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21 contingency theory
Finthe hypothesis that there can be no universally applicable best practice in the design of organizational units or of control systems such as management accounting systems. The efficient design and functioning of such systems is dependent on an awareness by the system designer of the specific environmental factors which influence their operation, such as the organizational structure, technology base, and market situation. -
22 Langmuir, Irving
[br]b. 31 January 1881 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 16 August 1957 Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA[br]American Nobel Prize winner in chemistry in 1932 who was responsible for a number of important scientific developments ranging from electric lamps, through a high-vacuum transmitting tube (for broadcasting) to a high-vacuum mercury pump for studies in atomic structure, in radar and the stimulation of artificial rainfall.[br]Langmuir took a degree in metallurgical engineering at Columbia University School of Mines, and then a PhD in chemistry at Göttingen University in Germany. For much of his life he carried out research in physical chemistry at the General Electric Research Laboratory at Schenechtady, New York, where he remained until his retirement in 1950. One important result of his work there led to a great improvement in artificial illumination of homes. This was his development in 1913 of a much more efficient electric light bulb, which was filled with argon gas and had a coiled filament. The idea of using an inert gas was an old one, but it was not a viable proposition until a filament that could be coiled became available. Overall, Langmuir's lamp was more reliable than previous designs and gave a brighter light.[br]Further ReadingArthur A.Bright, 1949, The Electric Lamp Industry, New York: Macmillan. Floyd A.Lewis, 1961, The Incandescent Light, New York: Shorewood.DY -
23 Causes
Our curiosity about things takes different forms, as Aristotle noted at the dawn of human science. His pioneering effort to classify them still makes a lot of sense. He identified four basic questions we might want answered about anything, and called their answers the four aitia, a truly untranslatable Greek term traditionally but awkwardly translated the four "causes."(1) We may be curious about what something is made of, its matter or material cause.(2) We may be curious about the form (or structure or shape) that that matter takes, its formal cause.(3) We may be curious about its beginning, how it got started, or its efficient cause.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Causes
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24 основополагающие принципы управления Играми
основополагающие принципы управления Играми
Основополагающие принципы подхода к управлению Играми таковы:
• минимизация риска и
• максимизация возможностей.
Четкая и эффективная структура партнерства, наряду с эффективным управлением и ежедневной работой, должны не только минимизировать риски, но и максимально увеличить возможности для выполнения задач организаторов и МОК.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
Games management guiding principles
Guiding principles of the Games management approach are:
• minimization of risk, and
• maximization of opportunity.clear and effective partnership structure, with efficient management and day-today operations, should not only minimize risks, but also should maximize the opportunities to fulfill the objectives of the organizers and the IOC.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > основополагающие принципы управления Играми
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25 планирование сельского хозяйства
планирование сельского хозяйства
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agricultural planning
The development of plans and measures to achieve greater and more efficient output from agriculture; a sound agricultural policy should be able to reconcile three basic needs: the production of food and agricultural products, the protection of the environment and the maintenance of the socio-economic structure of rural areas. (Source: DOBRISa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > планирование сельского хозяйства
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26 ФНД «Управление, контроль и координация»
- Command, Coordination and Control FA (C3)
ФНД «Управление, контроль и координация»
Задача ФНД «Управление, контроль и координация» заключается в разработке и внедрении системы управления Играми (принципы, оргструктура, процессы, инструменты), которая обеспечит эффективное принятие решений и хорошо скоординированное взаимодействие всех организаторов Игр до, во время и после Игр. Данная задача относится и к Олимпийским, и к Паралимпийским играм.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
Command, Coordination and Control FA (C3)
C3 mission is to develop and implement the Games management system (principles, organizational structure, processes, tools) to ensure efficient decision-making and well-coordinated interaction of all Games organizers, during pre-Games, Games-time and post-Games time periods. This mission remains the same for both Olympic and Paralympic Games.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
- Command, Coordination and Control FA (C3)
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ФНД «Управление, контроль и координация»
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