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1 OSC coherent oscillator
Electrical engineering: COHУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > OSC coherent oscillator
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2 определённый
•These particles can have only certain energies.
••Each absorption band is associated with a distinct (or definite) type of electrical oscillator.
•Each of the materials comprising the Earth's surface has distinct elastic properties.
II•A counter may be located at a fixed (or set) distance from the source.
•The maximum rate of change of a particular characteristic of the orbit...
•Apparatus suitable for specific test methods...
•The conveyor feeds a specified amount of coal into...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > определённый
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3 всеволновой генератор
Electrical engineering: all-wave oscillatorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > всеволновой генератор
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4 кварцевый генератор
1) Engineering: XO crystal oscillator, Xtal oscillator, crystal-controlled oscillator, piezoelectric oscillator, quartz-crystal oscillator, quartz-crystal-controlled oscillator2) Telecommunications: crystal-stabilized oscillator, quartz clock, quartz crystal oscillator, quartz crystal-controlled generator, quartz oscillator3) Physics: quartz resonator4) Household appliances: crystal oscillator5) Microelectronics: crystall-controlled oscillator6) Electrical engineering: quartz-crystal ( controlled) oscillatorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > кварцевый генератор
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5 Pierce, George Washington
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 11 January 1872 Austin, Texas, USAd. 25 August 1956 Franklin, New Hampshire, USA[br]American physicist who made various contributions to electronics, particularly crystal oscillators.[br]Pierce entered the University of Texas in 1890, gaining his BSc in physics in 1893 and his MSc in 1894. After teaching and doing various odd jobs, in 1897 he obtained a scholarship to Harvard, obtaining his PhD three years later. Following a period at the University of Leipzig, he returned to the USA in 1903 to join the teaching staff at Harvard, where he soon established new courses and began to gain a reputation as a pioneer in electronics, including the study of crystal rectifiers and publication of a textbook on wireless telegraphy. In 1912, with Kennelly, he conceived the idea of motional impedance. The same year he was made first Director of Harvard's Cruft High- Tension Electrical Laboratory, a post he held until his retirement. In 1917 he was appointed Professor of Physics, and for the remainder of the First World War he was also involved in work on submarine detection at the US Naval Base in New London. In 1921 he was appointed Rumford Professor of Physics and became interested in the work of Walter Cady on crystal-controlled circuits. As a result of this he patented the Pierce crystal oscillator in 1924. Having discovered the magnetostriction property of nickel and nichrome, in 1928 he also invented the magnetostriction oscillator. The mercury-vapour discharge lamp is also said to have been his idea. He became Gordon McKay Professor of Physics and Communications in 1935 and retired from Harvard in 1940, but he remained active for the rest of his life with the study of sound generation by birds and insects.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institute of Radio Engineers 1918–19. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1929.Bibliography1910, Principles of Wireless Telegraphy.1914, US patent no. 1,450,749 (a mercury vapour tube control circuit). 1919, Electrical Oscillations and Electric Waves.1922, "The piezo-electric Resonator", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 10:83.Further ReadingF.E.Terman, 1943, Radio Engineers'Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill (for details of piezo-electric crystal oscillator circuits).KFBiographical history of technology > Pierce, George Washington
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6 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
[br]b. 6 September 1892 Bradford, Englandd. 21 April 1965 Edinburgh, Scotland[br]English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the ionospheric layer, named after him, which is an efficient reflector of short radio waves, thereby making possible long-distance radio communication.[br]After early ambitions to become a professional cricketer, Appleton went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied under J.J.Thompson and Ernest Rutherford. His academic career interrupted by the First World War, he served as a captain in the Royal Engineers, carrying out investigations into the propagation and fading of radio signals. After the war he joined the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, as a demonstrator in 1920, and in 1924 he moved to King's College, London, as Wheatstone Professor of Physics.In the following decade he contributed to developments in valve oscillators (in particular, the "squegging" oscillator, which formed the basis of the first hard-valve time-base) and gained international recognition for research into electromagnetic-wave propagation. His most important contribution was to confirm the existence of a conducting ionospheric layer in the upper atmosphere capable of reflecting radio waves, which had been predicted almost simultaneously by Heaviside and Kennelly in 1902. This he did by persuading the BBC in 1924 to vary the frequency of their Bournemouth transmitter, and he then measured the signal received at Cambridge. By comparing the direct and reflected rays and the daily variation he was able to deduce that the Kennelly- Heaviside (the so-called E-layer) was at a height of about 60 miles (97 km) above the earth and that there was a further layer (the Appleton or F-layer) at about 150 miles (240 km), the latter being an efficient reflector of the shorter radio waves that penetrated the lower layers. During the period 1927–32 and aided by Hartree, he established a magneto-ionic theory to explain the existence of the ionosphere. He was instrumental in obtaining agreement for international co-operation for ionospheric and other measurements in the form of the Second Polar Year (1932–3) and, much later, the International Geophysical Year (1957–8). For all this work, which made it possible to forecast the optimum frequencies for long-distance short-wave communication as a function of the location of transmitter and receiver and of the time of day and year, in 1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.He returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1939, and with M.F. Barnett he investigated the possible use of radio waves for radio-location of aircraft. In 1939 he became Secretary of the Government Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, a post he held for ten years. During the Second World War he contributed to the development of both radar and the atomic bomb, and subsequently served on government committees concerned with the use of atomic energy (which led to the establishment of Harwell) and with scientific staff.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted (KCB 1941, GBE 1946). Nobel Prize for Physics 1947. FRS 1927. Vice- President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1932. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1933. Institute of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1946. Vice-Chancellor, Edinburgh University 1947. Institution of Civil Engineers Ewing Medal 1949. Royal Medallist 1950. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1962. President, British Association 1953. President, Radio Industry Council 1955–7. Légion d'honneur. LLD University of St Andrews 1947.Bibliography1925, joint paper with Barnett, Nature 115:333 (reports Appleton's studies of the ionosphere).1928, "Some notes of wireless methods of investigating the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere", Proceedings of the Physical Society 41(Part III):43. 1932, Thermionic Vacuum Tubes and Their Applications (his work on valves).1947, "The investigation and forecasting of ionospheric conditions", Journal of theInstitution of Electrical Engineers 94, Part IIIA: 186 (a review of British work on the exploration of the ionosphere).with J.F.Herd \& R.A.Watson-Watt, British patent no. 235,254 (squegging oscillator).Further ReadingWho Was Who, 1961–70 1972, VI, London: A. \& C.Black (for fuller details of honours). R.Clark, 1971, Sir Edward Appleton, Pergamon (biography).J.Jewkes, D.Sawers \& R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention.KFBiographical history of technology > Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
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7 генератор с кварцевой стабилизацией частоты
1) Engineering: XO crystal oscillator, Xtal oscillator, crystal-controlled oscillator, piezoelectric oscillator, quartz oscillator, quartz-crystal oscillator, quartz-crystal-controlled oscillator2) Electronics: crystal oscillator3) Electrical engineering: X-tal oscillatorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > генератор с кварцевой стабилизацией частоты
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8 генератор (рис. 90)
generator
генератор постоянного тока типа... с регулируемым напряженцем 28 в, расчетным током 25 a, рабочим диапазонам оборотов от 2600 до 5000, левого вращения с приводом от двигателя. — the type l-l is a 28 volt, 25 ampere, dc, shunt wound, voltage regulated, 2600 to 5000 rpm, engine driven unit for counterclock rotation at the driven end.
- (электронный) — oscillator
-, беещеточный — brushless generator
-, вырабатывающий з-х фазный переменный ток, напряжением 115/200 в, 400 гц — generator producing 115/200 volt, 3 phase, 400 hz ас
- задающий (рад.) — master oscillator
-, звуковой — audio-frequency oscillator
-, импульсов — pulse generator
а device for generating a controlled series of electrical pulses.
-, кварцевый — crystal (controlled) oscillator
- нейтрального газа (гнг) — inert gas generator
- опорных частот (гоч) — reference frequency oscillator (rfo)
-, компаундный — compound (wound) generator
- мощностью...kb.a — generator rated at kv.a
- no i he работает (табло) — gem no. i fail /out, off/
- переменного тока — ас generator
- постоянного тока — dc generator
- со встроенным приводом — integrated drive generator (idg)
- с постоянным числом оборотов (с приводом нпо) — constant-speed generator
- с приводом от двигателя — engine-driven generator
- с шунтовой обмоткой — shunt (wound) generator
- тактов (вычиеп. техника) — clock generator
- 3,5 мгц — 3.5- mhz oscillator
обдув г. — generator air cooling
перемагничивание г. (изменение полярности полюсов) — reversed polarity of the generator
помехи от г. — generator noise
нагружать г. — load the generatorРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > генератор (рис. 90)
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9 генератор несущей
1) Engineering: carrier frequency oscillator (частоты), carrier generator, carrier-insertion oscillator (частоты)2) Electronics: carrier insertion oscillator3) Metrology: carrier source4) Electrical engineering: carrier carrier-insertion oscillator (частоты) -
10 звуковой генератор
1) Engineering: audio oscillator, audio-frequency generator, audio-frequency oscillator, tone generator, tone oscillator2) Physics: audio-signal generator4) Automation: audio oscillator (напр. ультразвукового станка)5) Electrical engineering: audio-frequency generator (ЗГ), tone generator (ЗГ)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > звуковой генератор
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11 импульсный генератор
1) Aviation: demand pulse generator2) Medicine: pulse generator, pulser3) Engineering: impulse generator, impulse oscillator, impulser, pulse oscillator, pulsed oscillator, surge generator4) Telecommunications: pulse-generated circuit5) Physics: pulsed-power driver6) Electronics: pulsar7) Automation: pulse-generating circuit8) Makarov: pulse oscillator (источник колебаний, генерирующий под воздействием собственных или внешних импульсов)9) Electrical engineering: generatorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > импульсный генератор
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12 генератор биений
1) Military: beat-frequency generator2) Engineering: beat frequency oscillator, beat-frequency oscillator3) Household appliances: beat oscillator4) Electrical engineering: (частоты) beat-frequency generator -
13 генератор звуковой частоты
1) Engineering: audio frequency generator, audio-frequency generator, audio-signal generator, tone generator3) Telecommunications: acoustic generator, audible-frequency generator4) Electrical engineering: af oscillator, audiohowlerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > генератор звуковой частоты
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14 искровой генератор
1) Engineering: spark oscillator2) Electronics: sparcatron, spark-gap oscillator3) Makarov: spark-gap converter ( e. g., for induction heating) (напр. для индукционного нагрева), spark-gap generatorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > искровой генератор
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15 когерентный гетеродин
1) Naval: coherent oscillator2) Engineering: coherent local oscillator, coho3) Electrical engineering: OSC coherent oscillatorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > когерентный гетеродин
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16 опорный генератор
1) Engineering: frequency standard (в синтезаторах частоты и возбудителях дискретного спектра), reference generator, reference oscillator, reference-frequency generator, reference-frequency oscillator, time base2) Metrology: comparison oscillator3) Watchmaking: clock time reference4) Makarov: frequency standard assembly (в синтезаторах частоты и возбудителях дискретного спектра)5) Electrical engineering: timebase -
17 Colpitts, Edwin Henry
[br]b. 9 January 1872 Pointe de Bute, Canadad. 6 March 1949 Orange, New Jersey, USA[br]Canadian physicist and electrical engineer responsible for important developments in electronic-circuit technology.[br]Colpitts obtained Bachelor's degrees at Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, and Harvard in 1894 and 1896, respectively, followed by a Master's degree at Harvard in 1897. After two years as assistant to the professor of physics there, he joined the American Bell Telephone Company. When the Bell Company was reorganized in 1907, he moved to the Western Electric branch of the company in New York as Head of the Physical Laboratories. In 1911 he became a director of the Research Laboratories, and in 1917 he became Assistant Chief Engineer of the company. During this time he invented both the push-pull amplifier and the Colpitts oscillator, both major developments in communications. In 1917, during the First World War, he spent some time in France helping to set up the US Signal Corps Research Laboratories. Afterwards he continued to do much, both technically and as a manager, to place telephone communications on a firm scientific basis, retiring as Vice-President of the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1937. With the outbreak of the Second World War in 1941 he was recalled from retirement and appointed Director of the Engineering Foundation to work on submarine warfare techniques, particularly echo-ranging.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOrder of the Rising Sun, Japan, 1938. US Medal of Merit 1948.Bibliography1919, with E.B.Craft, "Radio telephony", Proceedings of the American Institution of Electrical Engineers 38:337.1921, with O.B.Blackwell, "Carrier current telephony and telegraphy", American Institute of Electrical Engineers Transactions 40:205.11 September 1915, US reissue patent no. 15,538 (control device for radio signalling).28 August 1922, US patent no. 1,479,638 (multiple signal reception).Further ReadingM.D.Fagen, 1975, A History of Engineering \& Science in the Bell System, Vol. 1, Bell Laboratories.See also: Hartley, Ralph V.L.KF -
18 Hetzel, Max
[br]b. 5 March 1921 Basle, Switzerland[br]Swiss electrical engineer who invented the tuning-fork watch.[br]Hetzel trained as an electrical engineer at the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich and worked for several years in the field of telecommunications before joining the Bulova Watch Company in 1950. At that time several companies were developing watches with electromagnetically maintained balances, but they represented very little advance on the mechanical watch and the mechanical switching mechanism was unreliable. In 1952 Hetzel started work on a much more radical design which was influenced by a transistorized tuning-fork oscillator that he had developed when he was working on telecommunications. Tuning forks, whose vibrations were maintained electromagnetically, had been used by scientists during the nineteenth century to measure small intervals of time, but Niaudet- Breguet appears to have been the first to use a tuning fork to control a clock. In 1866 he described a mechanically operated tuning-fork clock manufactured by the firm of Breguet, but it was not successful, possibly because the fork did not compensate for changes in temperature. The tuning fork only became a precision instrument during the 1920s, when elinvar forks were maintained in vibration by thermionic valve circuits. Their primary purpose was to act as frequency standards, but they might have been developed into precision clocks had not the quartz clock made its appearance very shortly afterwards. Hetzel's design was effectively a miniaturized version of these precision devices, with a transistor replacing the thermionic valve. The fork vibrated at a frequency of 360 cycles per second, and the hands were driven mechanically from the end of one of the tines. A prototype was working by 1954, and the watch went into production in 1960. It was sold under the tradename Accutron, with a guaranteed accuracy of one minute per month: this was a considerable improvement on the performance of the mechanical watch. However, the events of the 1920s were to repeat themselves, and by the end of the decade the Accutron was eclipsed by the introduction of quartz-crystal watches.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNeuchâtel Observatory Centenary Prize 1958. Swiss Society for Chronometry Gold Medal 1988.Bibliography"The history of the “Accutron” tuning fork watch", 1969, Swiss Watch \& Jewellery Journal 94:413–5.Further ReadingR.Good, 1960, "The Accutron", Horological Journal 103:346–53 (for a detailed technical description).J.D.Weaver, 1982, Electrical \& Electronic Clocks \& Watches, London (provides a technical description of the tuning-fork watch in its historical context).DV -
19 Kompfner, Rudolph
[br]b. 16 May 1909 Vienna, Austriad. 3 December 1977 Stanford, California, USA[br]Austrian (naturalized English in 1949, American in 1957) electrical engineer primarily known for his invention of the travelling-wave tube.[br]Kompfner obtained a degree in engineering from the Vienna Technische Hochschule in 1931 and qualified as a Diplom-Ingenieur in Architecture two years later. The following year, with a worsening political situation in Austria, he moved to England and became an architectural apprentice. In 1936 he became Managing Director of a building firm owned by a relative, but at the same time he was avidly studying physics and electronics. His first patent, for a television pick-up device, was filed in 1935 and granted in 1937, but was not in fact taken up. In June 1940 he was interned on the Isle of Man, but as a result of a paper previously sent by him to the Editor of Wireless Engineer he was released the following December and sent to join the group at Birmingham University working on centimetric radar. There he worked on klystrons, with little success, but as a result of the experience gained he eventually invented the travelling-wave tube (TWT), which was based on a helical transmission line. After disbandment of the Birmingham team, in 1946 Kompfner moved to the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford and in 1947 he became a British subject. At the Clarendon Laboratory he met J.R. Pierce of Bell Laboratories, who worked out the theory of operation of the TWT. After gaining his DPhil at Oxford in 1951, Kompfner accepted a post as Principal Scientific Officer at Signals Electronic Research Laboratories, Baldock, but very soon after that he was invited by Pierce to work at Bell on microwave tubes. There, in 1952, he invented the backward-wave oscillator (BWO). He was appointed Director of Electronics Research in 1955 and Director of Communications Research in 1962, having become a US citizen in 1957. In 1958, with Pierce, he designed Echo 1, the first (passive) satellite, which was launched in August 1960. He was also involved with the development of Telstar, the first active communications satellite, which was launched in 1962. Following his retirement from Bell in 1973, he continued to pursue research, alternately at Stanford, California, and Oxford, England.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPhysical Society Duddell Medal 1955. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1960. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers David Sarnoff Award 1960. Member of the National Academy of Engineering 1966. Member of the National Academy of Science 1968. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1973. City of Philadelphia John Scott Award 1974. Roentgen Society Silvanus Thompson Medal 1974. President's National medal of Science 1974. Honorary doctorates Vienna 1965, Oxford 1969.Bibliography1944, "Velocity modulated beams", Wireless Engineer 17:262.1942, "Transit time phenomena in electronic tubes", Wireless Engineer 19:3. 1942, "Velocity modulating grids", Wireless Engineer 19:158.1946, "The travelling-wave tube", Wireless Engineer 42:369.1964, The Invention of the TWT, San Francisco: San Francisco Press.Further ReadingJ.R.Pierce, 1992, "History of the microwave tube art", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers: 980.KF -
20 вибратор
2) Aviation: stick shaker3) Medicine: jarring machine, pulsator, shaker4) Engineering: dipole (антенны), jigger, oscillator, vibration exciter, vibration generator, vibratory arm5) Construction: trembler6) Railway term: interrupter7) Automobile industry: percussion contact breaker, ticker8) Mining: shaker machine9) Forestry: shake head10) Metallurgy: resonator11) Polygraphy: vibrator (напр. в отливном станке)12) Radio: doublet13) Oil: shaking apparatus14) Astronautics: chopper, dipole radiator15) Geophysics: vibratory source, vibroseis source16) Metrology: shaker unit, vibration shaker18) Automation: table vibrator (формовочной машины), vibrating reed, vibration machine19) Makarov: (см.тж. антенна) dipole (антенна), oscillator (преобразователь электрического сигнала в механические колебания или наоборот), staker (механизм), transducer (преобразователь электрического сигнала в механические колебания или наоборот), vibrator (механизм), vibrator (механизм для уплотнения грунта и т.п.), vibrator (преобразователь электрического сигнала в механические колебания или наоборот), vibrator (part of vibrator power supply) (вибрационный преобразователь, часть вибропреобразователя), vibratory motor20) Taboo: cordless massager21) Electrical engineering: chopper switch, vibrating-reed relay
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