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1 inyë
emphatic independent 1st person sg. pronoun, "I" with emphasis, translated "I, too" in LR:61 and, according to one reading of Tolkiens manuscript, in VT49:49. -
2 esto
emphatic pronoun ?, apparently 3rd person dual, *even the two of them VT49:48. The word comes from a conceptual phase where Tolkien let dual pronouns end in the vowel -o, an idea that was apparently abandoned; also, -st- is associated with the second rather than the third person dual in later sources see -stë. The ending may have been conceived as *-sto at an earlier stage VT49:49. -
3 emmë
1 noun "mummy", hypocoristic form of "mother", also used in children's play for "index finger" and "index toe" VT47:10, 26, VT48:4, 6, 17, 19. Also emya. 2 pron. "we", emphatic pronoun; dative emmen VT43:12, 20. In the source this pronoun is intended as the 1st person plural exclusive; later Tolkien changed the corresponding pronominal ending from -mmë to -lmë, and the plural emphatic pronoun would likewise change from emmë to *elmë. Since the ending -mmë was redefined as a dual exclusive pronoun, the form emmë may still be valid as such, as a dual emphatic pronoun "we" = "she and I". -
4 essë
1 noun "name", also later name of Tengwa \#31, originally MET called árë ázë. Appendix E. With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" VT43:14. Pl. \#essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. \#esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron q.v.; we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps \#esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" MR:214, 470, Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta "k" noun *"Name-essay" see centa MR:415; Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë q.v. MR:214, 471. The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" VT45:12. 2 pron? he and also she, it?, possible emphatic 3rd sg. emphatic pronoun, attested in the sentence essë úpa nas he is dumb PE17:126 3 noun "beginning" ESE/ESET. This entry was marked by a query in Etym, and a word in the appendices to LotR suggests that it was emended to *YESE/YESET; we may therefore read *yessë for essë. See esta \#2. However, for the purposes of writing the form yestabeginning from PE17:120 may be preferred. -
5 incë
k *you, emphatic pronoun for 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. It is listed as an alternative to ilcë in the source, a query appearing between the forms VT49:48, 49. The word could also be read as intë VT49:49 -
6 uito
interjection it is not that emphatic word for no? Compare ui, náto VT49:28, 29 -
7 -ne
4 I, a 1st person pronominal suffix occurring in the word melánë I love LR:61, but Tolkien later used -n or -nyë for this meaning melin I love, VT49:21. It may be that Tolkien at one point considered ne or nye, inyë as an independent emphatic pronoun I, but this was struck out VT49:49. -
8 engwë
noun "thing" VT39:7, VT49:28. Extrapolation may also point to *engwë as an emphatic dual inclusive pronoun we thou and I, corresponding to the ending -ngwë. -
9 elyë
pron. "even thou", emphatic 2. person sg. pronoun Nam, RGEO:67, VT43:26, 27, 28, 30 -
10 intë
*"themselves", 3rd person pl. reflexive pronoun, e.g. *i neri tirir intë, "the men watch themselves". Intë is derived from earlier imte VT47:37. Conceivably intë is only used for "themselves" with reference to persons; impersonal "themselves" ought to be *inta or *intai, compare ta \#3, tai \#2. A form *intai might however have evolved into *intë by the Third Age like pl. adjectives in -ai later came to end in -ë, thus converging with the personal form.% In an earlier source, Tolkien listed intë as an emphatic pronoun *they, 3rd person plural VT49:48, 49; compare the pronominal ending -ntë. The word intë derived from inde via inze, an unusual development in Quenya also appears as a candidate 2nd person singular polite form VT49:49. -
11 lye
pron. thou/thee, you, 2nd person sg. formal/polite corresponding to familiar/intimatetye, q.v. VT49:36 It seems the original stem-form was le VT49:50, distinct from de as a plural you, but when initial d became l and the forms threatened to fall together, le was apparently altered to lye by analogy with the ending -lyë and the emphatic pronoun elyë. Stressed lyé VT49:51. For lye as object, cf. nai Eru lye mánata God bless you VT49:39. Allative lyenna *to you, upon you VT49:40-41. Compare the reflexive pronoun imlë *"yourself, thyself", q.v. it did not have to be *imlyë, for the corresponding pl. pronoun indë yourselves is distinct anyhow. -
12 náto
interjection it is that emphatic word for yes? VT49:28, 29 -
13 ni
1 1st person sg. pron. "I" according to PE17:68 also me as object, with long vowel ní when stressed VT49:51, cf. ní nauva next to nauvan for *I will be VT49:19, the former wording emphasizing the pronoun. The pronoun ni represents the original stem-form VT49:50. Dative nin "for me, to me" Arct, Nam, RGEO:67, VT41:11/15. Compare the reflexive pronoun imni, imnë *"myself" and the emphatic pronoun inyë, q.v. The ancient element ni is said to have implied, originally, this by me, of my ?concern VT49:37 -
14 -mmë
we, 1st person dual exclusive pronominal ending: *I and one other compare the inclusive dual form -ngwë or -nquë. First written -immë in one source VT49:57. Carimmë, *the two of us do VT49:16, cf. VT43:6. At an earlier conceptual stage, the ending was already exclusive, but plural rather than dual: vammë "we won't" WJ:371, firuvammë "we will die" VT43:34, etemmë ?"out of us" VT43:36; see also VT49:48, 49, 55. Also compare the corresponding emphatic pronoun emmë q.v.. The ending -lmë replaced -mmë in its former plural exclusive sense. In some early material, -mmë was apparently used as an ending for plural inclusive we VT49:55. -
15 ilcë
k 1 noun appearance etymologically glint; cf. ilca- QL:42 k 2 *you, emphatic pronoun of the 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. An alternative form incë was also listed; a query appears between the forms VT49:48. -
16 -nyë
1st person sg. pronominal suffix "I"; also short form -n q.v.. Carin or carinyë *I do VT49:16. With object -s following in utúvieunye/us I have found it see tuv-. It may be that Tolkien at one point considered nye or ne, inyë as an independent emphatic pronoun I, but this was struck out VT49:49. -
17 re
possibly a 3rd person singular emphatic pronoun, struck out by Tolkien VT49:49 -
18 ellë
vb. "came", pl. eller with a plural subject MC:215; this is "Qenya"; in later Quenya, ellë could be the emphatic pronoun "you", pl., corresponding to singular elyë "thou" at least in the conceptual phase where -llë was the ending for plural "you".
См. также в других словарях:
emphatic — em*phat ic, emphatical em*phat ic*al, a. [Gr. ?: cf. F. emphatique. See {Emphasis}.] 1. Uttered with emphasis; made prominent and impressive by a peculiar stress of voice; laying stress; deserving of stress or emphasis; forcible; impressive;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
emphatic — ► ADJECTIVE 1) showing or giving emphasis. 2) definite and clear: an emphatic win. DERIVATIVES emphatically adverb … English terms dictionary
emphatic — [em fat′ik, imfat′ik] adj. [Gr emphatikos] 1. expressed, felt, or done with emphasis 2. using emphasis in speaking, expressing, etc. 3. very striking; forcible; definite [an emphatic defeat] 4. Gram. designating or of a present tense or past… … English World dictionary
emphatic — I adjective absolute, categorical, clear, compelling, decided, dogmatic, energetic, explicit, express, forceful, forcible, graphic, insistent, overt, positive, reiterative, resounding, strong, telling, vehement, vivid II index categorical, clear… … Law dictionary
emphatic — 1708, from Gk. emphatikos, variant of emphantikos, from emphainein (see EMPHASIS (Cf. emphasis)). Emphatical is earlier (1550s). Related: Emphatically … Etymology dictionary
emphatic — [adj] insistent, unequivocal absolute, accented, assertive, assured, categorical, certain, cogent, confident, decided, definite, definitive, determined, direct, distinct, dogmatic, dynamic, earnest, energetic, explicit, express, flat, for a face* … New thesaurus
emphatic — [[t]ɪmfæ̱tɪk[/t]] 1) ADJ GRADED An emphatic response or statement is one made in a forceful way, because the speaker feels very strongly about what they are saying. His response was immediate and emphatic... I answered both questions with an… … English dictionary
emphatic — em|phat|ic [ımˈfætık] adj 1.) expressing an opinion, idea etc in a clear, strong way to show its importance ▪ an emphatic denial emphatic that ▪ Wilde was emphatic that the event should go ahead. emphatic about ▪ He was pretty emphatic about me… … Dictionary of contemporary English
emphatic — em|phat|ic [ em fætık ] adjective 1. ) said or shown in a very strong, clear way: He refused my offer with an emphatic shake of the head. a ) making your meaning very clear because you have very strong feelings about a situation or subject:… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
emphatic — UK [ɪmˈfætɪk] / US [emˈfætɪk] adjective 1) a) said or shown in a very strong clear way He refused my offer with an emphatic shake of the head. b) making your meaning very clear because you have very strong feelings about a situation or subject… … English dictionary
emphatic — emphatically, adv. emphaticalness, n. /em fat ik/, adj. 1. uttered, or to be uttered, with emphasis; strongly expressive. 2. using emphasis in speech or action. 3. forceful; insistent: a big, emphatic man; I must be emphatic about this particular … Universalium
