port directional control valve
four-quadrant multiplier
four-roll reverse pan feed
four-screw bell chuck
four-seat aircraft
four-signature coding system
four-spindle drilling machine
four-star petrol
four-stroke cycle
four-stroke engine
four-terminal network
four-throw geared pump
four-tool tool post
four-tool turret
four-way
four-way bit
four-way cock
four-way dusting
four-way extension socket
four-way pallet
four-way powdering
four-wheel brake system
four-wheel drive
four-wheel drive vehicle
four-wing bit
four-wire circuit
four-wire crosspoint
four-wire repeater
four-wire switch
four-wire switching system
four-wire system

English-Spanish technical dictionary > four
22 control

управление; регулирование; контроль; орган [рычаг] управления; руль; pl. система управления или регулирования; управлять; регулировать

airfield surface movement control — управление движением на лётном поле

airplane elastic mode control — демпфирование упругих колебаний самолёта

back seat flight control — управление ЛА из задней кабины [с места заднего лётчика]; pl. дублирующие органы управления в задней кабине

be out of control — терять управление [управляемость]; выходить из-под управления [контроля]

close-in control of air strikes — непосредственное наведение авиации (при поддержке наземных войск)

constant M(ach number) control — стабилизация числа М или по числу М

continuously variable thrust control — плавное [бесступенчатое] регулирование тяги

control c.g. control — регулирование центровки (ЛА)

control of emergency landing gear selection — управление аварийным выпуском шасси

control of missile attitude — стабилизация ракеты; управление пространственным положением ракеты

control of the air — превосходство или господство в воздухе; превосходство в области авиации [в авиационной технике]; контроль воздушного пространства

control of the yoke — разг. управление штурвалом

control of thrust orientation — управление ориентированием [направлением вектора] тяги

control of velocity corrections — корректирование скорости (полёта)

direct side force control — непосредственное управление боковой силой

electric(ally signalled) flying controls — электродистанционная система управления ЛА

flight deck lighting controls — органы управления [ручки регулировки] освещением кабины экипажа

fling the controls over — перебрасывать органы управления (в противоположную сторону),

flow control with altitude compensation — регулятор расхода [подачи] с высотным корректором

forward stick spin recovery control — вывод из штопора отклонением ручки вперёд

fuel dump valve control — кран [рычаг крана] аварийного слива топлива

fuel tank selector control — управление переключением или рычаг переключателя топливных баков

gas jet attitude control — управление пространственным положением с помощью системы газоструйных рулей

go out of control — терять управление, выходить из-под управления [контроля]

ground rollout rudder steering control — управление пробегом [на пробеге] с помощью руля направления

hand off to approach control — передавать (самолёт) диспетчерскому пункту подхода

high-lift boundary layer control — управление пограничным слоем для увеличения подъёмной силы

hold the controls in — удерживать рули в отклонённом положении

individual wheel anti-skid control — автомат торможения на каждом колесе

interconnected fuel and propeller controls — объединённая система регулирования подачи топлива и шага винта

jet tab thrust vector control — управление вектором тяги с помощью газовых рулей; дефлекторное управление вектором тяги

jet thrust directional control — управление изменением направления тяги

jet(-deflection, -direction) control — реактивное [струйное] управление; управление изменением направления тяги; струйный руль

laminar (flow) boundary layer control — ламинаризация обтекания путем управления пограничным слоем

magnetic attitude control of satellite — стабилизация ИСЗ в магнитном поле (Земли)

manual mixture shut-off control — рычаг отсечки подачи горючей смеси, рычаг останова [выключения] двигателя

maximum boundary layer control — управление пограничным слоем при наибольшей эффективности [производительности, интенсивности работы] системы

recover the control — восстанавливать управление [управляемость]

respond to the controls — реагировать [отвечать] на отклонение рулей [органов управления]

rocket thrust vector control — управление вектором тяги ракетного двигателя

slam the controls around — беспорядочно действовать рычагами управления

space shuttle orbiter control — управление орбитальной ступенью челночного воздушно-космического аппарата

suction boundary layer control — управление пограничным слоем путем отсоса

throttle and collective pitch control — верт. рычаг «шаг — газ»

turbine inlet temperature controls — система регулирования температуры газов на входе в турбину

turn the controls over — передавать управление (другому лётчику)

— abort control

— abrupt control

— acceleration control

— active control

— adaptive control

— adjustable gain control

— aerial control

— aerodynamic control

— afterburner flow control

— afterburner fuel control

— aileron control

— air conditioning controls

— air inlet control

— air intake control

— air supply control

— air support control

— air traffic control

— air-actuated control

— airborne armament control

— airbrake control

— aircraft control

— airdrome control

— airfield control

— airflow control

— air-fuel ratio control

— air-jet nozzle control

— airlift control

— air-operated control

— airscrew control

— airspeed control

— airways control

— all-movable control

— all-moving control

— all-rigid control

— altitude control

— altitude mixture control

— angular rate control

— anticipatory control

— anti-ice control

— antiskid control

— antispin controls

— applied optimal control

— approach control

— approach/tower control

— area control

— armament-release control

— arresting hook control

— arrival-time control

— assisted control

— at the controls

— atmosphere contaminant control

— atmosphere-entry control

— atmospheric composition control

— atmospheric control

— attitude control

— attitude rate control

— automatic acceleration control

— automatic boost control

— automatic control

— automatic following control

— automatic load control

— automatic mixture-ratio control

— automatic power control

— automatic pressure control

— automatic starting control

— automatic temperature control

— automatic throttle control

— autopilot control

— autopitch control

— auxiliary controls

— azimuth control

— backup control

— ballistic flight control

— bang-bang control

— bank attitude control

— barometric pressure control

— barometric vertical-rate control

— beam-rider control

— beta control

— black-box control

— black-white control

— blade pitch control

— bleed air control

— blowing-boundary-Iayer control

— bomb release control

— bomb-bay door control

— boost control

— booster control

— boundary-layer control

— brake control

— brightness control

— burning control

— button-type control

— cabin air control

— cabin atmosphere control

— cabin conditioning control

— cabin heat control

— cabin pressure control

— cabin temperature control

— cable-operated control

— caging control

— canard control

— canopy jettison control

— carburettor heat control

— cartesian control

— cascade control

— centering control

— center-of-gravity control

— central control

— centralized control

— charging control

— chart light control

— circulation control

— climate control

— closed-cycle control

— closed-loop control

— coarse control

— cockpit flight controls

— cockpit pressure control

— collective pitch control

— combustion mixture control

— command control

— compass light control

— compressed-air control

— computer control

— constant airspeed control

— constant altitude control

— constant-datum boost control

— constant-speed control

— constant-velocity control

— continuous control

— control in transition

— control of airspace

— control of heading

— control of impulse

— conversion control

— coordinating control

— corridor control

— countdown control

— cowling gill control

— crisp control

— cross controls

— cross the controls

— crossfeed control

— crossrange control

— cross-wind control

— cruciform controls

— cruise altitude control

— cruise control

— cycle flight controls

— cyclic pitch control

— damage control

— deceleration control

— decrab control

— defog flow control

— delayed recovery controls

— delta-shaped control

— digital computer control

— digital control

— direct control

— direct lift control

— directional control

— dispatch control

— displacement control

— distance control

— distant control

— diverter valve control

— dosimetric control

— double control

— drag chute control

— drone flight controls

— dual control

— dump-door control

— duplicated control

— dynamic control

— earth-pointing attitude control

— ejection control

— electric control

— electrohydraulic control

— electromagnetic control

— electromechanical control

— electronic temperature control

— electropneumatic control

— elevating control

— elevator control

— elevon control

— emergency control

— emergency escape control

— energy-balance adaptive control

— engage control

— engine controls

— engine fuel control

— engine inlet control

— engine power control

— engine rpm control

— engine speed control

— environmental control

— erivative control

— exhaust deflection control

— exhaust nozzle control

— exoatmospheric control

— exponential control

— external control

— fail-safe control

— fail-soft control

— failure-survival control

— failure-surviving control

— fan control

— fan louver control

— feathering control

— feedback control

— feedline control

— fight the controls

— fire control

— fixed control

— fixed-path control

— flap boundary-layer control

— flap control

— flare computer control

— flareout control

— flettner control

— flexible nozzle control

— flicker control

— flight control

— flight director control

— flight path control

— flip-flop control

— floating control

— flow control

— flow scheduling control

— fluid flow control

— fluid shutoff control

— flying control

— flying servo control

— flywheel control

— foot control

— fore-and-aft control

— free control

— frequency control

— friction control

— fuel control

— fuel cutoff control

— fuel pressure control

— fuel-flow control

— fuel-metering control

— full-span control

— fully boosted control

— fully crossed controls

— fully powered control

— gain control

— gas-flow control

— gimbaling control

— glidepath control

— glideslope control

— gravitational control

— gravity control

— ground-based control

— ground rollout control

— ground vectoring control

— guidance control

— gyrorudder control

— hand control

— hands-off control

— harmonic rotor control

— heading control

— heat transfer control

— height control

— height-lock control

— high-altitude control

— high-level control

— high-speed control

— homing control

— horse the controls

— hover control

— human control

— human flight control

— hydraulic power control

— hydraulic rotor control

— hypersonic speed control

— hypervelocity control

— ice control

— identification-friend-or-foe control

— IFF control

— ignition-system controls

— incremental control

— independent control

— indirect control

— inertial control

— in-flight control

— initial control

— inlet control

— in-orbit control

— Instrumental control

— intake control

— integrated controls

— intensity control

— interceptor control

— interlocked control

— internal control

— irreversible control

— isodromic control

— jammed controls

— jetevator control

— jet-nozzle control

— jet-vane control

— joystick control

— knob control

— laminar flow control

— landing control

— landing gear control

— landing lights control

— lateral control

— lateral-directional control

— launching control

— lead control

— lead-homing control

— level control

— lift control

— linear control

— local control

— localizer control

— longitudinal control

— long-ranged control

— louver control

— low-altitude control

— low-level control

— low-power control

— low-speed control

— Mach number control

— main fuel control

— maintain control

— maneuvering control

— man-in-the-loop control

— manned control

— manned spacecraft control

— manual control

— manual flying control

— manual override control

— marginal control

— mass-expulsion attitude control

— mass-flow control

— mass-motion attitude control

— mechanical control

— midcourse control

— minimax control

— misapply controls

— missile flying control

— missile-launching controls

— missile-operation control

— mission control

— mixed weapons control

— mixture-ratio control

— mobile runway control

— model control

— modulating control

— moisture control

— moving-wing control

— negative control

— neutralized controls

— noise abatement control

— noise control

— nonatmospheric control

— non-computerized control

— nonlinear control

— nose control

— nosewheel steering control

— nozzle area control

— nozzle-spike control

— numerical control

— off-line control

— one-hand control

— one-motion ejection control

— on-line control

— on-off control

— open-cycle control

— open-ended control

— open-loop control

— operations control

— orbital control

— overheat control

— override control

— overriding control

— over-sensitive control

— overspeed control

— overtemperature control

— oxygen flow control

— partial aileron control

— partial-span controls

— passive control

— path control

— pedal control

— period control

— periodic control

— phase control

— phugoid control

— pilot control

— pilot-operated control

— pinpoint control

— pitch control

— pitch-axis control

— pitch-position control

— pitch-rate control

— pitot heater controls

— pneumatic control

— polar control

— position control

— positive control

— power control

— power outlet controls

— power-assisted control

— power-boosted control

— powered control

— powerful control

— power-operated control

— powerplant control

— precise control

— preprogramed control

— preselected control

— preset control

— pressure control

— pressurization control

— primary control

— process control

— programed control

— proinverted spin controls

— propeller pitch control

— propeller reversal control

— proportional-type control

— propulsive control

— pro-spin controls

— puff-pipe control

— pulse control

— push-pull rod control

— radar control

— radio control

— radio cooling control

— ramjet engine control

— ramp control

— range control

— range-safety control

— rate control

— rate-of-climb control

— rate-of-descent control

— rate-plus-displacement control

— RCS manual controls

— reaction control

— real-time control

— rear control

— recontact approach control

— recovery control

— reentry control

— regain the control

— release control

— removable controls

— rescue hoist control

— rescue winch control

— responsive control

— retarded control

— reticle depression control

— reticle intensity control

— reversible control

— ride the controls

— rocket control

— rocket-engine control

— rocket-motor control

— rod control

— roll control

— roll-axis control

— roll-out control

— roll-position control

— roll-rate control

— rotational control

— rotational speed control

— rotor control

— rpm control

— rudder control

— rudder steering control

— rudder trim-tab control

— run out of control

— runway control

— satellite landing control

— secondary flight control

— self-adaptive control

— selsyn control

— sensitive control

— sensitivity control

— sequence control

— servo control

— servo-flap control

— servo-loop control

— servomechanism control

— set the controls

— shift control

— shock-interference control

— side-to-side control

— single-axis control

— single-lever master control

— skewed wing-tip control

— skid control

— slap the controls

— slow-speed control

— sluggish control

— smoke control

— smooth control

— solar-pointing control

— solid-propellant engine control

— sonic burning control

— sonic combustion control

— space attitude control

— space control

— space shuttle control

— space vehicle control

— spacecraft control

— spacecraft-geometry control

— space-suit thermal control

— spatial attitude control

— speed control

— spike control

— spike-deflection control

— spin control

— spin-rate control

— spin-recovery controls

— split axis control

— spoiler control

— spotlight control

— spring-tab control

— stability augmentation control

— stagnation temperature control

— stall prevention controls

— stall recovery controls

— star-pointing attitude control

— starting control

— starting-fuel control

— static control

— stator-blade control

— steering control

— step-by-step control

— stepless control

— stepped control

— stick control

— stick-and-pedal control

— strain control

— suboptimal control

— subsonic speed control

— suit temperature control

— supercharger control

— supersonic speed control

— surge-free control

— swash-plate control

— sweep control

— synchro control

— tactical air control

— tail control

— tailless control

— tailplane control

— tail-rotor pitch control

— take over control

— take the controls

— takeoff control

— taxying control

— television control

— temperature control

— terminal control

— terminal-velocity control

— terrestrial control

— thermal comfort control

— thermal control

— thermostatic control

— three-axis control

— three-dimensional control

— throttle control

— throttle friction control

— thrust augmentation control

— thrust control

— thrust deflector control

— thrust level control

— thrust reversal control

— thrust-direction control

— thrust-vector control

— tight control

— tilt angle control

— timed control

— time-optimal control

— toe-operated control

— touchdown control

— towing control

— toxicological control

— tracking mode control

— traffic control

— trailing-edge control

— trajectory control

— translational control

— transonic speed control

— transponder set control

— trim control

— trimming-tab control

— turbine speed control

— turbojet engine control

— turbopump control

— turn control

— turn-rate control

— twin controls

— twin-wire control

— twist-and-steer control

— two-hand control

— under control

— undercarriage control

— undersensitive control

— unpowered control

— variable inlet control

— variable stator controls

— variable-datum boost control

— vector control

— vectoring control

— velocity control

— vernier control

— vernier-engine control

— vertical control

— vertical rate control

— visual control

— voltage control

— warm air control

— water injection control

— weapons fire control

— weather control

— wheel control

— windshield wiper control

— wing control

— wing sweep control

— wire control

— wireless control

— with dual controls

— yaw control

— yaw-axis control

— yaw-position control

— yaw-rate control

— zero boundary-layer control

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > control
23 Lenoir, Jean Joseph Etienne

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 1822 Mussey-la-Ville, Belgium

d. 1900 Verenna Saint-Hildar, France

[br]

Belgian (naturalized French in 1870) inventor of internal combustion engines, an electroplating process and railway telegraphy systems.

[br]

Leaving his native village for Paris at the age of 16, Lenoir became a metal enameller. Experiments with various electroplating processes provided a useful knowledge of electricity that showed in many of his later ideas. Electric ignition, although somewhat unreliable, was a feature of the Lenoir gas engine which appeared in 1860. Resembling the steam engine of the day, Lenoir engines used a non-compression cycle of operations, in which the gas-air mixture of about atmospheric pressure was being ignited at one-third of the induction stroke. The engines were double acting. About five hundred of Lenoir's engines were built, mostly in Paris by M.Hippolyte Marinoni and by Lefébvre; the Reading Ironworks in England built about one hundred. Many useful applications of the engine are recorded, but the explosive shock that occurred on ignition, together with the unreliable ignition systems, prevented large-scale acceptance of the engine in industry. However, Lenoir's effort and achievements stimulated much discussion, and N.A. Otto is reported to have carried out his first experiments on a Lenoir engine.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Académie des Sciences Prix Montyon Prize 1870. Société d'Encouragement, Silver Prize of 12,000 francs. Légion d'honneur 1881 (for his work in telegraphy).

Bibliography

8 February 1860, British patent no. 335 (the first Lenoir engine).

1861, British patent no. 107 (the Lenoir engine).

Further Reading

Dugald Clerk, 1895, The Gas and Oil Engine, 6th edn, London, pp. 13–15, 30, 118, 203.

World Who's Who in Science, 1968 (for an account of Lenoir's involvement in technology).

KAB

Biographical history of technology > Lenoir, Jean Joseph Etienne
24 steam

1) пар

2) варить на пару
3) запаривать
4) напаривать
5) напарить
6) паровыпускный
7) парогенерурющий
8) паропромывочный
9) пароструйный
10) пропаривать
11) стерилизацинный
12) струйковый
13) паровой
14) двигаться при помощи пара
15) конденсационный
– at full steam
– bleed steam
– exhaust steam
– generate steam
– heating steam
– live steam
– open steam
– power-generating steam
– process steam
– produce steam
– raise steam
– release steam
– standard steam
– steam accumulator
– steam and gas
– steam attemperator
– steam bath
– steam belt
– steam blancher
– steam blanching
– steam blanket
– steam boiler
– steam boiling
– steam box
– steam bronze
– steam calender
– steam calorimeter
– steam car
– steam catapult
– steam chamber
– steam cleaning
– steam condensation
– steam condition
– steam contamination
– steam corrosion
– steam cushion
– steam demand
– steam deodorization
– steam distillation
– steam dome
– steam drier
– steam drive
– steam drum
– steam drur
– steam engine
– steam fat rendering
– steam flashing
– steam generating
– steam generator
– steam hammer
– steam heated
– steam heating
– steam hydrogen
– steam injection
– steam jet booster
– steam jet injector
– steam line
– steam locomotive
– steam main
– steam pipe
– steam pocket
– steam port
– steam pressure
– steam printing
– steam pump
– steam quality
– steam rate
– steam regulator
– steam roller
– steam separator
– steam shearing-off
– steam shovel
– steam space
– steam sterilizer
– steam superheat
– steam the flux
– steam thermol
– steam throttling
– steam tightness
– steam traction
– steam trap
– steam tug
– steam turbine
– steam vulcanization
– steam vulcanizer
– steam washer
– steam washing
– superheated steam
– vulcanization in steam
– vulcanize in steam
– waste steam
– wet steam

back-pressure steam engine — паровая машина с противодавлением

blow with steam — продувать паром

compound steam engine — паровая машина компаунд

conventional steam superheater — <engin.> пароперегреватель огневой

cyclone steam separator — циклонный паросепаратор

gas and steam turbine installation — <engin.> установка турбинная газо-паровая

gland steam condensate — уплотнительный конденсат

heating steam extraction — отбор пара для отопления

hot-air steam vulcanization — паровоздушная вулканизация

industrial steam reheater — промпароперегреватель

main steam gate — <phys.> задвижка паровая главная

perforated steam sprayer — барботер для пара

process steam extraction — технологический отбор пара

steam consumption diagram — характеристика турбины

steam curing of concrete — пропаривание бетона

steam cylinder oil — <energ.> вапор

steam locomotive traction — паровозная тяга

steam nozzle of an injector — паровой конус инжектора

steam power plant — тепловая электростанция

steam space duty — нагрузка парового объема

steam space of boiler — паровое пространство котла

steam unit heater — паровой отопительный агрегат

Англо-русский технический словарь > steam
25 slow down

slow down vb reducir la velocidad

slow down this bend is dangerous reduce la velocidad esta curva es peligrosa

slow down

expr.

• aflojar el paso expr.

v.

• atrasar v.

• ciar v.

• emperezar v.

• frenar v.

• pausar v.

• retardar v.

• retrasar v.

1) v + adv

a) ( go more slowly) \<\<runner\>\> aflojar el paso, aminorar la marcha; \<\<vehicle/driver\>\> reducir* la velocidad; \<\<speaker\>\> hablar más despacio

b) ( be less active) (colloq) tomarse las cosas con más calma

2) v + o + adv, v + adv + o

a) \<\<process\>\> hacer* más lento, ralentizar*, enlentecer*

b) \<\<vehicle/engine\>\> reducir* la velocidad de

1. VI + ADV

1) (=go slower) [engine, vehicle, runner] reducir la marcha; [driver] reducir la velocidad or la marcha

slow down, I can't keep up with you — (to sb running) no corras tanto, no puedo seguirte; (to sb speaking) no hables tan rápido, que no te sigo

2) (=work less)

you must slow down or you'll make yourself ill — tienes que aflojar el ritmo de vida o te pondrás enfermo

2. VT + ADV

1) (=reduce speed of) [+ vehicle] reducir la velocidad de

his injury slowed him down — su lesión le restaba rapidez

2) (=cause delay to) retrasar

all these interruptions have slowed us down — todas estas interrupciones nos han retrasado

* * *

1) v + adv

a) ( go more slowly) \<\<runner\>\> aflojar el paso, aminorar la marcha; \<\<vehicle/driver\>\> reducir* la velocidad; \<\<speaker\>\> hablar más despacio

b) ( be less active) (colloq) tomarse las cosas con más calma

2) v + o + adv, v + adv + o

a) \<\<process\>\> hacer* más lento, ralentizar*, enlentecer*

b) \<\<vehicle/engine\>\> reducir* la velocidad de

English-spanish dictionary > slow down
26 single

1
single-colored
single-coloured
single-cotton-covered
single-hull
single-layer
single-paper-covered
single-phase
single-pole
single-rubber-covered

2
single acoustic source
single acting compressor
single acting servomotor
single address
single-address instruction
single-aisle aircraft
single-angle cutter
single-angular cutter
single-anode rectifier
single-anode tube
single bag
single-balanced mixer
single-bath developer
single-bay enclosure
single-beam cathode ray tube
single-beam spectrophotometer
single-beam tube
single bituminous surface treatment
single blackwall hitch
single blade shutter
single-blast circular bellows
single-bolt clamping
single-break contact
single broad
single-buoy mooring
single-camera extension
single-channel amplifier
single-channel carrier
single channel per carrier
single-channel protocol
single-coated paper
single-coil latching relay
single-conductor cable
single-conductor wire
single-cord switchboard
single-core cable
single-crop farming
single crystal
single-crystal growth
single-crystal semiconductor
single-cylinder engine
single day tide
single-decked pallet
single-decked ship
single delivery
single diamond crossing with slips
single-diffusion process
single digit dialing
single digit dialling
single-distributor line-composing machine
single-distributor machine
single drive circuit
single dry plate clutch
single earth
single effect evaporator
single-element shipping cask
single-end sizing
single-ended amplifier
single-ended crystal mixer
single-ended operation
single-ended output
single-ended spanner
single-ended tube
single escape peak
single-expansion engine
single-faced pallet
single feeder
single-fiber cable
single-fiber line
single-fibre cable
single-fibre line
single-flanged traveling wheel
single-flanged travelling wheel
single flotation
single-flue boiler
single frame
single-frame filming
single-frequency laser
single-frequency operation
single-geared lathe
single-gob feeding
single-gob process
single-grid tube
single ground
single-gun storage tube
single head system
single-heterojunction laser diode
single impression mold
single impression mould
single inlet fan
single in-line memory module
single in-line package
single jersey
single-jet injection nozzle
single-layer ceramic capacitor
single-layer film
single-leaf damper
single lens
single-lens reflex camera
single-level masking structure
single-level polysilicon process
single-level resonance
single-line diagram
single-line token
single-line working
single linear inductor motor
single lock
single-longitudinal mode
single Matthew Walker
single-mode cable
single-mode fiber
single-mode fibre
single-mode optical fiber
single-mode optical fibre
single-mode optical integrated circuit
single and multilayer glass
single-notch joint
single-output power supply
single-output switching power supply
single overlap
single-pair cable
single perforation film
single-phase bridge rectifier
single-phase current
single-phase electric current
single-phase induction motor
single-phase machine
single-phase motor
single-phase supply
single-phase transformer
single-phase winding
single pilot instrument rating
single-pitch roof
single plane iron
single-plate rudder
single-platform pallet
single-ply board
single-point bonding
single-point mooring
single-pole double-throw switch
single-pole single-throw relay
single-pole single-throw switch
single-pole switch
single portion
single portion packaging machine
single precision
single primary-type linear motor
single-processor common-control system
single pulse
single-pulse signal
single-riveted butt joint
single-riveted lap joint
single rotor
single scan key
single-screw ship
single-seated valve
single-section filter
single-segment message
single-server queue
single-sheet thickness
single-side claw
single sideband
single-sideband filter
single-sideband modulation
single-sideband modulator
single-sideband signal
single-sideband transmission
single-sided disc
single-sided disk
single-sided distribution frame
single-sided printed circuit
single-size gravel aggregate
single slot
single-slot module
single-stage amplifier
single-stage compression
single-stage compressor
single-stage pumping
single-stage turbine
single-stamp mill
single-step operation
single-stroke lever
single stud
single supply
single-supply voltage
single system
single tackle
single-thickness sheet glass
single-thickness window glass
single-threaded screw
single-throw relay
single-throw switch
single-track line
single-trip bottle
single turn encoder
single-type composing and casting machine
single-user access
single-wave rectification
single-way modulator
single-way rectifier
single-weight paper
single-wire cable conductor
single-wire system

3
single up

English-Spanish technical dictionary > single
27 printing

1. печать, печатание

printing error — ошибка печати

printing model — модель печати

printing operation — печатание

batch printing — пакетная печать

colour printing — цветная печать

2. фотографическое копирование; копирование на формную пластину

printing down — копирование

printing token — формная пластина

photographic printing — копирование

printing nip — зона печатного контакта

reflex printing — рефлексное копирование

3. печатное издание

rubber printing plate — резиновая печатная форма

test printing plate — контрольная печатная форма

web printing press — ротационная печатная машина

inside printing unit — встроенная печатная секция

platen printing press — тигельная печатная машина

4. тираж

printing run — тираж

5. полиграфия, полиграфическая промышленность

printing art — полиграфия

printing arts — полиграфия

printing product — полиграфическая продукция

printing industry — полиграфическая промышленность

printing production — полиграфическое производство

6. различные сорта печатной бумаги

printing together — печатание «со своим оборотом»

printing two-up — печатание двойников, параллельное печатание с двух одинаковых форм

printing verse — печатание на обороте, запечатывание оборотной стороны

printing white — печатание на лицевой стороне

printing of saving bonds — печатание ценных бумаг

address printing — адресование, печатание адреса

advertising printing — печатание рекламной продукции

anastatic printing — анастатическая печать

arc printing — дуговая печать, печатание с помощью электрической дуги

autochrome printing — автохромная печать

autographic printing — автография

printing ink — печатная краска

printing plate — печатная форма

printing paper — печатная бумага

printing roller — печатный валик

printing stand — печатная секция

7. печатание на оборотной стороне прозрачной плёнки

background printing — фоновая печать, печатание фона

bag printing — печатание на мешках

banknote printing — печатание денежных документов

bar code printing — печатание штрихового кода

base-relief printing — рельефная печать

belt-press printing — печатание на машине с бесконечной формой

bible printing — словарная бумага, библьдрук

bichromate printing — печатание с форм, изготовленных с использованием хромированных коллоидов

blind printing — бескрасочное тиснение

printing register — приводка в процессе печатания

printing tolerance — допуск на точность печатания

water color printing — печатание водными красками

wood cut printing — печатание с деревянного клише

note printing press — станок для печатания банкнот

8. печатание голубой краской; светокопирование

note printing works — фабрика по печатанию банкнот

color printing — печатание многокрасочной продукции

plastic film printing — печатание на гибких пленках

screen printing ink — краска для трафаретной печати

wood block printing — печатание с деревянного клише

9. изготовление синих копий, изготовление «синек»

bond printing — печатание облигаций

Braille printing — Брайлевская печать, печать для слепых

bronze printing — бронзирование, печатание бронзовой краской

calico printing — ситценабивное дело

cameo printing — рельефная печать

carbon printing — пигментная печать

indanthrene printing blue — индантрен синий для печати

printing form production — изготовление печатных форм

indigosol printing blue — индигозоль синий для печати

10. печатание на картонных заготовках; печатание на картоне

run-of-press color printing — печатание многокрасочных газет

card printing apparatus — устройство для печатания карточек

phosphor printing — нанесение люминофора методом печатания

mechanical printing method — механический способ печатания

contact printing device — устройство контактного печатания

11. производство картонных упаковок

ceramic screen printing — трафаретная печать на керамических изделиях

check printing — печатание чеков

chemical printing — литография

chromatic printing — многокрасочная печать

code printing — печатание кодовых меток, печатание кодовых знаков, кодирование, шифрование

newspaper printing — газетное производство

newspaper printing industry — газетное производство

printing ink industry — производство печатных красок

12. цветная печатная бумага

color gravure printing — многокрасочная глубокая печать

color process printing — многокрасочное печатание с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом

commercial printing — печатание коммерческой продукции

compensator printing — печатание на рулонном материале с компенсационной меткой

satellite printing press — печатная машина планетарного типа

printing control bar — шкала для контроля печатного процесса

satellite printing unit — печатная секция планетарного типа

printing roller assembly — узел прижимного печатного валика

double-width printing unit — печатная секция двойной ширины

13. контактная печать

advanced printing — улучшенное качество печати

gravure printing unit — секция глубокой печати

offset printing shop — фабрика офсетной печати

reduction printing — фото печать с уменьшением

bidirectional printing — двунаправленная печать

14. контактное копирование

contactless printing — бесконтактная печать

contact transfer electrostatic printing — электростатическое копирование с контактным переносом

container printing — печатание на контейнерах и тарных коробках

continuous form printing — печатание бесконечных формуляров

copperplate printing — глубокая печать с плоских медных форм

corporate printing — ведомственная печать

corrugated printing — печатание на гофрированном картоне

crush printing — бескрасочное тиснение

contact printing paper — бумага для контактного копирования

printing lamp — лампа для копирования, копировальная лампа

contact printing lamp — лампа для контактного копирования

magnetic printing — магнитное копирование сигналограммы

contact printing method — контактный способ копирования

15. печатание издания в нескольких вариантах с учётом интересов потребителей

cylindrical printing — печатание с помощью печатного цилиндра

3D-printing — стереоскопическая печать

data base printing — распечатка данных из памяти ЭВМ

full color printing — печатание в четыре краски

photogravure printing — печатание с гелиогравюр

plate printing — печатание вкладных иллюстраций

collective printing — печатание со сборной формы

tin printing ink — краска для печатания на жести

16. печатание по требованию одного экземпляра издания

current-assisted printing — печать в электростатическом поле

perfumed printing — печатание ароматизированными красками

linoleum printing oil — краска для печатания на линолеуме

packaging printing — печатание на упаковочных материалах

multicolor printing — печатание многокрасочной продукции

17. прямое контактное копирование

contact printing — контактное копирование

optical printing — проекционное копирование

direct thermal printing — прямая термопечать

short-run printing — малотиражное копирование

direct printing — прямое контактное копирование

18. прямая печать

vat deep printing black — кубовый глубокий черный для печати

flexographic printing ink — краска для флексографской печати

printing machinery — оборудование для художественной печати

nonimpact printing system — устройство бесконтактной печати

ionic printing device — устройство для электроионной печати

19. печатание с первичной формы

direct screen printing — прямая трафаретная печать

letterpress printing plate — форма высокой печати

planographic printing form — форма плоской печати

solid printing surface — плашка на печатной форме

form of letterpress printing — форма высокой печати

printing mount — опора для крепления печатной формы

20. печатание изобразительной продукции

miscellaneous printing — печатание акцидентной продукции

linoleum-block printing — печатание с клише на линолеуме

book printing schedule — план выпуска печатной продукции

publication printing — печатание издательской продукции

printing contrast — контраст, реализуемый при печатании

21. печатание на прозрачном материале

dot color printing — растровая многокрасочная печать

dot-in-dot printing — печатание с точной приводкой, печатание «точка в точку»

dot matrix character printing — печатание знаков, формируемых точечной матрицей

lithographic printing — печатание литографским способом

demand printing — печатание персонализированных изданий

tech doc printing — печатание технической документации

printing process — печатный процесс; процесс печатания

printing exposure — выдержка при печатании изображения

22. двукратное запечатывание

23. комбинирование деталей двух разных негативов на одном позитиве или печатной форме

dry printing — печатание без предварительного увлажнения бумаги

dry offset printing — офсетная печать без увлажнения

duotone printing — печатание двухкрасочных репродукций с одноцветного оригинала, дуплекс-автотипия

dye-transfer printing — копирование с переносом красителя

eddy current printing — печатание с помощью вихревых токов

electric printing — электростатическая печать

electro-ionic printing — электронно-ионная печать

electronic printing — получение изображений с помощью электронной техники

electrophoretic printing — электрофоретическая печать, способ электрофоретической печати

electrophotographic printing — электрофотографическая печать

electrostatic printing — электростатическая печать

electrostatic color printing — электростатическая многокрасочная печать

electrostatically assisted gravure printing — глубокая печать в электростатическом поле

electrostatographic printing — электрография, электрографическая печать

electrostatic stencil-screen printing — электротрафаретная печать

embossed printing for blind — рельефная печать для слепых, Брайлевская печать

face printing — печатание на лицевой стороне

facsimile printing — факсимильное воспроизведение, факсимильная печать

ferromagnetic printing — печатание ферромагнитными красками, магнитографская печать, магнитография

film printing — печатание на плёнках

first printing — первый завод

flat printing — листовая печать

flat-bed printing — печатание на плоскопечатных машинах, печатание с плоских форм высокой печати

flat color printing — многокрасочная безрастровая печать

flexographic printing — флексографская печать, печатание с эластичных форм

flitter printing — нанесение на бумагу декоративного пушка

form skip printing — печатание формуляров с пропусками отдельных пунктов на последовательно идущих страницах

printing tower — печатная секция

printing circuit — печатная схема

printing couple — печатная секция

printing department — печатный цех

printing engine — печатный аппарат

24. четырёхкрасочная печать

facsimile printing machine — машина для факсимильной печати

waterless offset printing — офсетная печать без увлажнения

printing device — печатающее устройство; устройство печати

magnetic printing device — устройство для магнитной печати

printing station — пункт вывода на печать; станция печати

25. печатание в четыре краски

tin printing — печатание на жести

printing method — способ печатания

printing speed — скорость печатания

back printing — печатание на обороте

paste for printing — набивная краска

26. многокрасочная печать всеми основными красками

gelatin printing — фототипия, печать с желатиновых печатных форм

ghost printing — тенение на оттиске

giftwrap printing — печатание упаковки для подарков

glass printing — стеклография

printing position — место печати

shaded printing — печать враскат

job printing — акцидентная печать

printing command — команда печати

resume printing — итоговая печать

27. нанесение клеевого слоя

flitter printing — нанесение на бумагу декоративного пушка

28. гуммирование

hammer printing — печатание с помощью молоточков

hand printing — печатание ручным способом

heat-set printing — печатание красками, закрепляющимися под действием нагрева

heat transfer printing — печатание термопереводных изображений

helios printing — гелиопечать, гелиография

heliotype printing — фототипия

high quality-high speed printing — высококачественная высокоскоростная печать

hot foil printing — горячее тиснение фольгой, тиснение фольгой с использованием нагретого штампа

imbibition printing — гидротипная печать

impactless printing — бесконтактная печать

gum printing — гуммирование

29. переводной способ копирования

printing technique — способ печатания

metal printing frame — рама для копирования на металл

30. печатание через промежуточную поверхность; офсетная печать

ink printing — печатание красками

ink jet printing — струйная печать

dot sharp printing — точная печать

gravure printing — глубокая печать

ink-jet printing — струйная печать

rainbow printing — радужная печать

cost of printing — стоимость печати

31. ведомственная печать

space before printing — оставлять интервал перед печатью

metal decorating printing — декоративная печать на жести

seamless gravure printing — бесстыковая глубокая печать

rotary screen printing — ротационная трафаретная печать

letter-quality printing — печать машинописного качества

32. внутрифирменная печать

instant printing — оперативная полиграфия

intaglio printing — глубокая печать

ionic printing — ионографическая печать

iridescent printing — радужная печать; печать враскат

irregular interval printing — копирование с переменным шагом перемещения каретки

jet printing — струйная печать

job-and-commercial printing — печатание акцидентной и коммерческой продукции

jobbing printing — печатание акцидентной продукции

label printing — печатание этикеток

laboratory scale printing — печатание в лабораторных условиях

letterpress printing — высокая печать

letterset printing — высокая офсетная печать

level impression printing — печатание с равномерным натиском, печатание с равномерным давлением

line-by-line printing — построчное печатание

indirect printing — офсетная печать

page printing — постраничная печать

printing density — плотность печати

printing dye — краситель для печати

printing format — формат для печати

33. печатание литографским способом, литография

package printing — печатание на упаковочных материалах

electron-beam printing — электронно-лучевая литография

can printing machine — машина для печатания на банках

water-based ink printing — печатание водными красками

promotional printing — печатание рекламных материалов

34. офсетная печать

magnetic ink printing — печатание магнитными красками, магнитографская печать, магнитография

printing blanket — офсетное полотно

aniline printing — анилиновая печать

liberty of printing — свобода печати

screen printing — трафаретная печать

UV printing — ультрафиолетовая печать

35. картографическая печать, картопечатание

stencil screen printing — трафаретная печать

four-color printing — четырехкрасочная печать

page-at-a-time printing — постраничная печать

scratch-off printing — металлографская печать

subsurface printing process — глубокая печать

36. производство картографической продукции

mercuriographic printing — ртутная печать

printing trade — торговля печатной продукцией

37. копирование изображения на металлическую пластину

printing area — участок изображения

printing contact zone — зона печатного контакта

metal powder printing — набивка металлическим порошком

metal printing screen — металлическая трафаретная сетка

metallic printing screen — металлическая трафаретная сетка

38. печатание на металле

metallic printing — печатание с припудриванием металлическими порошками

printing history — история печатания

start of printing — начало печатания

wallpaper printing — печатание обоев

metal printing — печатание на металле

printing quality — качество печатания

39. акцидентная печать

heliographic printing — печать с гелиогравюр

imperfect printing — печать низкого качества

gravure printing plant — фабрика глубокой печати

intaglio printing press — машина глубокой печати

letterpress printing form — форма высокой печати

40. печатание акцидентной продукции

monochrome printing

carton printing — печатание на картоне

formes printing — печатание формуляров

wallcovering printing — печатание обоев

printing impression — давление печатания

printing in italics — печатание курсивом

41. однокрасочная печать

stencil printing — трафаретная печать

printing colour — краситель для печати

printing induline — индулин для печати

printing permit — разрешение на печать

split color printing — радужная печать

42. печатание однокрасочной продукции

multicolor printing

tissue printing — печатание на тонкой бумаге

printing blue — синий краситель для печатания

wraparound printing — печатание с гибких форм

printing pressure — давление печатания, натиск

automatic printing — автоматизированное печатание

43. многокрасочная печать

bas-relief printing — рельефная печать

half-tone printing — печать в полутонах

horizontal printing — поперечная печать

tampographic printing — набивная печать

typographical printing — высокая печать

44. печатание многокрасочной продукции

multicolor electrostatic printing — многокрасочная электростатическая печать

multicolor wet printing — многокрасочная печать на предварительно увлажнённой бумаге

multigraph printing — печатание с ручного набора, закреплённого на цилиндре

printing stroke — рабочий ход при печатании

printing test — экспериментальное печатание

display printing — печатание на прозрачном материале

dry ink printing process — печатание сухими красками

oil printing — печатание красками на масляной основе

45. печатание газетно-журнальной продукции

reverse printing — реверсивное печатание

carbonless printing — печатание на бумаге

printing come-and-go — печатание двойников

printing technology — технология печатания

shadow printing — печатание знаков с тенью

46. газетно-журнальное производство

newspaper printing

47. печатание газет

card printing machine — машина для печатания карточек

48. газетное производство

newspaper letterpress printing — печатание газет способом высокой печати

noncontact electrostatic printing — бесконтактная электростатическая печать

nonimpact printing — бесконтактная печать

note printing — печатание ценных бумаг

off-register printing — печатание с несовмещением, печатание с нарушением приводки

offset printing — офсет, офсетная печать

offset deep printing — печатание с форм глубокого офсета

news printing ink — газетная печатная краска

49. распечатка информации, хранящейся в базе данных вычислительной системы по требованию

computer output printing — распечатка

log printing — регистрационная распечатка

printing information — печатная информация

50. печатание по требованию

ROP color printing — печатание многокрасочных газет по сырому

51. печатание персонализированных изданий

one-over-one printing — однокрасочная двусторонняя печать

T-shirt printing top — приспособление для печатания на майках

52. оптическая печать

double printing — комбинированная печать

in-plant printing — ведомственная печать

monotone printing — однокрасочная печать

one-side printing — односторонняя печать

six-color printing — шестицветная печать

53. проекционное копирование

ornamental printing — печатание орнаментов

noncontact printing — проекционная литография

54. печатание на упаковочных материалах

printing carrier — запечатываемый материал

55. производство упаковки

packaging printing and converting — печать и изготовление упаковок; печать и изготовление тары

56. фотография

57. фотопечать; копирование

photographic offset printing — офсетная печать с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом

58. глубокая печать

indigosol printing black — индигозоль черный для печати

aniline printing machine — машина для анилиновой печати

three-dimensional printing — стереоскопическая печать

rotogravure printing ink — краска для глубокой печати

letterpress printing process — процесс высокой печати

59. печатание с гелиогравюр

photolithooffset printing — офсетная печать с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом

banknote printing machine — машина для печатания ценных бумаг

60. печатание с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом

printing plate pressure — давление на печатную форму

lithographic printing plate — офсетная печатная форма

plastic printing plate — пластмассовая печатная форма

printing plate registration — приводка печатной формы

engraved printing plate — гравированная печатная форма

61. фотомеханический способ размножения

pictorial printing — иллюстрационная печать

pigment printing — пигментная печать

plane printing — печатание на плоскопечатной машине

planographic printing — плоская печать

62. печатание с гравированных медных пластин

positive working printing plate — позитивная формная пластина

63. печатание вкладных иллюстраций

plateless printing — печатание без использования печатной формы

postage printing — штемпелевание почтовых отправлений

pressureless printing — бесконтактная печать

process printing — многокрасочная печать с форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом

projection printing — проекционное копирование

64. печатание издательской продукции

banknote printing press — машина для печатания денежных знаков

65. заключительная стадия печатания

quick printing — оперативная полиграфия

raised printing — печатание с последующим оплавлением рельефа; рельефная печать

raster scan printing — печатание по принципу растрового сканирования

container printing machine — машина для печатания на коробках

66. рефлексное копирование

67. рефлексное печатание

relief printing — высокая печать

relief offset printing — высокая офсетная печать

currency printing press — машина для печатания денежных знаков

68. печатание с выворотных форм

flexible wraparound printing plate — гибкая печатная форма

screened printing plate — растрированная печатная форма

cyan printing plate — печатная форма для голубой краски

combination printing plate — смешанная печатная форма

blue printing plate — печатная форма для голубой краски

69. печатание с реверсивным приводом цилиндров; реверсивное печатание

printing cylinder assembly — узел съемного формного цилиндра

reversible printing cylinder — реверсивный формный цилиндр

second printing cylinder — цилиндр второй печатной секции

demountable printing cylinder — разборный формный цилиндр

reversible printing unit — реверсивная печатная секция

70. печатание на обороте, запечатывание оборотной стороны

reverse line printing — выворотное копирование штриховых изображений

rotary printing — ротационная печать, печатание на ротационных машинах

tolerance of printing pressure — допустимое давление печатания

71. печатание многокрасочных газет «по сырому»

72. цветные краски для печатания газет

satellite printing — печатание на машине планетарного типа

printing ink drying — закрепление печатных красок

screen printing chase — рама для трафаретной печати

intaglio printing paper — бумага для глубокой печати

printing ink pump — насос для подачи печатной краски

screen printing ink — краска для трафаретной печати

73. растровая печать

seal printing — штемпелевание

seamless printing — бесстыковая печать

seamless flexo printing — бесстыковая флексографская печать

four-color process printing — четырехкрасочная печать

discharge printing paste — вытравная паста для печати

magnetic-optical printing — магнитооптическая печать

form of planographic printing — форма плоской печати

die-by-die printing — помодульная печать изображений

74. второй завод, допечатка

second printing — второй прогон

printing press factory — завод печатных машин

printing mistake — опечатка, типографская ошибка

75. второй прогон

security printing — печатание ценных бумаг

selective printing — избирательное печатание, печатание с избирательным воспроизведением знаков

76. малотиражная печать

waterless printing — офсетная печать без увлажнения

three-colour process printing — трехцветная печать

rotogravure printing — ротационная глубокая печать

letterpress printing press — машина высокой печати

aniline printing press — машина анилиновой печати

77. малотиражное копирование

side-by-side printing — радужная печать, печать враскат

silk screen printing — шёлкотрафаретная печать

small job printing — печатание акцидентной продукции

small offset printing — «малый офсет», печатание малоформатной продукции офсетным способом

solid printing — печатание со сплошных форм, печатание плашек

solid color printing — печатание со сплошных форм цветными красками, печатание цветных плашек

solventless printing — печатание красками, не содержащими растворителя

spark printing — искровая печать

split color printing — радужная печать, печать враскат

spot color printing — печатание дополнительной краской

stamp printing — тиснение

steel die printing — тиснение стальным штампом

printing exposure control — управление экспозицией при копировании

78. трафаретная печать

printing screen — трафаретная сетка

spooled printing — печать с буферизацией

surface printing method — плоская печать

page-width printing — постраничная печать

split fountain printing — радужная печать

79. ротаторная печать

stereotype printing — печатание со стереотипных форм

sublimatic heat transfer printing — термодекалькомания, сублимационная печать

surface printing — печатание с передачей давления по плоскости

surface-reverse printing — двусторонняя печать

tampon printing — тампопечать

tech doc printing — печатание технической документации

test printing — пробное печатание, изготовление пробных оттисков

textile printing — печатание на текстильных материалах

thermal printing — термопечать, термографская печать, термография; печатание термокрасками

thermal-transfer printing — печатание с использованием термопереноса

thermographic printing — термопечать, термографская печать, термография, печатание термокрасками

thermoplastic printing — печатание термопластическими красками

three-color printing — трёхкрасочная печать

three-color process printing — трёхкрасочная печать с цветоделённых печатных форм, изготовленных фотомеханическим способом

three-dimensionals printing — стереоскопическая печать

three-over-one printing — печатание красочностью 3+1

unidirectional printing — однонаправленная печать

gravure printing machine — машина глубокой печати

dye printing paste — краситель для печати в пасте

decorative printing — художественная печать

recto-verso printing — двусторонняя печать

80. печатание на тканях

business forms printing press — машина для печатания формуляров

81. печатание на тонкой бумаге

tonal printing — растровая печать

autographical printing paper — автографская печатная бумага

autographic printing paper — автографская печатная бумага

flock printing — нанесение на бумагу декоративного пушка

illustration printing paper — иллюстрационная бумага

colored printing paper — цветная печатная бумага

82. декалькомания, печатание переводных изображений

transfer printing — декалькомания

83. печатание с переносом изображения

treated printing — печатание с обработанных форм

trouble-free printing — бесперебойное печатание, печатание без помех и перебоев

T-shirt printing — печатание на майках

tube printing — печатание на тюбиках или тубах

two-color printing — двухкрасочная печать

typographic printing — высокая печать

uneven gravure printing — неравномерная глубокая печать

vacuum printing — контактное копирование

vapor printing — «дымовая» печать, печатание паром

wallcovering printing — печатание обоев

water-based ink printing — печатание водными красками, печатание красками на водной основе

waterless printing — офсетная печать без увлажнения

web printing — печатание на рулонном материале, рулонная печать

web rotary printing — ротационная печать на рулонном материале

wet printing — печатание на предварительно увлажнённой бумаге

white printing — печатание на лицевой стороне

wood block printing — печатание с деревянного клише; ксилография

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > printing
28 system

1) система

2) установка; устройство

•

to get the system on-stream — вводить систему в действие

- 2D CAD system
- 2D design system
- 2-D draughting system
- 2D milling CAM system
- 3 nonsimultaneous axes control system
- 3D CAD system
- 3D design system
- 3D milling CAM system
- 3-D surface-modeling system
- 3-D system
- abrasive waterjet cutting system
- absolute control system
- absolute dimension measuring system
- accident-protection system
- accountancy system
- accounting data system
- ACO system
- acoustic feedback control system
- acquisition system
- active enclosure system
- adaptable system
- adaptive CNC system
- adaptive control constraint system
- adaptive control system
- adaptive pulsing system
- adaptive robot system
- add-on NC programming system
- administrative information data system
- administrative information system
- ADR system
- advanced command data system
- advanced data analysis system
- advanced data display system
- advanced display system
- advanced integrated data system
- advanced interactive debugging system
- advanced management information system
- advisory system
- AGV system
- air flotation system
- air-bearing system
- air-cooling system
- air-delivery system
- air-gaging system
- airlock system
- air-oil mist lubrication system
- air-plasma arc-profiling system
- air-purge system
- alarm system
- all-enveloping guard system
- analog computing system
- analog recording system
- angstrom-positioning system
- antideflection system
- antilock brake system
- antisag system
- application-specific system
- APT generating expert system
- Archimedes system
- array system
- AS/RS system
- assembly management system
- assembly system
- attitude display system
- autolube system
- automated communications and messages processing system
- automated design and optimization of control system
- automated design system
- automated digital design system
- automated industrial management system
- automated information data system
- automated information dissemination system
- automated information retrieval system
- automated inventory distribution system
- automated machining system
- automated management information system
- automated management system
- automated measuring system
- automated parts input-output system
- automated reliability and maintenance management system
- automated storage control system
- automatic alignment-and-centering system
- automatic call distribution system
- automatic CAM system
- automatic chuck-changing system
- automatic data acquisition system
- automatic data distribution system
- automatic data system
- automatic diagnostic-and-recovery system
- automatic display plotting system
- automatic distributive numerical control system
- automatic fixturing system
- automatic gaging-and-compensating system
- automatic measurement-and-compensation system
- automatic message accounting system
- automatic message distribution system
- automatic pallet storage/retrieval system
- automatic program transfer system
- automatic record evaluation system
- automatic telemetry system
- automatic test analysis system
- automatic test system
- automatic testing, evaluating and reporting system
- automatic tool cassette changer system
- automatic tool retraction system
- automatic tool retraction/correction/reentry system
- automatic tool wear/tool broken sensing system
- automatically taught system
- automation system
- autonomous system
- autopatch system
- AWS system
- axis drive system
- axis motor system
- axis-stopping system
- backlash-free friction system
- back-to-back system
- balance system
- balanced system of forces
- balanced system
- bar feed system
- bar pulling system
- bar pusher system
- barring coding system
- base coordinate system
- base data system
- base file system
- base operating information system
- basic disk operating system
- basic hole system
- basic input/output system
- basic NC system
- basic programming system
- basic shaft system
- batching system
- batch-machining system
- battery system
- BCC management information system
- beam delivery system
- belt turnover system
- belt twist system
- binary system
- binary vision system
- biped robotic system
- block-tool system
- block-type tool change system
- bonded stores system
- boring system
- bought-in control system
- brake system
- branch information system
- breakaway system
- breathing system
- broad system of ordering
- BTA deep-hole-drilling system
- BTA-style deep-hole-drilling system
- bug-free system
- building block system
- bulk system
- business information system
- buy-and-plug-in system
- C/C system
- cable and hose carrying system
- CAD access system
- CAD system
- CAD/CAM system
- CAD/CAM/CAE and product data management system
- CAD/CAM/CAE system
- CAD/CAPP/CAM system
- CADAR system
- CAD-integrating system
- CAD-only system
- CAE system
- CAE/CAD/CAM system
- CAG system
- CAM system
- cam-and-lever system
- capacitance-based measuring system
- CAPP system
- capture system
- carrierband system
- cart/pallet transfer system
- Cartesian coordinate system
- cassette jaw-change system
- cell control system
- cell management system
- cell-type system
- cellular manufacturing system
- central analog data distributing and controlling system
- central automatic message accounting system
- central storage system
- centralized control system
- centralized coolant and extractor system
- centralized swarf conveying system
- centralized swarf removal system
- chain conveyor system
- check system
- checking system
- checkout system
- chiller system
- chip conveyor system
- chip guard system
- chip-evacuation system
- chuck/chuck jaw changing system
- chucking system
- chuck-jaw system
- chuck-loading system
- CIM system
- circular monitoring system
- circular part-processing system
- circulating lubrication system
- circulating oil system
- circulation system
- clamping system
- closed cooling system
- closed loop control system
- closed loop machine control system
- closed loop size control system
- closed loop system
- closed-proprietary system
- CM system
- CNC hardware system
- CNC machine tool system
- CNC programming system
- CNC system
- CNC transfer system
- CNC-ACC system
- CNC-control system
- coherent system of units
- collecting system
- collet pad top jaw system
- combined cooling system
- combined production system
- command-line NC system
- commercial vision system
- communication system
- companion system
- comprehensive power measurement system
- computer analysis and design system
- computer automation real-time operating system
- computer data communication system
- computer NC system
- computer system
- computer vision system
- computer-aided design support system
- computer-aided dispatch system
- computer-aided gaging system
- computer-aided programming system
- computer-aided telemetry system
- computer-aided test system
- computer-assisted command system
- computer-assisted message processing system
- computer-assisted microfilm retrieval system
- computer-assisted operation sequence planning system
- computer-automated machine-tool system
- computer-automated test system
- computer-based management system
- computer-based message system
- computer-controlled materials-handling system
- computer-controlled system
- computer-coordinated measuring system
- computer-directed swing-arm tool-changing system
- computer-driven control system
- computer-hosted manufacturing system
- computer-integrated manufacturing system
- computer-integrated system
- computerized information retrieval system
- computerized machine control system
- computerized manufacturing system
- computerized numerical control system
- computerized production control system
- computerized shopfloor data collection system
- computer-oriented production management system
- computer-oriented system
- computing system
- concurrent force system
- conductor system
- conservative system
- constant delivery system
- constant volume system
- constant-contact scanning system
- constraint satisfaction system
- continuous feedback control system
- continuous flow system
- continuous-path CNC system
- continuous-path control system
- contouring control system
- contouring system
- controlled path system
- controlling system
- conventional ACC system
- conversational analysis and drafting system
- conveying system
- conveyor system
- conveyoring system
- conveyorized work-handling system
- coolant clarification system
- coolant laundering system
- coolant mist system
- coolant recirculating system
- coolant recovery system
- coolant recycling system
- coolant supply system
- coolant-circulating system
- coolant-thru-body system
- cooling system
- coordinate drive system
- coordinate system
- coprocessor board system
- copymill control system
- corporate information and office system
- coupling system
- CPS system
- CRT control system
- CRT system
- customer-oriented system
- customized FMS control system
- cut-piece transfer system
- cycloidal tooth system
- data base management system
- data communication system
- data control system
- data input management system
- data management system
- data origination system
- data processing system
- data retrieval system
- data transfer system
- datum system for geometrical tolerancing
- datum system
- DDM system
- decentralized DNC system
- decision enabling system
- decision support system
- dedicated production system
- deep-hole-drilling system
- defect-free machining system
- delivery system
- demand pull flexible system
- demand push flexible system
- departmental management system
- descaling system
- design coordinate system
- design support system
- design-automation system
- design-for-manufacturing system
- design-with-feature system
- desk-top publishing system
- deterministic system
- dexel-based system
- diagnostic communication control system
- diagnostic computer control system
- dialog system
- diamond-lapping system
- digital readout system
- digitizing system
- digitizing/data capture system
- dimensional verification system
- direct impingement starting system
- direct lubrication system
- direct NC system
- discrete-continuous system
- dispatcher system
- distributed computer system
- distributed mass-spring system
- distributed microprocessor system
- distributed processing system
- distributed quality system
- distributed system
- distributive numerical control system
- DNC flexible machining system
- DNC machine control system
- DNC machine tool control system
- DNC system
- DNC/FM system
- document processing system
- document retrieval system
- document search system
- domain-expert system
- Doppler system
- DOS CAM system
- double tube system
- dowel pin system
- DRO system
- drop-feed-lubrication system
- DTP system
- dual laser optical system
- dual laser referencing system
- dual system
- dual-beam LDDM system
- dual-pallet shuttle system
- dual-shaft electric propulsion system
- dynamic beam focusing laser system
- dynamic data system
- dynamic mapping system
- early warning system
- eddy current damper system
- edge-sensing system
- edge-type positioning system
- eight-station pallet system
- electrical contact tracing system
- electrofluidic control system
- emergency protection system
- enclosure system
- encoder checking system
- endpoint locating system
- energy-adaptive system
- energy-saving drive system
- engine starting system
- entry-level NC system
- environmental control system
- equivalent rigid link system
- equivalent systems of forces
- ESD system
- estimating system
- example-driven system
- expert control system
- expert process planning system
- expert system
- external box system
- extractor system
- fact retrieval system
- factory automation system
- fault detection system
- fault-signal system
- FBG system
- feasibility routing system
- feature-based CAM system
- feature-based system
- feed system
- feedback control system
- feedback gaging system
- feedback position control system
- feedback system
- feed-drive system
- feedforward compensatory control system
- feed-only AC system
- feed-overriding system
- FFS system
- file control system
- finite capacity scheduling system
- fixed coordinate system
- fixed-feature NC system
- fixed-rail system
- fixture design system
- fixture system
- fixturing system
- flanged pipe system
- flexible assembly system
- flexible automated manufacturing system
- flexible automation system
- flexible computer-controlled robotic system
- flexible fabricating system
- flexible fixturing system
- flexible handling system
- flexible laser optical system
- flexible laser system
- flexible lathe system
- flexible machine system
- flexible machining center system
- flexible machining system
- flexible manufacturing system
- flexible NC system
- flexible press system
- flexible tooling system
- flexible transfer system
- flexible turning system
- flood coolant system
- flow-line production system
- flow-type manufacturing system
- fluid management system
- fluid power system
- flush-type cooling system
- fly system
- FMS operating system
- FMS/CAD/CAM system
- FMS-type production system
- force measurement system
- force sensory system
- force system
- force-sensing system
- forecasting system
- four-station pallet system
- four-tier quality system
- FROG navigation system
- FROG system
- full-blown system
- fully specified system
- gage system
- gaging computer system
- gaging-and-compensating system
- gantry loading system
- gantry-based turning system
- gantry-style motion system
- gas-turbine starting system
- gating system
- gear roller system
- gear system
- gear testing system
- general information retrieval system
- generative planning system
- generic control system
- generic messaging system
- generic system
- glass fiber system
- glazing system
- goal-seeking system
- graphic numerical control system
- graphic processing system
- graphics system
- graphics-oriented system
- grating measuring system
- gravity oil system
- gray scale imaging system
- grinder vision system
- group control system
- guarding system
- guidance system
- guiding system
- handling system
- handwriting-input system
- hard-automated system
- hardware NC system
- hardware support system
- head change system
- head changer system
- head-changing flexible manufacturing system
- help system
- hierarchical coding system
- hierarchical control system
- hierarchical information control system
- high-noise-immunity system
- high-rise system
- high-speed positioning system
- high-speed-processor control system
- high-volume system
- Hirth gear-tooth system
- holding system
- holding tool system
- hole system
- holonomic system
- host computer-assisted programming system
- host distributive numerical control system
- hybrid computing system
- hydraulic oil system
- hydraulic system
- hydraulic-circuit system
- hypertext system
- ID system
- IDNC system
- illumination system
- image detection system
- image processing system
- imaging system
- IMC system
- immersion-washing system
- inconsistent system of equations
- incremental measuring system
- index system
- indirect lubrication system
- individual lubrication system
- inductive telemetry system
- inductively guided cart system
- industrial vision system
- in-feed system
- inference system
- in-floor chip-disposal system
- information infrastructure system
- information logical system
- information processing system
- information storage and retrieval system
- information system
- information-gathering system
- information-management system
- information-sharing system
- infrared imaging system
- infrared system
- in-house minicomputer system
- in-house system
- inlet control system
- in-process gaging system
- in-process sensing system
- in-process storage system
- insert-selection system
- instrumentation system
- insulating system
- integral movement monitoring system
- integrated CAD/CAPP/CAM system
- integrated CAM system
- integrated circuit numerical control system
- integrated computer system
- integrated information system
- integrated machine system
- integrated machining system
- integrated manufacturing and assembly system
- integrated manufacturing system
- integrated NC machine system
- integrated production system
- integrated sensor system
- intelligent control system
- interactive control system
- interactive graphics processing system
- interactive manufacturing control system
- interconnection system
- interdepartmental communication system
- interferometer measuring system
- interlocking system
- interrupt-driven system
- inventory-management system
- involute tooth system
- IR fault-signal system
- IR system
- ISO system of limits and tolerances
- isolated word recognition system
- jig boring measuring system
- job shop-type flexible system
- joint-actuation system
- just-in-time production system
- kanban pull system
- kinetic control system
- kitting system
- knowledge base management system
- knowledge system
- knowledge-based information system
- knowledge-based system
- krypton laser system
- labeling system
- labor-intensive system
- language-based NC system
- laser beam orientation system
- laser beam positioning system
- laser calibration system
- laser combination energy system
- laser digitizing system
- laser driving system
- laser full automated system
- laser inspection system
- laser interferometer measuring system
- laser machining system
- laser metalworking system
- laser micrometer system
- laser monitoring system
- laser mount system
- laser optical transformation system
- laser pulse power system
- laser pump system
- laser referencing system
- laser thread measurement system
- laser transducer system
- laser-cutting system
- laser-gaging system
- layered control system
- LDDM system
- lead screw drive system
- learning system
- library reference system
- library system
- light guide system
- light recognition system
- line motion control system
- line motion system
- line path system
- linear index system
- linear system of constant coefficients
- linear time invariant system
- linear time-varying system
- linear-encoder-equipped system
- LMFC system
- load/unload system
- loading robot system
- load-monitoring system
- local communications system
- logistics system
- look-up table system
- low-loss optical system
- low-volume lubricant delivery system
- lube system
- lubrication system with continuous delivery
- lubrication system with cyclic delivery
- lubrication system with performance control
- lubrication system without performance control
- lubrication system
- M system
- machine control system
- machine coordinate system
- machine health-monitoring system
- machine management system
- machine surveillance system
- machine tool capability-conditioning system
- machine tool system
- machine vision system
- machine/control system
- machine/tool/workpiece system
- machine-flexible system
- machine-zero reference system
- machining-cell system
- magnetic control system
- magnetic shaft suspension system
- main control system
- maintenance tracking system
- make-up system
- management control system
- management information system
- management system
- management-and-manufacturing system
- managerial reporting system
- man-computer system
- man-machine system
- man-plus-machine system
- manual data input system
- manual programming system
- manufacturing execution system
- manufacturing optimization system
- manufacturing software system
- manufacturing system
- many-degrees-of-freedom system
- many-variable system
- mass-elastic system
- master manufacturing control system
- master-slave control system
- material flow system
- material movement system
- material storage system
- materials-handling control system
- materials-handling system
- matrix array system
- matrix-type system
- MDI contouring control system
- MDI control system
- MDI NC system
- mean line system
- measurement/inspection system
- measuring coordinate system
- measuring system
- measuring/compensation system
- mechanical interface coordinate system
- memory NC system
- memory system
- menu drive system
- menu system
- menu-driven programming system
- metalforming production system with robots
- metalworking laser system
- metamorphic system
- metareasoning system
- metering system
- metrology system
- MIC system
- micro CAD/CAM programming system
- microadjustment system
- microchip-managed control system
- microdispensing system
- microintegrated system
- microload system
- micropackaged distributed system
- microprocessor based system
- microprocessor CNC system
- microprocessor system
- microprocessor-development system
- microstep control system
- microwave drill detection system
- milling CAM system
- milling system
- minicomputer-based numerical control system
- minicomputer-based system
- minicomputer-based test system
- miniload automated storage and retrieval system
- miniload system
- minimal constraint system
- minimum phase shift system
- mist-cooling system
- mixed forging-machining system
- mobility system
- model reference adaptive system
- moderately sized manufacturing system
- modular clamping system
- modular component tooling system
- modular fixture system
- modular holding system
- modular system
- modular tooling system
- modular work holding system
- monitoring system
- monorail material handling system
- motor position sensing system
- mounting system
- MPM system
- MRC system
- MRP system
- MS-DOS system
- multiaxis laser system
- multimachine system
- multimedia system
- multinetwork system
- multipallet system
- multiple computer system
- multiple laser technology system
- multiple pallet changer system
- multiple pallet handling system
- multiple parts feeding system
- multiple sensory system
- multiple spindle head handling-and-changing system
- multiple system of indexing
- multiple-gun spraying system
- multipoint lubrication system
- multipoint network control system
- multiprocessing system
- multiprocessor NC system
- multiprocessor system
- multiproduct manufacturing system
- multiprofile tool system
- multiprogramming system
- multirobot system
- multisensor system
- multiserver queueing system
- multistage system
- multitasking control system
- multiterminal system
- multiuser system
- multivendor information system
- multiwindowing software system
- Nagare system
- narrowly defined expert system
- national information system
- navigation system
- NC contouring system
- NC machine system
- NC part-programming system
- NC system
- NC tooling system
- NC/TP system
- nesting system
- network computer system
- network switching system
- network system
- noise diagnostic system
- noncircular copy-turning system
- noncompensated system
- noncontact laser marking system
- noncontact microwave system
- nonexpert system
- non-NC system
- numerical computer control system
- numerical contour control system
- numerical control system
- numerically controlled tool point system
- object-oriented system
- office system
- office-based programming system
- off-line adviser-type expert system
- off-line programming system
- off-line system
- off-the-shelf system
- oil mist system
- oil scavenge system
- oil system
- oil wash system
- oil-recirculating system
- oligarchical manufacturing system
- OLP system
- one man/one machine system
- one man-one operation-one job system
- one-machine flexible system
- one-piece tape spar-measuring system
- one-shot lubrication system
- on-line information system
- on-line process system
- on-line retrieval system
- on-line system
- on-line tool control system
- on-machine gaging system
- on-machine probing system
- on-off control system
- open architecture system
- open cooling system
- open system
- open-front system
- open-loop control system
- operating system
- operational system
- operator guidance system
- operator-controlled NC system
- optical detection system
- optical laser ranging system
- optical MAP system
- optical measurement/inspection system
- optical recognition system
- optical system for laser processing
- optical tracer backup system
- optical transmission system
- opti-feed system
- optimal-position control system
- order-driven system
- order-entry system
- order-picking system
- oscillating system
- oscillatory system
- out-feed system
- output collecting system
- overall system
- p.-t.-p. NC system
- package confinement system
- paging system
- pallet conveyor system
- pallet gripper system
- pallet ID system
- pallet storage system
- pallet storage/changer system
- pallet/platen transfer system
- pallet/robot flexible-machining system
- pallet-based materials handling system
- pallet-based system
- pallet-changer system
- pallet-coding system
- pallet-handling system
- palletized tool magazine system
- pallet-loading system
- pallet-moving system
- pallet-shuttle change system
- pallet-transfer system
- pallet-transport system
- paperless NC system
- parallel force system
- parallel lubrication system
- parametric CNC system
- part flow system
- part handling-and-storage system
- part program-editing system
- part queue system
- part-conveying system
- partial laser system
- part-programming system
- part-retrieval system
- passively mode-locked laser system
- path control system of a machine
- path control system
- pattern recognition system
- pattern tracing system
- pattern-directed system
- PC system
- PC-based CAD system
- PC-based vision system
- pendant-mounted CNC system
- perceptual system
- permanent electro system
- personal computer-based robotic vision system
- phase switching control system
- photogrammetric vision system
- photooptic tracing system
- photooptical tracing system
- piece rate system
- plane system of forces
- planner-oriented system
- plant-integration system
- platen system
- platform-independent CAM system
- playback system
- plugboard control system
- plugboard programming system
- point-to-point system
- popular laser system
- position control system
- positioning control system
- postprocess inspection system
- postprocess system
- postprocess-feedback gaging system
- potentiometer-setting system
- power generating system
- power system
- powered clamping system
- powered track system
- powerful robot system
- precision positioning system
- predictive machinability system
- predictive maintenance system
- pre-emptive system
- pregaging system
- preload system
- preset tooling system
- presetting system
- prismatic flexible manufacturing system
- prismatic machining system
- probe communication system
- problem-oriented information system
- process planning system
- process-flexible system
- production control system
- production expert system
- production-monitoring system
- productions system
- product-testing system
- programmable automation system
- programmable control system
- programmable logic control system
- programmable power monitoring system
- programmed sequence control system
- programming system
- proof-of-concept system
- proprietary NC system
- propulsion system
- propulsive system
- protection system
- prototype system
- prototyping system
- pull system of production
- pull system
- punch tape NC system
- purpose-made materials feeding system
- push system
- qualitative system
- quality control system
- quality system
- quantity produced systems
- question-and-answer system
- question-answering system
- queuing system
- quick-change system
- quick-change workpiece-fixturing system
- quick-change-cutter system
- rack system
- rack-picking system
- rail-borne robotic handling system
- rail-guided transport system
- random mission system
- random mix system
- random order system
- ranging system
- readout system
- ready-to-go system
- real-time vision system
- recirculation system
- rectangular coordinate system
- rectangular triordinate system
- reeving system
- reference retrieval system
- reference system
- reflecting high-power beam optical system
- register system
- registration system
- relay ladder logic system
- reporting system
- reprographic system
- resolver system
- restraint system
- RETIC system
- retrieval system
- retrofit system
- return spring system
- RGV pallet delivery system
- rigid track workpiece transport system
- rigid transfer system
- robot control system
- robot gantry storage-and-retrieval system
- robot learning system
- robot parts-handling system
- robot system
- robot teaching system
- robot tool changing system
- robot-based turning system
- robotic system
- robotic vision system
- robotics CAD system
- robotized metalforming system
- robot-like inspection system
- robot-measuring system
- rod memory system
- roller system
- roll-generating system
- rotary transfer system
- rotary-type tool-mounting system
- rotational system
- routing-flexible system
- rule-based expert system
- running fail-safe system
- running system
- run-time system
- safety actuation system
- safety system
- scale back system
- seam tracking laser processing system
- seam-tracking system
- security system
- selective assembly system
- selective control system
- self-adapting system
- self-contained starting system
- self-contained system
- self-monitoring measuring system
- self-optimizing adaptive control system
- self-programming NC system
- self-teaching system
- self-test system
- sensing system
- sensor system
- sensor-based system
- sensory control system
- sensory feedback system
- sensory interactive system
- sensory-processing system
- sentence recognition system
- sequencing control system
- sequential control system
- series lubrication system
- service system
- servo control system
- servo drive system
- servo positioning system
- servo transducer system
- servo-controlled blade-feed-pressure system
- setting system
- SFP system
- shaft system
- shared tools system
- shopfloor communication message system
- shopfloor part-programming system
- shopfloor programming system
- shopfloor-programming control system
- short-closed oil system
- shuttle car system
- shuttle system
- shuttle-type container system
- side-loading pallet system
- sign system
- signature-analysis system
- silhouetting system
- single system
- single-board computer system
- single-cell system
- single-line lubrication system
- single-point lubrication system
- single-stage system
- single-tube system
- single-unit machining system
- single-variable system
- sinking system
- six-station pallet system
- size-monitoring system
- skidless system
- skid-type system
- small knowledge system
- small scale system
- small-batch manufacturing system
- sociotechnical system
- software-based system
- software-operating system
- solid model CAD system
- solid modeling system
- solids-based system
- sonic digitizing system
- space-monitoring sensor system
- special-purpose CNC system
- special-purpose material handling system
- speech-understanding system
- spindle airblast system
- spindle-probe system
- splash lubrication system
- split-type of tooling system
- spray lubrication system
- sprocket-chain system
- stabilization system
- stabilizing system
- stacking system
- stand-alone system
- standard control system
- standard unit system
- starting system
- statistical process control system
- steady-state system
- stepping motor drive system
- stocker system
- stocking system
- stop-bolt locking system
- storage system
- storage-and-retrieval system
- storage-retrieval system
- straight cut control system
- straight-line control system
- stress calculations infinite element system
- structurally stable system
- structurally unstable system
- stub-tooth system
- subloop system
- supervision system
- supervisory computer control system
- supervisory control system
- surface-measurement system
- surveillance system
- suspension system
- swarf conveyance system
- swarf-management system
- swarf-removal system
- switching system
- synthetic vision system
- system of dimensioning
- system of forces
- system of limits and fits
- system of quantities
- system of the machine retaining devices
- system of units
- tactile sensing system
- tailored NC system
- tailor-made system
- tape-oriented system
- target system
- teach system
- teachable-logic control system
- teaching system
- teach-mode programming system
- technology-intensive system
- telecommunication system
- telemetry gage system
- telemetry system
- teleoperated system
- telepresence system
- telerobotic system
- ten-station pallet system
- term system
- test system
- testing system
- text organizing system
- thermal control system
- thermal enclosure system
- thermal propulsion system
- thread measurement system
- thread measuring system
- three-dimensional CAM system
- three-dimensional coordinate system
- three-wire thread measuring system
- through feed system
- through-the-tool system
- time control system
- time cycle system
- time-shared system
- time-sharing NC programming system
- time-sharing system
- tool animation system
- tool breakage prevention system
- tool change system
- tool condition monitoring system
- tool coolant system
- tool deflection calibration system
- tool identification tag system
- tool life control system
- tool life management system
- tool magazine exchanger system
- tool management system
- tool position-compensating system
- tool shank cleaning system
- tool storage and transport system
- tool storage/management system
- tool-associated system
- tool-clamp system
- tool-holder-work system
- tool-ID system
- tooling AGV system
- tooling system
- tool-in-hand system
- tool-in-use system
- tool-machine system
- tool-monitoring system
- tool-mounting system
- tool-presetting system
- tool-probing system
- tool-to-turret connection system
- tool-transfer system
- torque-monitoring system
- total system
- total-loss lubrication system
- touch-probe digitizer system
- touch-probe digitizing system
- touch-probe system
- towline cart system
- towline conveyor system
- towline handling system
- towline material handling system
- towline transfer system
- tracer control system
- tracing system
- track system
- tracking/scheduling system
- track-monitoring system
- transfer system
- translating system
- transmission system
- transporter system
- traverse-metering system
- tray-type transfer system
- triangulation system
- tribomechanical system
- tri-level stocker system
- triordinate system
- trolley control system
- trouble-free control system
- T-slot system
- tuned system
- turning system
- turning-and-chucking system
- turnkey computer control system
- turnkey system
- turret probing system
- turret tooling system
- two-line lubrication system
- two-machine system
- two-pallet exchange system
- two-shift system
- two-tier inspection system
- unattended machining system
- unattended production system
- uncertain system
- unified system
- unit bore system
- unit system
- unit-build system
- unit-load automated storage and retrieval system
- unit-load system
- UNIX-based 32-bit computer system
- unmonitored control system
- unstable system
- user identification system
- user's CAD system
- V coding system
- vacuum system
- variable pallet system
- variable-coefficient system
- variable-gain ACC system
- variable-mission system
- versatile data acquisition system
- vertical carousel system
- vertical rotating warehouse system
- vibration system
- vibratory system
- video measuring system
- video-based measurement system
- viewing system
- virtual design system
- virtual storage system
- vision guidance system
- vision metrology system
- vision optical system
- vision sensor system
- vision system
- vision tool-presetting system
- vision-based inspection system
- vision-based system
- visual computing system
- visual inspection system
- VME-based system
- voice data entry system
- voice system
- voice-input system
- volume-flexible system
- volume-metric lubrication system
- voluntary standards system
- warehousing system
- warning protection system
- warning system
- wash system
- waste material treatment system
- watchdog system
- waterjet system
- way-lubrication system
- wedge-locked tool clamping system
- wheelhead-measuring system
- windowing system
- wire-cut system
- wire-frame CAD system
- wire-guided transport system
- wire-guided trolley routing system
- word recognition system
- work infeed system
- work transfer system
- work transport system
- workhandling system
- work-holding system
- workpiece-cleaning system
- workstation-oriented CNC system
- zero error position system

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > system
29 EPM

1) Общая лексика: Exploration and Production Middle East (Shell), Emerson Process Management, Enterprise Project Management - Управление проектами предприятия

2) Техника: electric propulsion module, electrical power monitoring, engineering procedure memorandum, engineering project manager, engineering, planning & management, environmental project manager, equivalent per million, experiment pointing mount

3) Шутливое выражение: Evil Pecker Mark

4) Химия: СКЭП (каучук)

5) Религия: Eternal Perspective Ministries

6) Автомобильный термин: Electronic Pressure Modulator (груз. а/м), Engine Power Management, Engine Protection Module

7) Сокращение: Electronic Post Mark, Electronic Postmark, Electronic Protective Measures, Enhanced Materials Program (NASA)

8) Физиология: Equine Protozoal Myelitis

9) Электроника: Empirical Propagation Model

10) Связь: Extended Peripheral Module

11) Деловая лексика: Electronic Project Management, управление эффективностью предприятия (Enterprise Performance Management)

12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Exploration and Production Middle East and Russia

13) Ядерная физика: Economic Performance Monitoring

14) Сахалин Р: Engineering and Project Management

15) Макаров: the empirical pseudopotential method, poly (ethylene-co-propylene)

16) Расширение файла: Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager (IBM), Enterprise Process Management (IBM)

17) Нефть и газ: equivalents per million

18) Военно-политический термин: Electronic Protection Measures

19) НАСА: European Physiology Module

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > EPM
30 epm

1) Общая лексика: Exploration and Production Middle East (Shell), Emerson Process Management, Enterprise Project Management - Управление проектами предприятия

2) Техника: electric propulsion module, electrical power monitoring, engineering procedure memorandum, engineering project manager, engineering, planning & management, environmental project manager, equivalent per million, experiment pointing mount

3) Шутливое выражение: Evil Pecker Mark

4) Химия: СКЭП (каучук)

5) Религия: Eternal Perspective Ministries

6) Автомобильный термин: Electronic Pressure Modulator (груз. а/м), Engine Power Management, Engine Protection Module

7) Сокращение: Electronic Post Mark, Electronic Postmark, Electronic Protective Measures, Enhanced Materials Program (NASA)

8) Физиология: Equine Protozoal Myelitis

9) Электроника: Empirical Propagation Model

10) Связь: Extended Peripheral Module

11) Деловая лексика: Electronic Project Management, управление эффективностью предприятия (Enterprise Performance Management)

12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Exploration and Production Middle East and Russia

13) Ядерная физика: Economic Performance Monitoring

14) Сахалин Р: Engineering and Project Management

15) Макаров: the empirical pseudopotential method, poly (ethylene-co-propylene)

16) Расширение файла: Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager (IBM), Enterprise Process Management (IBM)

17) Нефть и газ: equivalents per million

18) Военно-политический термин: Electronic Protection Measures

19) НАСА: European Physiology Module

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > epm
31 labour

['leibə] 1. noun
1) (hard work: The building of the cathedral involved considerable labour over two centuries; People engaged in manual labour are often badly paid.) arbejde

2) (workmen on a job: The firm is having difficulty hiring labour.) arbejdskraft

3) ((in a pregnant woman etc) the process of childbirth: She was in labour for several hours before the baby was born.) veer

4) (used (with capital) as a name for the Socialist party in the United Kingdom.) Labour; Arbejderpartiet
2. verb
1) (to be employed to do hard and unskilled work: He spends the summer labouring on a building site.) arbejde hårdt

2) (to move or work etc slowly or with difficulty: They laboured through the deep undergrowth in the jungle; the car engine labours a bit on steep hills.) slide i det; arbejde hårdt

•

- laborious
- laboriously
- laboriousness
- labourer
- labour court
- labour dispute
- labour-saving
* * *
['leibə] 1. noun
1) (hard work: The building of the cathedral involved considerable labour over two centuries; People engaged in manual labour are often badly paid.) arbejde

2) (workmen on a job: The firm is having difficulty hiring labour.) arbejdskraft

3) ((in a pregnant woman etc) the process of childbirth: She was in labour for several hours before the baby was born.) veer

4) (used (with capital) as a name for the Socialist party in the United Kingdom.) Labour; Arbejderpartiet
2. verb
1) (to be employed to do hard and unskilled work: He spends the summer labouring on a building site.) arbejde hårdt

2) (to move or work etc slowly or with difficulty: They laboured through the deep undergrowth in the jungle; the car engine labours a bit on steep hills.) slide i det; arbejde hårdt

•

- laborious
- laboriously
- laboriousness
- labourer
- labour court
- labour dispute
- labour-saving

English-Danish dictionary > labour
32 malfunction

noun

(faulty performance or a faulty process: There's a malfunction in the main engine.) funktionsfejl

* * *

noun

(faulty performance or a faulty process: There's a malfunction in the main engine.) funktionsfejl

English-Danish dictionary > malfunction
33 smooth

I [smuːð]
aggettivo

1) (even) [stone, sea, skin, fabric] liscio; [ road] piano; [curve, line, breathing] regolare; [ sauce] omogeneo; [ movement] agevole, sciolto

the tyres are worn smooth — le gomme sono diventate lisce

the engine is very smooth — il motore gira bene

2) fig. (problem-free) [journey, flight, life] tranquillo, senza intoppi

the bill had a smooth passage through Parliament — la legge è passata senza difficoltà in Parlamento

3) (pleasant) [taste, wine] amabile, rotondo

4) (suave) spreg. [ person] mellifluo; [manners, appearance] untuoso

to be a smooth talker — essere un politicone

a smooth operator — un ammaliatore

••

the course of true love never did run smooth — = l'amore vero non è mai privo di difficoltà

to take the rough with the smooth — prendere le cose come vengono
II [smuːð]
verbo transitivo

1) (flatten out) lisciare [paper, hair, surface]; (get creases out) togliere le pieghe a, stirare [ fabric]

smooth the cream over your face — applicate la crema sul viso

2) fig. (make easier) facilitare [ process]; spianare [ path]

•

- smooth away

- smooth down

- smooth out

- smooth over

* * *
[smu:ð] 1. adjective
1) (having an even surface; not rough: Her skin is as smooth as satin.) liscio

2) (without lumps: Mix the ingredients to a smooth paste.) omogeneo

3) ((of movement) without breaks, stops or jolts: Did you have a smooth flight from New York?) tranquillo

4) (without problems or difficulties: a smooth journey; His progress towards promotion was smooth and rapid.) facile; tranquillo

5) ((too) agreeable and pleasant in manner etc: I don't trust those smooth salesmen.) sdolcinato, mellifluo
2. verb
1) ((often with down, out etc) to make (something) smooth or flat: She tried to smooth the creases out.) appianare

2) ((with into or over): to rub (a liquid substance etc) gently over (a surface): Smooth the moisturizing cream into/over your face and neck.) stendere

•

- smoothen
- smoothly
- smoothness
* * *
I [smuːð]
aggettivo

1) (even) [stone, sea, skin, fabric] liscio; [ road] piano; [curve, line, breathing] regolare; [ sauce] omogeneo; [ movement] agevole, sciolto

the tyres are worn smooth — le gomme sono diventate lisce

the engine is very smooth — il motore gira bene

2) fig. (problem-free) [journey, flight, life] tranquillo, senza intoppi

the bill had a smooth passage through Parliament — la legge è passata senza difficoltà in Parlamento

3) (pleasant) [taste, wine] amabile, rotondo

4) (suave) spreg. [ person] mellifluo; [manners, appearance] untuoso

to be a smooth talker — essere un politicone

a smooth operator — un ammaliatore

••

the course of true love never did run smooth — = l'amore vero non è mai privo di difficoltà

to take the rough with the smooth — prendere le cose come vengono
II [smuːð]
verbo transitivo

1) (flatten out) lisciare [paper, hair, surface]; (get creases out) togliere le pieghe a, stirare [ fabric]

smooth the cream over your face — applicate la crema sul viso

2) fig. (make easier) facilitare [ process]; spianare [ path]

•

- smooth away

- smooth down

- smooth out

- smooth over

English-Italian dictionary > smooth
34 three

1
three-dimensional
three-phase
three-way

2
three-address instruction
three-axis data generator
three-axis gyro unit
three-axis indicator
three-axis stabilization
three-beam color picture tube
three-beam colour picture tube
three-button mouse
three-cavity klystron
three-centered arch
three-centred arch
three-circuit nuclear power plant
three-color black
three-color map problem
three-color photography
three-color plate
three-color printing
three-color process
three-colour black
three-colour map problem
three-colour photography
three-colour plate
three-colour printing
three-colour process
three-component alloy
three-conductor cable
three-cone bit
three-cylinder engine
three-dimensional form working
three-dimensional graphic
three-dimensional image
three-dimensional integrated circuit
three-dimensional integration
three-dimensional machining
three-dimensional manifold
three-electrode tube
three-emulsion film
three-fold rotation axis
three-grid tube
three-gun color picture tube
three-gun colour picture tube
three-head battery
three-high mill
three-high rolls
three-high train
three-hole torus
three-input gate
three-input NAND gate
three-jaw chuck
three-jaw concentric gripping chuck
three-jaw steady
three-jaw steady rest
three-lens turret
three-level laser
three-level maser
three-level signal
three-lift cone pulley
three-month characteristic flow rate
three-necked flask
three-part flask
three-part two-stroke engine
three-parted box
three-phase alternator
three-phase alternomotor
three-phase balanced condition
three-phase circuit
three-phase current
three-phase current armature
three-phase earthing transformer
three-phase four-wire system
three-phase generator
three-phase grounding transformer
three-phase induction motor
three-phase machine
three-phase motor
three-phase neutral reactor
three-phase rotor
three-phase rotor winding
three-phase stator
three-phase stator winding
three-phase stepper motor
three-phase supply
three-phase supply network
three-phase synchronous motor
three-phase system
three-phase transformer
three-piece oil ring
three-piece timber set
three-pin socket
three-ply belting
three-ply wood
three-point bending
three-point landing
three-point seat belt
three-point snap gage
three-point snap gauge
three-point switch
three-pole switch
three-position switch
three-pronged chuck
three-quarter tone
three-sheave block
three-sided cutting machine
three-slot winding
three-square file
three-stage amplifier
three-stamp mill
three-state gate
three-state logic
three-state output
three-step cone pulley
three-step relay
three-stranded line
three-strip camera
three-strip negative
three-threaded screw
three-throw crank shaft
three-throw pump
three-to-em space
three-tube camera
three-way call
three-way cock
three-way conversation
three-way switch
three-way valve
three-wheel tube cutter
three-winding transformer
three-wire current
three-wire generator
three-wire mains
three-wire supply network
three-wire system
three-zeros anti-aliasing filter
three-zeros filter

English-Spanish technical dictionary > three
35 stall

I 1. noun
1) Stand, der

2) (for horse) Box, die; (for cow) Stand, der

3) (Eccl.): (seat) Stuhl, der

the choir stalls — das Chorgestühl

4) in pl. (Brit. Theatre): (seats)

[front] stalls — Parkett, das
2. transitive verb
abwürgen (ugs.) [Motor]
3. intransitive verb
[Motor:] stehen bleiben
II 1. intransitive verb
ausweichen
2. transitive verb
blockieren [Gesetz, Fortschritt]; aufhalten [Feind, Fortschritt]

* * *
I [sto:l] noun
1) (a compartment in a cowshed etc: cattle stalls.) die Box

2) (a small shop or a counter or table on which goods are displayed for sale: He bought a newspaper at the bookstall on the station; traders' stalls.) der Stand

•

- academic.ru/118574/stalls">stalls
II 1. [sto:l] verb
1) ((of a car etc or its engine) to stop suddenly through lack of power, braking too quickly etc: The car stalled when I was halfway up the hill.) absterben

2) ((of an aircraft) to lose speed while flying and so go out of control: The plane stalled just after take-off and crashed on to the runway.) abrutschen

3) (to cause (a car etc, or aircraft) to do this: Use the brake gently or you'll stall the engine.) abwürgen
2. noun
(a dangerous loss of flying speed in an aircraft, causing it to drop: The plane went into a stall.) der Sackflug
III [sto:l] verb
(to avoid making a definite decision in order to give oneself more time.) Zeit schinden

* * *

stall

[stɔ:l, AM also stɑ:l]

I. n

1. (for selling) [Verkaufs]stand m

book/market/newspaper \stall Bücher-/Markt-/Zeitungsstand m

2. (for an animal) Stall m, Verschlag m

pig \stall Schweinestall m

3. AM (for parking) [markierter] Parkplatz

4. (for racehorse) Box f

5. (in a room) Nische f

shower \stall Nasszelle f, Duschkabine f

6. (in a church) Chorstuhl m

the canon's \stall der Sitz des Domherrn

choir \stalls Chorgestühl nt

7. BRIT, AUS (in a theatre)

▪ the \stalls pl das Parkett kein pl

8. (engine)

the car's in a \stall das Auto springt nicht an

II. vi

1. (stop running) motor stehen bleiben; aircraft abrutschen

2. (come to standstill) zum Stillstand kommen

3. ( fam: delay) zaudern, zögern

to \stall for time Zeit gewinnen

III. vt

1. (cause to stop running)

to \stall a car/a motor ein Auto/einen Motor abwürgen

2. (delay)

▪ to \stall sth etw aufhalten [o verzögern]

a tax increase may \stall economic recovery eine Steuererhöhung könnte die Erholung der Wirtschaft bremsen

3. ( fam: keep waiting)

▪ to \stall sb jdn hinhalten fam

4. (put in enclosure)

to \stall an animal ein Tier einsperren

* * *
[stɔːl]
1. n

1) (in stable) Box f, Bucht f; (old, = stable) Stall m

2) (at market etc) Stand m

3) pl (Brit THEAT, FILM) Parkett nt

in the stalls — im Parkett

4) (ECCL) Kirchenstuhl m

stalls — Chorgestühl nt

5) (AVIAT) überzogener Flug

to do a stall turn (Aviat) — ein Flugzeug auffangen und neu starten

2. vt

1) horse, cow einstellen

2) (AUT) abwürgen; (AVIAT) überziehen

3) person hinhalten; decision, process, bill hinauszögern; talks verzögern

3. vi

1) (engine) absterben; (AVIAT) überziehen

2) (= delay) Zeit schinden (inf)

stop stalling! — hören Sie auf auszuweichen or drum herumzureden (inf)!

to stall over a decision — eine Entscheidung hinauszögern

to stall for time — versuchen, Zeit zu gewinnen or zu schinden (inf)

* * *

stall¹ [stɔːl]

A s

1. a) Stand m, Box f (im Stall)

b) Stall m

2. (Verkaufs)Stand m, (Markt) Bude f:

stall money Standgeld n

3. (Chor-, Kirchen) Stuhl m

4. besonders THEAT Br

a) Parkettplatz m

b) pl Parkett n

5. Hülle f, Schutz m, besonders → fingerstall

6. (Dusch- etc) Ecke f

7. (markierter) Parkplatz

8. FLUG Sackflug m

B v/t

1. Tiere

a) in Boxen unterbringen

b) in Boxen mästen

2. a) einen Wagen durch Abwürgen des Motors zum Stehen bringen umg

b) den Motor abwürgen umg

c) FLUG überziehen

C v/i

1. stecken bleiben (Wagen etc)

2. absterben (Motor)

3. FLUG abrutschen

stall² [stɔːl]

A s

1. Ausflucht f, Hinhaltemanöver n

2. US Komplize m/Komplizin f eines Taschendiebs/einer Taschendiebin

B v/i

1. a) Ausflüchte machen, sich nicht festlegen (wollen)

b) auch stall for time Zeit schinden umg

2. SPORT besonders US

a) sich nicht voll ausgeben

b) auf Zeit spielen

C v/t oft stall off

a) jemanden hinhalten,

b) etwas hinauszögern

* * *
I 1. noun
1) Stand, der

2) (for horse) Box, die; (for cow) Stand, der

3) (Eccl.): (seat) Stuhl, der

the choir stalls — das Chorgestühl

4) in pl. (Brit. Theatre): (seats)

[front] stalls — Parkett, das
2. transitive verb
abwürgen (ugs.) [Motor]
3. intransitive verb
[Motor:] stehen bleiben
II 1. intransitive verb
ausweichen
2. transitive verb
blockieren [Gesetz, Fortschritt]; aufhalten [Feind, Fortschritt]

* * *

(aeronautics) n.

Steilflug m. n.

Bude -n f.

Stand ¨-e m.

Verkaufsstand m.

English-german dictionary > stall
36 Macintosh, Charles

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Textiles

[br]

b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotland

d. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland

[br]

Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.

[br]

As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.

There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.

In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.

New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1823.

Further Reading

G.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).

T.Hancock, 1957, Narrative of the Indiarubber Manufacture, London.

H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).

RLH / LRD

Biographical history of technology > Macintosh, Charles
37 training

"The process of teaching the speech recognition engine to recognize your voice and manner of speaking. The speech engine looks for patterns in the way you speak, enabling it to provide better accuracy when you dictate text. You train the engine by reading text in the training wizard, and continue to train the engine as you dictate text while working."

تدريب

English-Arabic terms dictionary > training
38 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
39 develop

di'veləp
past tense, past participle - developed; verb

1) (to (cause to) grow bigger or to a more advanced state: The plan developed slowly in his mind; It has developed into a very large city.) desarrollar(se)

2) (to acquire gradually: He developed the habit of getting up early.) contraer, adquirir

3) (to become active, visible etc: Spots developed on her face.) aparecer

4) (to use chemicals to make (a photograph) visible: My brother develops all his own films.) revelar

•

- development

develop vb

1. desarrollar

we hope to develop the tourist industry esperamos desarrollar la industria turística

2. revelar

to develop a film revelar un carrete de fotos

3. convertirse

tadpoles develop into frogs los renacuajos se convierten en ranas

4. surgir / salir

the cock develops a crest al gallo le sale una cresta

she has developed cancer ha contraído un cáncer

develop

tr[dɪ'veləp]

transitive verb

1 (cultivate, cause to grow - gen) desarrollar; (foster - trade, arts) fomentar, promover; (expand - business, industry) ampliar; (build up, improve - skill, ability, talent) perfeccionar

2 (elaborate, expand - idea, argument, story) desarrollar; (- theory, plan) desarrollar, elaborar

3 (start - roots) echar; (devise, invent - policy, method, strategy) idear, desarrollar; (- drug, product, technology) crear

4 (acquire - habit, quality, feature) contraer, adquirir; (- talent, interest) mostrar; (- tendency) revelar, manifestar; (get - illness, disease) contraer; (- immunity, resistance) desarrollar

■ he's developed a sudden interest in tennis muestra un repentino interés por el tenis

■ the machine has developed a fault ha surgido un problema con la máquina

5 (exploit - resources) explotar; (- site, land) urbanizar

6 (film, photograph) revelar

intransitive verb

1 (grow - person, body, nation, region, etc) desarrollarse; (- system) perfeccionarse; (feeling, interest) aumentar, crecer

2 (evolve - emotion) convertirse ( into, en), transformarse ( into, en), evolucionar; (plot, novel) desarrollarse

3 (appear - problem, complication, symptom) aparecer, surgir; (situation, crisis) producirse

4 (of film, photograph) salir

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to develop a taste for something cogerle gusto a algo

■ she developed a taste for cocktails le cogió el gusto a los cócteles

develop [di'vɛləp] vt

1) form, make: desarrollar, elaborar, formar

2) : revelar (en fotografía)

3) foster: desarrollar, fomentar

4) exploit: explotar (recursos), urbanizar (un área)

5) acquire: adquirir

to develop an interest: adquirir un interés

6) contract: contraer (una enfermedad)

develop vi

1) grow: desarrollarse

2) arise: aparecer, surgir

develop (film)

v.

• revelar (una película) v.

v.

• desarrollar v.

• desenvolver v.

• explotar v.

• progresar v.

• urbanizar v.

dɪ'veləp
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) (elaborate, devise) \<\<theory/plan\>\> desarrollar, elaborar; \<\<idea\>\> desarrollar; \<\<method\>\> idear, desarrollar; \<\<plot/story/character\>\> desarrollar

b) ( improve) \<\<skill/ability/quality\>\> desarrollar

c) ( exploit) \<\<land/area\>\> urbanizar*

d) ( expand) \<\<business/range\>\> ampliar*

e) ( create) \<\<drug/engine\>\> crear

2) ( acquire) \<\<immunity/resistance\>\> desarrollar; \<\<disease\>\> contraer* (frml)

the machine developed a fault — la máquina empezó a funcionar mal

I've developed a taste for... — le he tomado (el) gusto a...

3) ( Phot) revelar

2.

vi

1)

a) ( grow) \<\<person/industry\>\> desarrollarse; \<\<interest\>\> crecer*, aumentar

b) ( evolve)

to develop INTO something — convertirse* or transformarse en algo

c) ( Econ) \<\<nation/region\>\> desarrollarse, progresar

d) ( unfold) \<\<plot/novel\>\> desarrollarse

2) ( appear) \<\<problem/complication\>\> surgir*, aparecer*; \<\<crisis\>\> producirse*

[dɪ'velǝp]
1. VT

1) (=make bigger, stronger etc) [+ mind, body] desarrollar; (fig) [+ argument, idea] desarrollar

I developed his original idea — yo desarrollé su idea original

2) (=generate) [+ plan] elaborar; [+ process] perfeccionar

3) (=acquire) [+ interest, taste, habit] adquirir; [+ disease] contraer; [+ tendency] coger, desarrollar; [+ engine trouble] empezar a tener

she developed a liking for whisky — le cogió el gusto al whisky

4) (=build on) [+ region] desarrollar, fomentar; [+ land] urbanizar; [+ site] ampliar

this land is to be developed — se va a construir en or urbanizar este terreno

5) (=exploit) [+ resources, mine etc] explotar

6) (Phot) revelar

to get a film developed — revelar un carrete

2. VI

1) (=change, mature) desarrollarse

girls develop faster than boys — las chicas se desarrollan más rápido que los chicos

to develop into — convertirse or transformarse en

the argument developed into a fight — la discusión se convirtió en una pelea

2) (=progress) [country] desarrollarse

how is the book developing? — ¿qué tal va el libro?

3) (=come into being) aparecer; [symptoms] aparecer, mostrarse

a crack was developing in the wall — se estaba abriendo una grieta en la pared

4) (=come about) [idea, plan, problem] surgir

it later developed that... — más tarde quedó claro que...

* * *
[dɪ'veləp]
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) (elaborate, devise) \<\<theory/plan\>\> desarrollar, elaborar; \<\<idea\>\> desarrollar; \<\<method\>\> idear, desarrollar; \<\<plot/story/character\>\> desarrollar

b) ( improve) \<\<skill/ability/quality\>\> desarrollar

c) ( exploit) \<\<land/area\>\> urbanizar*

d) ( expand) \<\<business/range\>\> ampliar*

e) ( create) \<\<drug/engine\>\> crear

2) ( acquire) \<\<immunity/resistance\>\> desarrollar; \<\<disease\>\> contraer* (frml)

the machine developed a fault — la máquina empezó a funcionar mal

I've developed a taste for... — le he tomado (el) gusto a...

3) ( Phot) revelar

2.

vi

1)

a) ( grow) \<\<person/industry\>\> desarrollarse; \<\<interest\>\> crecer*, aumentar

b) ( evolve)

to develop INTO something — convertirse* or transformarse en algo

c) ( Econ) \<\<nation/region\>\> desarrollarse, progresar

d) ( unfold) \<\<plot/novel\>\> desarrollarse

2) ( appear) \<\<problem/complication\>\> surgir*, aparecer*; \<\<crisis\>\> producirse*

English-spanish dictionary > develop
40 rev

Rev(d)

abbr. Reverend reverendo (Rev.)

* * *
[rev]
past tense, past participle revved - (often rev up) verb

(to increase the speed of revolution of (a car engine etc): He revved the engine (up); He was revving up in the yard.) accelerare

- revs

* * *

See:

Reverend

* * *
rev /rɛv/
n. (mecc.: abbr. fam. di revolution)

giro ( del motore): The engine is on high [low] revs, il motore è su [giù] di giri

● rev counter, contagiri.
(to) rev /rɛv/ (fam., spesso to rev up)
A v. t.

1 (mecc.) mandare su di giri ( il motore)

2 (fig.) accelerare, aumentare ( la produzione, ecc.): to rev up a process, accelerare un processo

3 ( USA) infiammare; entusiasmare

B v. i.

1 (mecc.: del motore) andare su di giri

2 (fig.) entusiasmarsi; andare su di giri

3 (fig.) accelerare; intensificarsi: Competition among rival universities is revving up, la concorrenza fra università rivali si sta intensificando.

* * *

Rev(d)

abbr. Reverend reverendo (Rev.)

English-Italian dictionary > rev

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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engine+process

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

engine+process

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