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41 Naval Electronics Laboratory
The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > Naval Electronics Laboratory
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42 naval electronics laboratory
n лабораторія електроніки вмсEnglish-Ukrainian military dictionary > naval electronics laboratory
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43 research laboratory for electronics
n науково-дослідна лабораторія з електронікиEnglish-Ukrainian military dictionary > research laboratory for electronics
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44 ETDL
1) Военный термин: Electronic Technology and Devices Laboratory2) Сокращение: Electronics Technology & Devices Laboratory (US Army) -
45 ELRDL
Electronics Research and Development Laboratory - Лаборатория исследований и разработок в области радиоэлектроники -
46 AEL
1) Авиация: airplane and engine license (сокр.) (амер.) (свидетельство авиатехника на право обслуживания самолёта и двигателя)2) Военный термин: Army Electronics Laboratories, aerobiology and evaluation laboratory, allowance equipage list, armament and electronics laboratory, authorized equipment listing, automatic evacuation list3) Техника: Aeronautical Engine Laboratory, Army Electronics Laboratory, acceptable emission limits, acceptor energy level, aerospace electronics laboratories, automatic edge-lock4) Оптика: accessible emission limit5) Сокращение: American Electronic Laboratories, Animal Educational League (Лига противников вивисекции животных (США))6) Школьное выражение: Arab European League7) Электроника: automatic edge-lock( сокр.) (автоматическая блокировка фронта импульсов в системах испытаний)8) Вычислительная техника: acceptable emission limit9) Нефть: acid-evaluation log, кислотный каротаж (acid-evaluation log)10) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: допустимые уровни воздействия вредных производственных факторов (Allowable Exposure Limits)11) Контроль качества: average expected loss12) Сахалин Р: Allowable Exposure Limits13) Химическое оружие: Acceptable exposure limit14) Военно-морской флот: Admiralty Engineering Laboratory (сокр.) (инженерно-техническая лаборатория ВМС [Адмиралтейства] (Великобритания))15) Нефть и газ: аравийская "сверхлёгкая" нефть (Arab(ian) Extra Light - Саудовская Аравия)16) Программное обеспечение: Application Extension Language -
47 AEL
1. acceptable emission limits - допустимые уровни излучения;2. acceptor energy level - акцепторный энергетический уровень;3. acid-evaluation log - кислотный каротаж;4. Aeronautical Engine Laboratory - Лаборатория авиационных двигателей;5. aerospace electronics laboratories - лаборатории авиационно-космической электроники;6. armament and electronics laboratory - лаборатория вооружения и электроники;7. Army Electronics Laboratory - Лаборатория электроники сухопутных войск;8. automatic edge-lock - автоматическая блокировка фронта импульсов -
48 Kompfner, Rudolph
[br]b. 16 May 1909 Vienna, Austriad. 3 December 1977 Stanford, California, USA[br]Austrian (naturalized English in 1949, American in 1957) electrical engineer primarily known for his invention of the travelling-wave tube.[br]Kompfner obtained a degree in engineering from the Vienna Technische Hochschule in 1931 and qualified as a Diplom-Ingenieur in Architecture two years later. The following year, with a worsening political situation in Austria, he moved to England and became an architectural apprentice. In 1936 he became Managing Director of a building firm owned by a relative, but at the same time he was avidly studying physics and electronics. His first patent, for a television pick-up device, was filed in 1935 and granted in 1937, but was not in fact taken up. In June 1940 he was interned on the Isle of Man, but as a result of a paper previously sent by him to the Editor of Wireless Engineer he was released the following December and sent to join the group at Birmingham University working on centimetric radar. There he worked on klystrons, with little success, but as a result of the experience gained he eventually invented the travelling-wave tube (TWT), which was based on a helical transmission line. After disbandment of the Birmingham team, in 1946 Kompfner moved to the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford and in 1947 he became a British subject. At the Clarendon Laboratory he met J.R. Pierce of Bell Laboratories, who worked out the theory of operation of the TWT. After gaining his DPhil at Oxford in 1951, Kompfner accepted a post as Principal Scientific Officer at Signals Electronic Research Laboratories, Baldock, but very soon after that he was invited by Pierce to work at Bell on microwave tubes. There, in 1952, he invented the backward-wave oscillator (BWO). He was appointed Director of Electronics Research in 1955 and Director of Communications Research in 1962, having become a US citizen in 1957. In 1958, with Pierce, he designed Echo 1, the first (passive) satellite, which was launched in August 1960. He was also involved with the development of Telstar, the first active communications satellite, which was launched in 1962. Following his retirement from Bell in 1973, he continued to pursue research, alternately at Stanford, California, and Oxford, England.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPhysical Society Duddell Medal 1955. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1960. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers David Sarnoff Award 1960. Member of the National Academy of Engineering 1966. Member of the National Academy of Science 1968. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1973. City of Philadelphia John Scott Award 1974. Roentgen Society Silvanus Thompson Medal 1974. President's National medal of Science 1974. Honorary doctorates Vienna 1965, Oxford 1969.Bibliography1944, "Velocity modulated beams", Wireless Engineer 17:262.1942, "Transit time phenomena in electronic tubes", Wireless Engineer 19:3. 1942, "Velocity modulating grids", Wireless Engineer 19:158.1946, "The travelling-wave tube", Wireless Engineer 42:369.1964, The Invention of the TWT, San Francisco: San Francisco Press.Further ReadingJ.R.Pierce, 1992, "History of the microwave tube art", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers: 980.KF -
49 RLE
1) Компьютерная техника: Run Length Encoded file2) Военный термин: research laboratory for electronics3) Техника: rate of loss of energy, review-level earthquake4) Университет: Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT5) Физиология: Right lower extremity6) Электроника: Windows or CompuServe RLE image format7) Вычислительная техника: Run Length Encoded8) Фирменный знак: Robert Lee Entertainment9) СМИ: Red Letter Edition10) Образование: Required Local Effort11) Сетевые технологии: run-length encoding, групповое кодирование12) Расширение файла: Windows bitmap (RLE-compressed), Graphic format (Utah RLE), Bitmap graphics (Utah Run-Length Encoded image file) -
50 Townes, Charles Hard
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 28 July 1915 Greenville, South Carolina, USA[br]American physicist who developed the maser and contributed to the development of the laser.[br]Charles H.Townes entered Furman University, Greenville, at the early age of 16 and in 1935 obtained a BA in modern languages and a BS in physics. After a year of postgraduate study at Duke University, he received a master's degree in physics in 1936. He then went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he obtained a PhD in 1939. From 1939 to 1947 he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, mainly on airborne radar, although he also did some work on radio astronomy. In 1948 he joined Columbia University as Associate Professor of Physics and in 1950 was appointed a full professor. He was Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory from 1950 to 1952, and from 1952 to 1955 he was Chairman of the Physics Department.To meet the need for an oscillator generating very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation, Townes in 1951 realized that use could be made of the different natural energy levels of atoms and molecules. The practical application of this idea was achieved in his laboratory in 1953 using ammonia gas to make the device known as a maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The maser was developed in the next few years and in 1958, in a joint paper with his brother-in-law Arthur L. Schawlow, Townes suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Two years later the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman.In 1959 Townes was given leave from Columbia University to serve as Vice-President and Director of Research at the Institute for Defense Analyses until 1961. He was then appointed Provost and Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967 he became University Professor of Physics at the University of California, where he has extended his research interests in the field of microwave and infra-red astronomy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Astronomical Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1964. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London. President, American Physical Society 1967. Townes has received many awards from American and other scientific societies and institutions and honorary degrees from more than twenty universities.BibliographyTownes is the author of many scientific papers and, with Arthur L.Schawlow, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).1980, entry, McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 3, New York, pp. 227– 8 (autobiography).1991, entry, The Nobel Century, London, p. 106 (autobiography).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 1,071–3 (contains a short biography).RTS -
51 Williams, Sir Frederic Calland
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 26 June 1911 Stockport, Cheshire, Englandd. 11 August 1977 Prestbury, Cheshire, England[br]English electrical engineer who invented the Williams storage cathode ray tube, which was extensively used worldwide as a data memory in the first digital computers.[br]Following education at Stockport Grammar School, Williams entered Manchester University in 1929, gaining his BSc in 1932 and MSc in 1933. After a short time as a college apprentice with Metropolitan Vickers, he went to Magdalen College, Oxford, to study for a DPhil, which he was awarded in 1936. He returned to Manchester University that year as an assistant lecturer, gaining his DSc in 1939. Following the outbreak of the Second World War he worked for the Scientific Civil Service, initially at the Bawdsey Research Station and then at the Telecommunications Research Establishment at Malvern, Worcestershire. There he was involved in research on non-incandescent amplifiers and diode rectifiers and the development of the first practical radar system capable of identifying friendly aircraft. Later in the war, he devised an automatic radar system suitable for use by fighter aircraft.After the war he resumed his academic career at Manchester, becoming Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of the University Electrotechnical Laboratory in 1946. In the same year he succeeded in developing a data-memory device based on the cathode ray tube, in which the information was stored and read by electron-beam scanning of a charge-retaining target. The Williams storage tube, as it became known, not only found obvious later use as a means of storing single-frame, still television images but proved to be a vital component of the pioneering Manchester University MkI digital computer. Because it enabled both data and program instructions to be stored in the computer, it was soon used worldwide in the development of the early stored-program computers.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1976. OBE 1945. CBE 1961. FRS 1950. Hon. DSc Durham 1964, Sussex 1971, Wales 1971. First Royal Society of Arts Benjamin Franklin Medal 1957. City of Philadelphia John Scott Award 1960. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1963. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1972. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Pioneer Award 1973.BibliographyWilliams contributed papers to many scientific journals, including Proceedings of the Royal Society, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Wireless Engineer, Post Office Electrical Engineers' Journal. Note especially: 1948, with J.Kilburn, "Electronic digital computers", Nature 162:487; 1949, with J.Kilburn, "A storage system for use with binary digital computing machines", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 96:81; 1975, "Early computers at Manchester University", Radio \& Electronic Engineer 45:327. Williams also collaborated in the writing of vols 19 and 20 of the MIT RadiationLaboratory Series.Further ReadingB.Randell, 1973, The Origins of Digital Computers, Berlin: Springer-Verlag. M.R.Williams, 1985, A History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall. See also: Stibitz, George R.; Strachey, Christopher.KFBiographical history of technology > Williams, Sir Frederic Calland
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52 AEL
[lang name="English"]AEL, aerobiology and evaluation laboratory————————[lang name="English"]AEL, allowance equipage list————————[lang name="English"]AEL, armament and electronics laboratory————————[lang name="English"]AEL, Army Electronics Laboratories————————[lang name="English"]AEL, authorized equipment listing————————[lang name="English"]AEL, automatic evacuation listEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > AEL
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53 EL
1) Компьютерная техника: Entity List, Extreme Linux2) Спорт: Epworth League3) Военный термин: education level, electronics laboratory, engineering laboratory, engineering level, equipment list, erector-launcher, expected life, explosive limit4) Техника: Elettronucleare Italiana, electrician, electricity, electroluminescent display, electronic laboratory, etched layer, etched lead5) Химия: Equal Level, этакридина лактат (ethacridine lactate; Synonym: acrinol.)6) Железнодорожный термин: Consolidated Rail Corporation7) Страхование: employers' liability8) Оптика: electroluminescent9) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Liberia), East Longitude, Electro-Luminescent, ElectroLuminescent (as in display), Electroluminescence, Emitter locator, Greek, each layer, eye lens, Ист-Лотиан (графство в Шотландии)10) Университет: Exceptional Learner11) Физиология: Elbow, Elevated Liver12) Электроника: Experience level13) Вычислительная техника: ElectroLuminescent (as in display), Electro Luminescent (display)14) Литература: Educational Librarian15) Нефть: electric log, economic limit (of production)16) Биохимия: External Lamina17) Связь: Element Layer18) Картография: East Lothian19) Банковское дело: Expected Loss20) Фирменный знак: ElectroMotive21) Холодильная техника: equivalent length22) Деловая лексика: Economy Leader23) Образование: English Learner24) Сетевые технологии: Enhanced Latency, External Linkages25) Полимеры: elastic limit26) Безопасность: Encryption Licensing27) Расширение файла: Erase Line, Electroluminescent (display)28) Электротехника: electrical laboratory, electrical latching relay, energy loss (es), (electric light) ЭО (электрическое освещение)29) Должность: Entry Level30) Программное обеспечение: Emacs Lisp -
54 El
1) Компьютерная техника: Entity List, Extreme Linux2) Спорт: Epworth League3) Военный термин: education level, electronics laboratory, engineering laboratory, engineering level, equipment list, erector-launcher, expected life, explosive limit4) Техника: Elettronucleare Italiana, electrician, electricity, electroluminescent display, electronic laboratory, etched layer, etched lead5) Химия: Equal Level, этакридина лактат (ethacridine lactate; Synonym: acrinol.)6) Железнодорожный термин: Consolidated Rail Corporation7) Страхование: employers' liability8) Оптика: electroluminescent9) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Liberia), East Longitude, Electro-Luminescent, ElectroLuminescent (as in display), Electroluminescence, Emitter locator, Greek, each layer, eye lens, Ист-Лотиан (графство в Шотландии)10) Университет: Exceptional Learner11) Физиология: Elbow, Elevated Liver12) Электроника: Experience level13) Вычислительная техника: ElectroLuminescent (as in display), Electro Luminescent (display)14) Литература: Educational Librarian15) Нефть: electric log, economic limit (of production)16) Биохимия: External Lamina17) Связь: Element Layer18) Картография: East Lothian19) Банковское дело: Expected Loss20) Фирменный знак: ElectroMotive21) Холодильная техника: equivalent length22) Деловая лексика: Economy Leader23) Образование: English Learner24) Сетевые технологии: Enhanced Latency, External Linkages25) Полимеры: elastic limit26) Безопасность: Encryption Licensing27) Расширение файла: Erase Line, Electroluminescent (display)28) Электротехника: electrical laboratory, electrical latching relay, energy loss (es), (electric light) ЭО (электрическое освещение)29) Должность: Entry Level30) Программное обеспечение: Emacs Lisp -
55 NEL
1) Военный термин: National Exploitation Laboratory, Navy Electronic Laboratory (US)2) Техника: naval electronics laboratory, neon light3) Сокращение: National Engineering Laboratory, Network Element Layer4) Физиология: Net Energy Of Lactation5) Нефть: northeast line6) Токсикология: доза без отрицательного эффекта, доза, не вызывающая отрицательной реакции, недействующая доза ((проф. выражение)), уровень, не вызывающий отрицательных эффектов7) Бурение: северо-восточная линия (north-east line)8) Правительство: North of East Lake -
56 el
1) Компьютерная техника: Entity List, Extreme Linux2) Спорт: Epworth League3) Военный термин: education level, electronics laboratory, engineering laboratory, engineering level, equipment list, erector-launcher, expected life, explosive limit4) Техника: Elettronucleare Italiana, electrician, electricity, electroluminescent display, electronic laboratory, etched layer, etched lead5) Химия: Equal Level, этакридина лактат (ethacridine lactate; Synonym: acrinol.)6) Железнодорожный термин: Consolidated Rail Corporation7) Страхование: employers' liability8) Оптика: electroluminescent9) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Liberia), East Longitude, Electro-Luminescent, ElectroLuminescent (as in display), Electroluminescence, Emitter locator, Greek, each layer, eye lens, Ист-Лотиан (графство в Шотландии)10) Университет: Exceptional Learner11) Физиология: Elbow, Elevated Liver12) Электроника: Experience level13) Вычислительная техника: ElectroLuminescent (as in display), Electro Luminescent (display)14) Литература: Educational Librarian15) Нефть: electric log, economic limit (of production)16) Биохимия: External Lamina17) Связь: Element Layer18) Картография: East Lothian19) Банковское дело: Expected Loss20) Фирменный знак: ElectroMotive21) Холодильная техника: equivalent length22) Деловая лексика: Economy Leader23) Образование: English Learner24) Сетевые технологии: Enhanced Latency, External Linkages25) Полимеры: elastic limit26) Безопасность: Encryption Licensing27) Расширение файла: Erase Line, Electroluminescent (display)28) Электротехника: electrical laboratory, electrical latching relay, energy loss (es), (electric light) ЭО (электрическое освещение)29) Должность: Entry Level30) Программное обеспечение: Emacs Lisp -
57 nel
1) Военный термин: National Exploitation Laboratory, Navy Electronic Laboratory (US)2) Техника: naval electronics laboratory, neon light3) Сокращение: National Engineering Laboratory, Network Element Layer4) Физиология: Net Energy Of Lactation5) Нефть: northeast line6) Токсикология: доза без отрицательного эффекта, доза, не вызывающая отрицательной реакции, недействующая доза ((проф. выражение)), уровень, не вызывающий отрицательных эффектов7) Бурение: северо-восточная линия (north-east line)8) Правительство: North of East Lake -
58 Varian, Russell Harrison
[br]b. 24 April 1898 Washington, DC, USAd. 28 July 1959 Juneau, Alaska, USA[br]American physicist who, with his brother Sigurd Varian and others, developed the klystron.[br]After attending schools in Palo Alto and Halcyon, Russell Varian went to Stanford University, gaining his BA in 1925 and his MA in 1927 despite illness and being dyslexic. His family being in need of financial help, he first worked for six months for Bush Electric in San Francisco and then for an oil company in Texas, returning to San Francisco in 1930 to join Farnsworth's Television Laboratory. After a move to Philadelphia, in 1933 the laboratory closed and Russell tried to take up a PhD course at Stanford but was rejected, so he trained as a teacher. However, although he did some teaching at Stanford it was not to be his career, for in 1935 he joined his brothers Sigurd and Eric in the setting up of a home laboratory.There, with William Hansen, a former colleague of Russell's at Stanford, they worked on the development of microwave oscillators, based on some of the latter's ideas. By 1937 they had made sufficient progress on an electron velocity-bunching tube, which they called the klystron, to obtain an agreement with the university to provide laboratory facilities in return for a share of any proceeds. By August that year they were able to produce continuous power at a wavelength of 13 cm. Clearly needing greater resources to develop and manufacture the tube, and with a possible war looming, a deal was struck with the Sperry Gyroscope Company to finance the work, which was transferred to the East Coast.In 1946, after the death of his first wife, Russell returned to Palo Alto, and in 1948 the brothers and Hansen founded Varian Associates to make microwave tubes for transmitters and linear accelerators and nuclear magnetic-resonance detectors. Subsequent research also resulted in the development of a satellite-borne magnetometer for measuring the earth's magnetic field.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary DSc Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute 1943. Franklin Institute Medal.Bibliography1939, with S.F.Varian, "High frequency oscillator and amplifier", Journal of Applied Physics 10:321 (describes the klystron).Further ReadingJ.R.Pierce, 1962, "History of the microwave tube art", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 979 (provides background to development of the klystron).D.Varian, 1983, The Inventor and the Pilot (biographies of the brothers).See also: Varian, Sigurd FergusKFBiographical history of technology > Varian, Russell Harrison
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59 De Forest, Lee
SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Photography, film and optics, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 26 August 1873 Council Bluffs, Iowa, USAd. 30 June 1961 Hollywood, California, USA[br]American electrical engineer and inventor principally known for his invention of the Audion, or triode, vacuum tube; also a pioneer of sound in the cinema.[br]De Forest was born into the family of a Congregational minister that moved to Alabama in 1879 when the father became President of a college for African-Americans; this was a position that led to the family's social ostracism by the white community. By the time he was 13 years old, De Forest was already a keen mechanical inventor, and in 1893, rejecting his father's plan for him to become a clergyman, he entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Following his first degree, he went on to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves, gaining a PhD in physics in 1899 for his thesis on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires", probably the first US thesis in the field of radio.He then joined the Western Electric Company in Chicago where he helped develop the infant technology of wireless, working his way up from a modest post in the production area to a position in the experimental laboratory. There, working alone after normal working hours, he developed a detector of electromagnetic waves based on an electrolytic device similar to that already invented by Fleming in England. Recognizing his talents, a number of financial backers enabled him to set up his own business in 1902 under the name of De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Company; he was soon demonstrating wireless telegraphy to interested parties and entering into competition with the American Marconi Company.Despite the failure of this company because of fraud by his partners, he continued his experiments; in 1907, by adding a third electrode, a wire mesh, between the anode and cathode of the thermionic diode invented by Fleming in 1904, he was able to produce the amplifying device now known as the triode valve and achieve a sensitivity of radio-signal reception much greater than possible with the passive carborundum and electrolytic detectors hitherto available. Patented under the name Audion, this new vacuum device was soon successfully used for experimental broadcasts of music and speech in New York and Paris. The invention of the Audion has been described as the beginning of the electronic era. Although much development work was required before its full potential was realized, the Audion opened the way to progress in all areas of sound transmission, recording and reproduction. The patent was challenged by Fleming and it was not until 1943 that De Forest's claim was finally recognized.Overcoming the near failure of his new company, the De Forest Radio Telephone Company, as well as unsuccessful charges of fraudulent promotion of the Audion, he continued to exploit the potential of his invention. By 1912 he had used transformer-coupling of several Audion stages to achieve high gain at radio frequencies, making long-distance communication a practical proposition, and had applied positive feedback from the Audion output anode to its input grid to realize a stable transmitter oscillator and modulator. These successes led to prolonged patent litigation with Edwin Armstrong and others, and he eventually sold the manufacturing rights, in retrospect often for a pittance.During the early 1920s De Forest began a fruitful association with T.W.Case, who for around ten years had been working to perfect a moving-picture sound system. De Forest claimed to have had an interest in sound films as early as 1900, and Case now began to supply him with photoelectric cells and primitive sound cameras. He eventually devised a variable-density sound-on-film system utilizing a glow-discharge modulator, the Photion. By 1926 De Forest's Phonofilm had been successfully demonstrated in over fifty theatres and this system became the basis of Movietone. Though his ideas were on the right lines, the technology was insufficiently developed and it was left to others to produce a system acceptable to the film industry. However, De Forest had played a key role in transforming the nature of the film industry; within a space of five years the production of silent films had all but ceased.In the following decade De Forest applied the Audion to the development of medical diathermy. Finally, after spending most of his working life as an independent inventor and entrepreneur, he worked for a time during the Second World War at the Bell Telephone Laboratories on military applications of electronics.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electronic and Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1922. President, Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers 1930. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Edison Medal 1946.Bibliography1904, "Electrolytic detectors", Electrician 54:94 (describes the electrolytic detector). 1907, US patent no. 841,387 (the Audion).1950, Father of Radio, Chicago: WIlcox \& Follett (autobiography).De Forest gave his own account of the development of his sound-on-film system in a series of articles: 1923. "The Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16 (May): 61–75; 1924. "Phonofilm progress", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 20:17–19; 1927, "Recent developments in the Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 27:64–76; 1941, "Pioneering in talking pictures", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 36 (January): 41–9.Further ReadingG.Carneal, 1930, A Conqueror of Space (biography).I.Levine, 1964, Electronics Pioneer, Lee De Forest (biography).E.I.Sponable, 1947, "Historical development of sound films", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 48 (April): 275–303 (an authoritative account of De Forest's sound-film work, by Case's assistant).W.R.McLaurin, 1949, Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry.C.F.Booth, 1955, "Fleming and De Forest. An appreciation", in Thermionic Valves 1904– 1954, IEE.V.J.Phillips, 1980, Early Radio Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.KF / JW -
60 Pierce, George Washington
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 11 January 1872 Austin, Texas, USAd. 25 August 1956 Franklin, New Hampshire, USA[br]American physicist who made various contributions to electronics, particularly crystal oscillators.[br]Pierce entered the University of Texas in 1890, gaining his BSc in physics in 1893 and his MSc in 1894. After teaching and doing various odd jobs, in 1897 he obtained a scholarship to Harvard, obtaining his PhD three years later. Following a period at the University of Leipzig, he returned to the USA in 1903 to join the teaching staff at Harvard, where he soon established new courses and began to gain a reputation as a pioneer in electronics, including the study of crystal rectifiers and publication of a textbook on wireless telegraphy. In 1912, with Kennelly, he conceived the idea of motional impedance. The same year he was made first Director of Harvard's Cruft High- Tension Electrical Laboratory, a post he held until his retirement. In 1917 he was appointed Professor of Physics, and for the remainder of the First World War he was also involved in work on submarine detection at the US Naval Base in New London. In 1921 he was appointed Rumford Professor of Physics and became interested in the work of Walter Cady on crystal-controlled circuits. As a result of this he patented the Pierce crystal oscillator in 1924. Having discovered the magnetostriction property of nickel and nichrome, in 1928 he also invented the magnetostriction oscillator. The mercury-vapour discharge lamp is also said to have been his idea. He became Gordon McKay Professor of Physics and Communications in 1935 and retired from Harvard in 1940, but he remained active for the rest of his life with the study of sound generation by birds and insects.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institute of Radio Engineers 1918–19. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1929.Bibliography1910, Principles of Wireless Telegraphy.1914, US patent no. 1,450,749 (a mercury vapour tube control circuit). 1919, Electrical Oscillations and Electric Waves.1922, "The piezo-electric Resonator", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 10:83.Further ReadingF.E.Terman, 1943, Radio Engineers'Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill (for details of piezo-electric crystal oscillator circuits).KFBiographical history of technology > Pierce, George Washington
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Electronics today international (magazine) — or ETI was a magazine for electronics hobbyists and professionals.Originally started in Australia, ETI was published in the UK in 1972. From there, it expanded to various European countries and over to Canada.It was one of the first magazines to… … Wikipedia
Electronics for Medicine — Electronics for Medicine, commonly known as E for M, was a pioneering company in medical electronics. Founded in the 1950s to make instrumentation for recording physiological signals from the heart, it was based in Westchester County, New York.… … Wikipedia
Electronics Research Laboratory — Infobox Company name = Electronics Research Laboratory ( ERL ) Technology to the People! type = Private company, subsidiary of Volkswagen of America, Inc. foundation = flagicon|US: Sunnyvale, California, U.S. (August 1998) founder = location =… … Wikipedia
Electronics and Radar Development Establishment — Infobox Laboratory name = Electronics Radar Development Establishment motto = logo = established = 1962 city = Bangalore, Karnataka research field = Radar Systems type = director = S. Varadarajan staff = budget = operating agency = DRDO… … Wikipedia
Electronics Research Center — Model of Electronics Research Centers first phase of construction is examined by (from left) Dr. Albert J. Kelley, Deputy Director; Edward Durell Stone, and Dr. Winston E. Kock, Director. Credit: Michael Hahn Great Images in NASA The Electronics… … Wikipedia
electronics — /i lek tron iks, ee lek /, n. (used with a sing. v.) the science dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors. [1905 10; see ELECTRONIC,… … Universalium
Electronics manufacturing services — Electronic manufacturing services (EMS) is a term used for companies that design, test, manufacture, distribute, and provide return/repair services for electronic component and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).HistorySCI… … Wikipedia
Cleveland Institute of Electronics — Motto A School of thousands. A class of one. Since 1934. Established 1934 Type Private President … Wikipedia
UP Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering — Department Profile The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of the University of the Philippines College of Engineering ( [http://www.upd.edu.ph/ eee/ UP DEEE] ) offers three undergraduate programs of study leading to the Bachelor … Wikipedia
Radiation Laboratory — Ernest Lawrence s laboratory at University of California Berkeley, now known as Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, also was known as the Radiation Laboratory. Presently, there are a number of research laboratories with this name, including… … Wikipedia
Air Force Research Laboratory — Emblem of AFRL … Wikipedia