-
21 периодические экономические кризисы
экон. recurrent economic crisesНо глобализация этого не сделала: несправедливый режим глобальной торговли, препятствующий развитию; нестабильная глобальная финансовая система, приводящая к периодическим кризисам, при этом бедные страны часто оказываются под бременем нежизнеспособного долга. — But the globalization has not done it: the unfair mode of the global trade suppressing the development; the unstable global financial system leading to recurrent crises, so that the poor countries often appear under the burden of an impractical debt.
Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > периодические экономические кризисы
-
22 Language
By 2009, the Portuguese language was spoken by more than 210 million people and the number of Portuguese-speakers exceeded the number of French-speakers in the world. Seven countries have Portuguese as the official language, Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde Islands, Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe Islands, Angola, and Mozambique. Overseas Portuguese, who number 4 million, reside in another two dozen countries and continue to speak Portuguese. There are distinct differences between Brazilian and Continental (Portugal) Portuguese in spelling, pronunciation, syntax, and grammar, but both versions comprise the same language.Next to Rumanian, Portuguese is the closest of the Romance languages to old Latin. Like Gallician, to which it is intimately linked as a colanguage, Portuguese is an outgrowth of Latin as spoken in ancient Hispanica. It began to appear as a distinct language separate from Latin and Castilian in the ninth century, and historic Portuguese made its full appearance during the 12th and 13th centuries. Major changes in the language came under the influence of Castilian in the ninth and 16th centuries, and there was a Castilianization of Portuguese culture during the 1580-1640 era of Spanish rule of Portugal and its empire.The cultural aspects of Portugal reasserting her sovereignty and restoring national independence was a reaction against Castile and Castilianization. In language, this meant that Portugal opened itself to foreign, but non-Hispanic influences. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, French culture and French language became major influences enriching the Portuguese language. In international politics, there continued the impact of the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, a connection that has been less cultural than political and economic. For all the centuries of English influence in Portugal since the late 14th century, it is interesting how little cultural influence occurred, at least until recently, and how relatively few words from English have entered the language. With the globalization of English, this began to change in the late 20th century, but there remain many more loan words from Arabic, French, and Italian.
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Economic globalization — Part of the Politics series on Neoliberalism … Wikipedia
Globalization — Globalization is best defined as increasing interconnectedness between human beings on a global scale, plus increasing awareness of such interconnectedness. On both accounts, the Age of Imperialism was an age of rapid globalization in all… … Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914
Globalization — The European Central Bank in Frankfurt, Germany, is the central bank for the Eurozone. Globalization refers to the increasing unification of the world s economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export… … Wikipedia
globalization — globalization, globalization theory Globalization theory examines the emergence of a global cultural system. It suggests that global culture is brought about by a variety of social and cultural developments: the existence of a world satellite… … Dictionary of sociology
Economic anthropology — is a scholarly field that attempts to explain human economic behavior using the tools of both economics and anthropology. It is practiced by anthropologists and has a complex relationship with economics. There are three major paradigms within the … Wikipedia
Economic liberalization — is a broad term that usually refers to fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy in exchange for greater participation of private entities; the doctrine is associated with neoliberalism. The arguments for economic… … Wikipedia
globalization — [glō΄bəl i zā′shən, glō΄bəl ī zā′shən] n. the process of globalizing something; specif., the expansion of many businesses into markets throughout the world, marked by an increase in international investment, the proliferation of large… … Universalium
Economic inequality — refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income. The term typically refers to inequality among individuals and groups within a society, but can also refer to inequality among nations. Economic Inequality generally refers… … Wikipedia
Economic geography — is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities across the Earth. The subject matter investigated is strongly influenced by the researcher s methodological approach. Neoclassical location theorists,… … Wikipedia
Economic discrimination — is a term that describes a form of discrimination based on economic factors. These factors can include job availability, wages, the prices and/or availability of goods and services, and the amount of capital investment funding available to… … Wikipedia
Economic history of the Ottoman Empire — covers the period 1299 1923. The economic history falls into two distinctive sub periods.Fact|date=July 2008 The first is the classic era (enlargement), which comprised a closed agricultural economy, showing regional distinctions within the… … Wikipedia
