-
1 v.nuclear emulsion
• nuclear plate -
2 эмульсионный фотошаблон
1) Engineering: emulsion mask, photoemulsion, photoemulsion mask2) Electronics: emulsion photomask, emulsion plateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > эмульсионный фотошаблон
-
3 Lippman, Gabriel
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 16 August 1845 Hallerick, Luxembourgd. 14 July 1921 at sea, in the North Atlantic[br]French physicist who developed interference colour photography.[br]Born of French parents, Lippman's work began with a distinguished career in classics, philosophy, mathematics and physics at the Ecole Normale in Luxembourg. After further studies in physics at Heidelberg University, he returned to France and the Sorbonne, where he was in 1886 appointed Director of Physics. He was a leading pioneer in France of research into electricity, optics, heat and other branches of physics.In 1886 he conceived the idea of recording the existence of standing waves in light when it is reflected back on itself, by photographing the colours so produced. This required the production of a photographic emulsion that was effectively grainless: the individual silver halide crystals had to be smaller than the shortest wavelength of light to be recorded. Lippman succeeded in this and in 1891 demonstrated his process. A glass plate was coated with a grainless emulsion and held in a special plate-holder, glass towards the lens. The back of the holder was filled with mercury, which provided a perfect reflector when in contact with the emulsion. The standing waves produced during the exposure formed laminae in the emulsion, with the number of laminae being determined by the wavelength of the incoming light at each point on the image. When the processed plate was viewed under the correct lighting conditions, a theoretically exact reproduction of the colours of the original subject could be seen. However, the Lippman process remained a beautiful scientific demonstration only, since the ultra-fine-grain emulsion was very slow, requiring exposure times of over 10,000 times that of conventional negative material. Any method of increasing the speed of the emulsion also increased the grain size and destroyed the conditions required for the process to work.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Photographic Society Progress Medal 1897. Nobel Prize (for his work in interference colour photography) 1908.Further ReadingJ.S.Friedman, 1944, History of Colour Photography, Boston.Brian Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London. Gert Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.BC -
4 dar el efecto de
(v.) = give + the effect ofEx. The light which penetrated the interstices of the screen made dots on the emulsion (and later on the etched plate) which varied in size according to its intensity, so that when the block was printed the dots merged in the eye of the beholder to give the effect of tone.* * *(v.) = give + the effect ofEx: The light which penetrated the interstices of the screen made dots on the emulsion (and later on the etched plate) which varied in size according to its intensity, so that when the block was printed the dots merged in the eye of the beholder to give the effect of tone.
-
5 dar la sensación de
(v.) = give + the effect ofEx. The light which penetrated the interstices of the screen made dots on the emulsion (and later on the etched plate) which varied in size according to its intensity, so that when the block was printed the dots merged in the eye of the beholder to give the effect of tone.* * *(v.) = give + the effect ofEx: The light which penetrated the interstices of the screen made dots on the emulsion (and later on the etched plate) which varied in size according to its intensity, so that when the block was printed the dots merged in the eye of the beholder to give the effect of tone.
-
6 intersticio
m.1 crack, gap.2 interstice.3 interstitium.* * *1 interstice* * *SM (=espacio) interstice frm; (=grieta) crack; (=intervalo) interval, gap* * *masculino (frml) gap, interstice (frml)* * *= interstice.Ex. The light which penetrated the interstices of the screen made dots on the emulsion (and later on the etched plate) which varied in size according to its intensity, so that when the block was printed the dots merged in the eye of the beholder to give the effect of tone.* * *masculino (frml) gap, interstice (frml)* * *= interstice.Ex: The light which penetrated the interstices of the screen made dots on the emulsion (and later on the etched plate) which varied in size according to its intensity, so that when the block was printed the dots merged in the eye of the beholder to give the effect of tone.
* * *( frml)gap, interstice ( frml)* * *
intersticio sustantivo masculino gap, space
* * *intersticio nmFormal crack, gap* * *m gap* * *intersticio nm: interstice♦ intersticial adj -
7 persona que contempla o mira algo
(n.) = beholderEx. The light which penetrated the interstices of the screen made dots on the emulsion (and later on the etched plate) which varied in size according to its intensity, so that when the block was printed the dots merged in the eye of the beholder to give the effect of tone.* * *(n.) = beholderEx: The light which penetrated the interstices of the screen made dots on the emulsion (and later on the etched plate) which varied in size according to its intensity, so that when the block was printed the dots merged in the eye of the beholder to give the effect of tone.
Spanish-English dictionary > persona que contempla o mira algo
-
8 подложка
back strapback strapsback stripback stripsbacking blockbacking blocksbacking strapbacking strapsел.beddingbolsterbolster platebolster platesbottom platebottom platescushioncushioningdutchmanemulsion carrieremulsion carrierslayerliningpacking-up piecepacking-up piecespacking piecepacking piecespadpedestalpillow blockpillow blockssaddleshimwafer -
9 фотопластинка
фотопластинка
фотопленка
фотографический слой
Приемник излучения, реакция которого проявляется в фотохимическом разложении галоидного серебра или другого чувствительного вещества, нанесенного на поверхность пластинки или пленки.
[Сборник рекомендуемых терминов. Выпуск 79. Физическая оптика. Академия наук СССР. Комитет научно-технической терминологии. 1970 г.]Тематики
Обобщающие термины
Синонимы
EN
DE
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > фотопластинка
-
10 Eastman, George
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 12 July 1854 Waterville, New York, USAd. 14 March 1932 Rochester, New York, USA[br]American industrialist and pioneer of popular photography.[br]The young Eastman was a clerk-bookkeeper in the Rochester Savings Bank when in 1877 he took up photography. Taking lessons in the wet-plate process, he became an enthusiastic amateur photographer. However, the cumbersome equipment and noxious chemicals used in the process proved an obstacle, as he said, "It seemed to be that one ought to be able to carry less than a pack-horse load." Then he came across an account of the new gelatine dry-plate process in the British Journal of Photography of March 1878. He experimented in coating glass plates with the new emulsions, and was soon so successful that he decided to go into commercial manufacture. He devised a machine to simplify the coating of the plates, and travelled to England in July 1879 to patent it. In April 1880 he prepared to begin manufacture in a rented building in Rochester, and contacted the leading American photographic supply house, E. \& H.T.Anthony, offering them an option as agents. A local whip manufacturer, Henry A.Strong, invested $1,000 in the enterprise and the Eastman Dry Plate Company was formed on 1 January 1881. Still working at the Savings Bank, he ran the business in his spare time, and demand grew for the quality product he was producing. The fledgling company survived a near disaster in 1882 when the quality of the emulsions dropped alarmingly. Eastman later discovered this was due to impurities in the gelatine used, and this led him to test all raw materials rigorously for quality. In 1884 the company became a corporation, the Eastman Dry Plate \& Film Company, and a new product was announced. Mindful of his desire to simplify photography, Eastman, with a camera maker, William H.Walker, designed a roll-holder in which the heavy glass plates were replaced by a roll of emulsion-coated paper. The holders were made in sizes suitable for most plate cameras. Eastman designed and patented a coating machine for the large-scale production of the paper film, bringing costs down dramatically, the roll-holders were acclaimed by photographers worldwide, and prizes and medals were awarded, but Eastman was still not satisfied. The next step was to incorporate the roll-holder in a smaller, hand-held camera. His first successful design was launched in June 1888: the Kodak camera. A small box camera, it held enough paper film for 100 circular exposures, and was bought ready-loaded. After the film had been exposed, the camera was returned to Eastman's factory, where the film was removed, processed and printed, and the camera reloaded. This developing and printing service was the most revolutionary part of his invention, since at that time photographers were expected to process their own photographs, which required access to a darkroom and appropriate chemicals. The Kodak camera put photography into the hands of the countless thousands who wanted photographs without complications. Eastman's marketing slogan neatly summed up the advantage: "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest." The Kodak camera was the last product in the design of which Eastman was personally involved. His company was growing rapidly, and he recruited the most talented scientists and technicians available. New products emerged regularly—notably the first commercially produced celluloid roll film for the Kodak cameras in July 1889; this material made possible the introduction of cinematography a few years later. Eastman's philosophy of simplifying photography and reducing its costs continued to influence products: for example, the introduction of the one dollar, or five shilling, Brownie camera in 1900, which put photography in the hands of almost everyone. Over the years the Eastman Kodak Company, as it now was, grew into a giant multinational corporation with manufacturing and marketing organizations throughout the world. Eastman continued to guide the company; he pursued an enlightened policy of employee welfare and profit sharing decades before this was common in industry. He made massive donations to many concerns, notably the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and supported schemes for the education of black people, dental welfare, calendar reform, music and many other causes, he withdrew from the day-to-day control of the company in 1925, and at last had time for recreation. On 14 March 1932, suffering from a painful terminal cancer and after tidying up his affairs, he shot himself through the heart, leaving a note: "To my friends: My work is done. Why wait?" Although Eastman's technical innovations were made mostly at the beginning of his career, the organization which he founded and guided in its formative years was responsible for many of the major advances in photography over the years.[br]Further ReadingC.Ackerman, 1929, George Eastman, Cambridge, Mass.B.Coe, 1973, George Eastman and the Early Photographers, London.BC -
11 подложка
1) General subject: base, mount, underground, writing surface ( in document examination)2) Biology: scaffolding3) Medicine: substrate (в культуре клеток)4) Engineering: back, backing, base coat, base material, base plate, basecoat, body, bottom layer, emulsion carrier, hypophase, sublayer, substrate, substrate layer, undercoat, underlying surface5) Chemistry: carrying base6) Construction: base sheet, backerboard7) Mathematics: substructure8) British English: underfelt (soft material that you put between a carpet and the floor)9) Mining: bed10) Cinema: base stock11) Gastronomy: tray (упаковка для продуктов в магазинах)12) Forestry: core13) Metallurgy: support plate, supporting plate14) Polygraphy: backing sheet, blue base, substrate (светочувствительного материала), substratum (светочувствительного материала), support sheet, release liner15) Electronics: air-cleaved substrate, header, support16) Information technology: baseplate18) Immunology: packing21) Biotechnology: scaffold (см. scaffolding material)22) Silicates: base plate (для нанесения покрытий), substratum23) Welding: back support24) Household appliances: faceplate25) Microelectronics: base member, built-in-test26) Polymers: adherend, carrier, supporting structure, underlayer27) Automation: (материал-) backing material, bedding, carrier (напр. резистора), host material, matrix (напр. резистора), substrate material, support (плёнки), support material28) Plastics: base coat (наносимая при вакуумной металлизации), bottom29) Makarov: base surface, bearing surface, body paper, bulk (ИС), carrier (напр. резистора, катализатора), carrier (напр., резистора, катализатора), carrier material, ground, mat (для наклейки иллюстраций или карт), mounting, padding (клеёнки, линолеума), support structure, support structure (катализатора), supporting structure (катализатора), underlay30) Electrochemistry: basis metal31) Electrical engineering: substrate (микросхемы)32) Footwear industry: midsole, middle sole -
12 Hurter, Ferdinand
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 15 March 1844 Schaffhausen, Switzerlandd. 5 March 1898[br]Swiss chemist who, with Vero Charles Driffield, established the basis of modern sensitometry in England.[br]Ferdinand Hurter worked for three years as a dyer's apprentice before entering the Polytechnic in Zurich; he transferred to Heidelberg, where he graduated in 1866. A year later he secured an appointment as a chemist for the British alkali manufacturing company, Gaskell, Deacon \& Co. of Widnes, Cheshire. In 1871 he was joined at the company by the young engineer Vero Charles Driffield, who was to become his co-worker. Driffield had worked for a professional photographer before beginning his engineering apprenticeship and it was in 1876, when Hurter sought to draw on this experience, that the partnership began. At this time the speed of the new gelatine halide dry plates was expressed in terms of the speed of a wet-collodion plate, an almost worthless concept as the speed of a collodion plate was itself variable. Hurter and Driffield sought to place the study of photographic emulsions on a more scientific basis. They constructed an actinometer to measure the intensity of sunlight and in 1890 published the first of a series of papers on the sensitivity of photographic plates. They suggested methods of exposing a plate to lights of known intensities and measuring the densities obtained on development. They were able to plot curves based on density and exposure which became known as the H \& D curve. Hurter and Driffield's work allowed them to express the characteristics of an emulsion with a nomenclature which was soon adopted by British plate manufacturers. From the 1890s onwards most British-made plates were identified with H \& D ratings. Hurter and Driffield's partnership was ended by the former's death in 1898.[br]Further ReadingW.B.Ferguson (ed.), 1920, The Photographic Researches of Ferdinand Hurter \& Vero C. Driffield, London: Royal Photographic Society reprinted in facsimile, with a new introd. by W.Clark, 1974, New York (a memorial volume; the most complete account of Hurter and Driffield's work, includes a reprint of all their published papers).JW -
13 Lumière, Auguste
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 19 October 1862 Besançon, Franced. 10 April 1954 Lyon, France[br]French scientist and inventor.[br]Auguste and his brother Louis Lumière (b. 5 October 1864 Besançon, France; d. 6 June 1948 Bandol, France) developed the photographic plate-making business founded by their father, Charles Antoine Lumière, at Lyons, extending production to roll-film manufacture in 1887. In the summer of 1894 their father brought to the factory a piece of Edison kinetoscope film, and said that they should produce films for the French owners of the new moving-picture machine. To do this, of course, a camera was needed; Louis was chiefly responsible for the design, which used an intermittent claw for driving the film, inspired by a sewing-machine mechanism. The machine was patented on 13 February 1895, and it was shown on 22 March 1895 at the Société d'Encouragement pour l'In-dustrie Nationale in Paris, with a projected film showing workers leaving the Lyons factory. Further demonstrations followed at the Sorbonne, and in Lyons during the Congrès des Sociétés de Photographie in June 1895. The Lumières filmed the delegates returning from an excursion, and showed the film to the Congrès the next day. To bring the Cinématographe, as it was called, to the public, the basement of the Grand Café in the Boulevard des Capuchines in Paris was rented, and on Saturday 28 December 1895 the first regular presentations of projected pictures to a paying public took place. The half-hour shows were an immediate success, and in a few months Lumière Cinématographes were seen throughout the world.The other principal area of achievement by the Lumière brothers was colour photography. They took up Lippman's method of interference colour photography, developing special grainless emulsions, and early in 1893 demonstrated their results by lighting them with an arc lamp and projecting them on to a screen. In 1895 they patented a method of subtractive colour photography involving printing the colour separations on bichromated gelatine glue sheets, which were then dyed and assembled in register, on paper for prints or bound between glass for transparencies. Their most successful colour process was based upon the colour-mosaic principle. In 1904 they described a process in which microscopic grains of potato starch, dyed red, green and blue, were scattered on a freshly varnished glass plate. When dried the mosaic was coated with varnish and then with a panchromatic emulsion. The plate was exposed with the mosaic towards the lens, and after reversal processing a colour transparency was produced. The process was launched commercially in 1907 under the name Autochrome; it was the first fully practical single-plate colour process to reach the public, remaining on the market until the 1930s, when it was followed by a film version using the same principle.Auguste and Louis received the Progress Medal of the Royal Photographic Society in 1909 for their work in colour photography. Auguste was also much involved in biological science and, having founded the Clinique Auguste Lumière, spent many of his later years working in the physiological laboratory.[br]Further ReadingGuy Borgé, 1980, Prestige de la photographie, Nos. 8, 9 and 10, Paris. Brian Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London ——1981, The History of Movie Photography, London.Jacques Deslandes, 1966, Histoire comparée du cinéma, Vol. I, Paris. Gert Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.BC -
14 основа
base flangebase flangesbase platebase platesbasementbedbeddingemulsion carrieremulsion carriersflankfoundationhost crystalhost crystalsinfrastructurelinerlyepattenrootsolestaminasubstructureunderplate -
15 прижимать к
•The water pressure behind the rings keeps them close against the pump barrel walls.
•Loosen the link which retains the terminal plate against the door.
•The air cushion is capable of exerting forces up to 160 tons for holding down the strip during piercing the blanking.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > прижимать к
-
16 подложка
back, carrier, backing, base, body, base coat, hypophase, bottom layer, substrate layer, (клеенки, линолеума) padding, base plate, support электрон., base stock кфт., substrate, underlying surface, undercoat, wafer* * *подло́жка ж.
back(ing), baseподло́жка гальваностереоти́па полигр. — back-up plateподло́жка интегра́льной схе́мы — integrated-circuit [lC] substrateподло́жка катализа́тора — catalyst carrierподло́жка ко́жи — bedли́пкая подло́жка полигр. — adhesive backingподло́жка печа́тной схе́мы — printed-circuit [P.C.] substrateподло́жка фотоматериа́ла — support, base (см. тж. основа)* * * -
17 основа
1) General subject: b, background, base, basis, bottom, cement (союза), essential, fond, foundation, foundation stone, frame, framework, fundamental, grass roots, grass-roots, groundwork, hardpan (чего-л.), hub, juice, keystone, marrow, principium, principium (действия, устройства), principle, radical (основ), skeleton, soul, source, spine, staff, staple (чего-л.), stem, substruction, the nuts and bolts, the pith and marrow, theme, underpinning, warp (ткани), warp and woof, backbone, frame work, footing, centrepiece2) Aviation: starting point4) Engineering: back, backing, base material, base stock, emulsion carrier, haircloth (хлопчатобумажной, полотняной п шерстяной ткани), origin, substrate, substratum, support5) Chemistry: base (несущий слой), basics, body, backsize7) Anatomy: stroma8) Mathematics: fundamentals, parent, principles, stem (of a word)9) Economy: pivot10) Accounting: foundation (экономики)11) Pharmacology: vehicle13) Diplomatic term: formula14) Painting: support (материал, на который наносится картина; полотно, дерево и т.п.)16) Polygraphy: carcass17) Psychology: hypothesis18) Abbreviation: gd20) Electronics: host material21) Information technology: base (носителя записи), element, handle, heart, (пластины жестого диска) substrate material (пластина диска состоит из основы (substrate material) и магнитного покрытия (magnetic media coating), на которое записываются магнитные импульсы)22) Oil: backing (несущий слой), base (сплава, бурового раствора), base (бурового раствора, нефти), base (бурового раствора, нефти)23) Astronautics: ground24) Banking: vast bulk (vast bulk of the industry’s assets)25) Silicates: base surface27) Drilling: matrice material28) Polymers: body (лакокрасочного материала)29) Automation: (принципиальная) backbone, basic, framework (напр. логической схемы)30) Quality control: principle (устройства)32) Makarov: abb (ткани), base (опора, каркас, остов), base (подложка), base material (соединения), base paper (бумага-основа), basis (в абстрактном или переносном значениях), beam thread (ткани), bed-rock (рассуждения и т.п.), carrier, core (ткани), ends (ткани), fountain, framework (логической схемы), haircloth (хлопчатобумажной, полотняной и шерстяной ткани), host material (соединения), immovable foundation, life, mother, padding (клеёнки, линолеума), principle (действия, устройства), sinew, staff and staple, substrate (подложка), support (печатной платы), underlay, vehicle (краски, лака)33) Electrochemistry: parent plate -
18 в пересчете на зерно
1. grain basis2. grain equivalentРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > в пересчете на зерно
-
19 кормовое зерно
1. coarse grains2. feed grain -
20 панхроматический
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > панхроматический
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
plate — I. noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo French, from plate, feminine of plat flat, from Vulgar Latin *plattus, probably from Greek platys broad, flat more at place Date: 14th century 1. a. a smooth flat thin piece of material b. (1) forged … New Collegiate Dictionary
plate — plate1 plateless, adj. platelike, adj. /playt/, n., v., plated, plating. n. 1. a shallow, usually circular dish, often of earthenware or porcelain, from which food is eaten. 2. the contents of such a dish; plateful. 3. an entire course of a meal… … Universalium
plate — Synonyms and related words: Chateaubriand, alveolar ridge, anodized aluminum, antepast, armor, backing, bibliofilm, billhead, bipack, black and white film, blade roast, book stamp, bookplate, brand, breast, bridgework, brisket, broad arrow,… … Moby Thesaurus
plate — [[t]pleɪt[/t]] n. v. plat•ed, plat•ing 1) a shallow, usu. circular dish from which food is eaten 2) the contents of such a dish; plateful 3) an entire course of a meal served on such a dish: a vegetable plate[/ex] 4) the food and service for one… … From formal English to slang
plate — 1. In cartography: a. a printing plate of zinc, aluminum, or engraved copper; b. collective term for all “states” of an engraved map reproduced from the same engraved printing plate; c. all detail to appear on a map or chart which will be… … Military dictionary
emulsion — Synonyms and related words: backing, bibliofilm, bipack, black and white film, cartridge, colloid, colloider, color film, color negative film, dope, dry plate, emulsification, emulsifier, emulsoid, film, frame, microfilm, monochromatic film,… … Moby Thesaurus
emulsion — /əˈmʌlʃən / (say uh mulshuhn) noun 1. a liquid preparation of the colour and consistency of milk. 2. any colloidal suspension of a liquid in another liquid. 3. Pharmaceutical a liquid preparation consisting of minute particles of an oily, fatty,… …
Nuclear emulsion — In a Particle and Nuclear physics, a nuclear emulsion plate is a photographic plate with a particularly thick emulsion layer and with a very uniform grain size. Like bubble chambers, cloud chambers, and wire chambers nuclear emulsion plates… … Wikipedia
dry plate — noun a former photographic method that used a glass plate coated with a light sensitive gelatinous emulsion • Syn: ↑dry plate process • Hypernyms: ↑photography * * * noun : a photographic plate coated with a sensitized silver halide emulsion (as… … Useful english dictionary
Dry plate — Dry plate, also known as gelatin process, is an improved type of photographic plate. It was invented by Dr. Richard L. Maddox in 1871, and by 1879 it was so well introduced that the first dry plate factory had been established. With much of the… … Wikipedia
Lippmann plate — The Lippmann plate was an early form of colour photography developed in 1891 by Gabriel Lippmann, a physicist. Lippmann won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1908 for its development.A glass plate is coated with transparent and grainless silver… … Wikipedia