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early+on+in+his+career

  • 121 пообить порог

    • ОБИВАТЬ/ОБИТЬ <ПООБИВАТЬ/ПООБИТЬ rare> ПОРОГИ( чьи) < ПОРОГ (чей)> (чего, у кого, где; ОБИВАТЬ/ОБИТЬ <ПООБИВАТЬ/ПООБИТЬ rare> ВСЕ ПОРОГИ < ВЕСЬ ПОРОГ> (у кого, где) all coll
    [VP; subj: human; usu. impfv]
    =====
    ⇒ (usu. in refer, to trying to obtain sth. important for one's job or career from one's superior(s) or some organization(s); may refer to a person trying to get a job, a man trying to gain the affection of a woman etc) to go to some place(s) repeatedly, persistently requesting sth.:
    - X обивает пороги≈ X beats down doors;
    || X обивает пороги редакций (школ и т. п.) ≈ X haunts the door(way)s of various editorial (principals? etc) offices;
    - X haunts (the) editors' <(the) principals' etc> offices;
    - X runs from one editorial (principal's etc) office to another;
    - X pesters every editor (principal etc) (in town).
         ♦ "Я, конечно, напишу..." - "Напишу! Ты весь в этом. Не писать надо, а ехать, лично просить, пороги обивать!" (Стругацкие 1). "Of course I'll write-" "You'll write! That's just like you. It's not writing you have to do, you have to go there, ask in person, beat down doors" (1a).
         ♦ Статейки эти... быстро пошли в ход, и уж в этом одном молодой человек оказал всё своё практическое и умственное превосходство над тою многочисленною, вечно нуждающеюся и несчастною частью нашей учащейся молодёжи обоего пола, которая в столицах... с утра до ночи обивает пороги разных газет и журналов... (Достоевский 1). These little articles... were soon in great demand; and even in this alone the young man demonstrated his practical and intellectual superiority over that eternally needy and miserable mass of our students of both sexes who, in our capitals, from morning till night...haunt the doorways of various newspapers and magazines... (1a).
         ♦ [Тригорин:] Такой любви я не испытал ещё... В молодости было некогда, я обивал пороги редакций, боролся с нуждой... (Чехов 6). [Т.:] I have never known a love like that....In my youth there wasn't time, I was always haunting the editors' offices, fighting off poverty... (6a). [Т.:] I have never known a love like that. As a young man, I never had time; I was too busy running from one editorial office to another, trying to earn a living (6b).
         ♦ "Весьма обнадёживающе заявивший о себе ранее молодой поэт-колхозник Влад Самсонов из станицы Пластуновской, бросив семью и работу, ведёт богемный образ жизни, обивая пороги редакций со стихами, оставляющими желать много лучшего" (Максимов 2). "Vlad Samsonov, the peasant poet from the village of Plastunovskaya, whose early work was extremely promising, having abandoned his family and his work is now living a bohemian life and is pestering every editor in town with verses that leave a great deal to be desired" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > пообить порог

  • 122 пообить пороги

    • ОБИВАТЬ/ОБИТЬ <ПООБИВАТЬ/ПООБИТЬ rare> ПОРОГИ( чьи) < ПОРОГ (чей)> (чего, у кого, где; ОБИВАТЬ/ОБИТЬ <ПООБИВАТЬ/ПООБИТЬ rare> ВСЕ ПОРОГИ < ВЕСЬ ПОРОГ> (у кого, где) all coll
    [VP; subj: human; usu. impfv]
    =====
    ⇒ (usu. in refer, to trying to obtain sth. important for one's job or career from one's superior(s) or some organization(s); may refer to a person trying to get a job, a man trying to gain the affection of a woman etc) to go to some place(s) repeatedly, persistently requesting sth.:
    - X обивает пороги≈ X beats down doors;
    || X обивает пороги редакций (школ и т. п.) ≈ X haunts the door(way)s of various editorial (principals? etc) offices;
    - X haunts (the) editors' <(the) principals' etc> offices;
    - X runs from one editorial (principal's etc) office to another;
    - X pesters every editor (principal etc) (in town).
         ♦ "Я, конечно, напишу..." - "Напишу! Ты весь в этом. Не писать надо, а ехать, лично просить, пороги обивать!" (Стругацкие 1). "Of course I'll write-" "You'll write! That's just like you. It's not writing you have to do, you have to go there, ask in person, beat down doors" (1a).
         ♦ Статейки эти... быстро пошли в ход, и уж в этом одном молодой человек оказал всё своё практическое и умственное превосходство над тою многочисленною, вечно нуждающеюся и несчастною частью нашей учащейся молодёжи обоего пола, которая в столицах... с утра до ночи обивает пороги разных газет и журналов... (Достоевский 1). These little articles... were soon in great demand; and even in this alone the young man demonstrated his practical and intellectual superiority over that eternally needy and miserable mass of our students of both sexes who, in our capitals, from morning till night...haunt the doorways of various newspapers and magazines... (1a).
         ♦ [Тригорин:] Такой любви я не испытал ещё... В молодости было некогда, я обивал пороги редакций, боролся с нуждой... (Чехов 6). [Т.:] I have never known a love like that....In my youth there wasn't time, I was always haunting the editors' offices, fighting off poverty... (6a). [Т.:] I have never known a love like that. As a young man, I never had time; I was too busy running from one editorial office to another, trying to earn a living (6b).
         ♦ "Весьма обнадёживающе заявивший о себе ранее молодой поэт-колхозник Влад Самсонов из станицы Пластуновской, бросив семью и работу, ведёт богемный образ жизни, обивая пороги редакций со стихами, оставляющими желать много лучшего" (Максимов 2). "Vlad Samsonov, the peasant poet from the village of Plastunovskaya, whose early work was extremely promising, having abandoned his family and his work is now living a bohemian life and is pestering every editor in town with verses that leave a great deal to be desired" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > пообить пороги

  • 123 avec

    avec [avεk]
       a. with
    • il a commandé une pizza avec des frites ! he ordered a pizza with chips!
    • elle est avec Robert ( = elle le fréquente) she's going out with Robert ; ( = ils vivent ensemble) she's living with Robert
    ► avec cela, avec ça (inf)
       b. ( = à l'égard de)
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Lorsque avec signifie à l'égard de, sa traduction dépend de l'adjectif qu'il accompagne. Reportez-vous à l'autre mot.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       c. (manière)
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Lorsque avec + nom exprime le moyen ou la manière, l'anglais utilise souvent un adverbe. Reportez-vous à l'autre mot.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    2. adverb
    (inf) tiens mes gants, je ne peux pas conduire avec hold my gloves, I can't drive with them on
    • rends-moi mon stylo, tu allais partir avec ! give me back my pen, you were going to walk off with it!
    • il faudra bien faire avec he (or we etc) will have to make do
    * * *
    avɛk
    1.
    (colloq) adverbe

    mon chapeau lui a plu, elle est partie avec — she liked my hat and went off with it


    2.

    se marier avec quelqu'un — to marry somebody, to get married to somebody

    et avec cela, que désirez-vous? — what else would you like?


    ••
    La préposition avec se traduit presque toujours par with
    - l'accompagnement: danser avec quelqu'un = to dance with somebody; du vin blanc avec du cassis = white wine with blackcurrant
    - la possession: la dame avec le chapeau noir = the lady with the black hat; une chemise avec un grand col = a shirt with a large collar
    - la relation: être d'accord avec quelqu'un = to agree with somebody; avec lui c'est toujours pareil = it's always the same with him
    - la simultanéité: se lever avec le soleil = to get up with the sun
    - l'opposition: se battre avec quelqu'un = to fight with somebody; être en concurrence avec quelqu'un = to be in competition with somebody
    - l'identité de vue: je suis avec toi = I'm with you
    - le moyen: avec une fourchette/une canne/de l'argent = with a fork/a stick/money
    Quand elle désigne la manière elle se traduit souvent par un adverbe formé à partir du nom qui la suit: avec attention = carefully; avec passion = passionately. On trouvera ces expressions sous attention, passion etc
    On notera toutefois que avec beaucoup d'attention, avec une grande passion se traduisent: with great care, with a lot of passion. Les expressions telles que avec l'âge/l'expérience/les années etc sont traitées respectivement sous âge, expérience, année etc
    * * *
    avɛk
    1. prép
    1) (= accompagné de) with

    J'y suis allé avec mon père. — I went there with my father.

    avec ça (= malgré ça) — for all that

    2) (= au moyen de, en utilisant) with

    Je l'ai ajusté avec un rabot. — I shaved it with a plane.

    3) (= en faisant preuve de)

    avec grand soin — with great care, very carefully

    Il l'a fait avec soin. — He did it carefully.

    4) (= quand il s'agit de) with

    Avec eux, on n'est jamais tranquille. — With them you can never relax.

    5) (= à l'égard de)

    Elle a été très dure avec lui. — She was very hard on him.

    2. adv

    Il y avait Marie, Sébastien et qui d'autre avec? — There was Marie, Sébastien and who else with them?

    Il faudra faire avec. — We'll have to make do.

    * * *
    avec ⇒ Note d'usage
    A ○adv mon chapeau lui a plu, elle est partie avec she liked my hat and went off with it; si tu lui donnes tes bijoux, il va jouer avec if you give him your jewels he'll play with them; quand j'enlève le papier peint le plâtre vient avec when I take the wallpaper off, the plaster comes away with it.
    B prép viens avec tes amis bring your friends with you; une maison avec jardin/piscine a house with a garden GB ou yard US/swimming pool; je suis arrivée avec la pluie it started raining when I arrived; avec cette chaleur in ou with this heat; avec ce brouillard il va y avoir des accidents there are going to be some accidents with this fog; se marier avec qn to marry sb, to get married to sb; et avec cela, que désirez-vous? what else would you like?; je fais tout son travail et avec ça il n'est pas content! I do all his work and he's still not happy!; sa séparation or son divorce d'avec son mari her separation from her husband.
    [avɛk] préposition
    1. [indiquant la complémentarité, l'accompagnement, l'accord] with
    avec dans le rôle principal/dans son premier rôle, X starring/introducing X
    [envers]
    être patient/honnête avec quelqu'un to be patient/honest with somebody
    se comporter bien/mal avec quelqu'un to behave well/badly towards somebody
    [en ce qui concerne]
    a. [en plus] and on top of that ou and what's more, he's not happy!
    b. [malgré tout] with all that, he's still not happy!
    2. [indiquant la simultanéité]
    3. [indiquant une relation d'opposition] with
    4. [indiquant une relation de cause] with
    avec le temps qu'il fait, je préfère ne pas sortir I prefer not to go out in this weather
    ils ne pourront pas venir, avec cette pluie they won't be able to come with (all) this rain
    avec ce nouveau scandale, le ministre va tomber this new scandal will mean the end of the minister's career
    ils ont compris avec le temps in time, they understood
    5. [malgré]
    avec ses airs aimables, c'est une vraie peste despite his pleasant manner, he's a real pest
    6. [indiquant la manière] with
    faire quelque chose avec plaisir to do something with pleasure, to take pleasure in doing something
    regarder quelqu'un avec passion/mépris to look at somebody passionately/contemptuously
    7. [indiquant le moyen, l'instrument] with
    fonctionner avec des piles to run on batteries, to be battery-operated
    ————————
    [avɛk] adverbe
    ôtez vos chaussures, vous ne pouvez pas entrer avec take off your shoes, you can't come in with them (on)
    ————————
    d'avec locution prépositionnelle

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > avec

  • 124 Davis, Robert Henry

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 6 June 1870 London, England
    d. 29 March 1965 Epsom, Surrey, England
    [br]
    English inventor of breathing, diving and escape apparatus.
    [br]
    Davis was the son of a detective with the City of London police. At the age of 11 he entered the employment of Siebe, Gorman \& Co., manufacturers of diving and other safety equipment since 1819, at their Lambeth works. By good fortune, his neat handwriting attracted the notice of Mr Gorman and he was transferred to work in the office. He studied hard after working hours and rose steadily in the firm. In his twenties he was promoted to Assistant Manager, then General Manager, Managing Director and finally Governing Director. He retired in 1960, having been made Life President the previous year, and continued to attend the office regularly until May 1964.
    Davis's entire career was devoted to research and development in the firm's special field. In 1906 he perfected the first practicable oxygen-breathing apparatus for use in mine rescue; it was widely adopted and with modifications was still in use in the 1990s. With Professor Leonard Hill he designed a deep-sea diving-bell incorporating a decompression chamber. He also invented an oxygen-breathing apparatus and heated apparel for airmen flying at high altitudes.
    Immediately after the first German gas attacks on the Western Front in April 1915, Davis devised a respirator, known as the stocking skene or veil mask. He quickly organized the mass manufacture of this device, roping in members of his family and placing the work in the homes of Lambeth: within 48 hours the first consignment was being sent off to France.
    He was a member of the Admiralty Deep Sea Diving Committee, which in 1933 completed tables for the safe ascent of divers with oxygen from a depth of 300 ft (91 m). They were compiled by Davis in conjunction with Professors J.B.S.Haldane and Leonard Hill and Captain G.C.Damant, the Royal Navy's leading diving expert. With revisions these tables have been used by the Navy ever since. Davis's best-known invention was first used in 1929: the Davis Submarine Escape Apparatus. It became standard equipment on submarines until it was replaced by the Built-in Breathing System, which the firm began manufacturing in 1951.
    The firm's works were bombed during the Second World War and were re-established at Chessington, Surrey. The extensive research facilities there were placed at the disposal of the Royal Navy and the Admiralty Experimental Diving Unit. Davis worked with Haldane and Hill on problems of the underwater physiology of working divers. A number of inventions issued from Chessington, such as the human torpedo, midget submarine and human minesweeper. In the early 1950s the firm helped to pioneer the use of underwater television to investigate the sinking of the submarine Affray and the crashed Comet jet airliners.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1932.
    Bibliography
    Davis was the author of several manuals on diving including Deep Sea Diving and Submarine Operations and Breathing in Irrespirable Atmospheres. He also wrote Resuscitation: A Brief Personal History of Siebe, Gorman \& Co. 1819–1957.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1965, The Times, 31 March, p. 16.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Davis, Robert Henry

  • 125 Gooch, Sir Daniel

    [br]
    b. 24 August 1816 Bedlington, Northumberland, England
    d. 15 October 1889 Clewer Park, Berkshire, England
    [br]
    English engineer, first locomotive superintendent of the Great Western Railway and pioneer of transatlantic electric telegraphy.
    [br]
    Gooch gained experience as a pupil with several successive engineering firms, including Vulcan Foundry and Robert Stephenson \& Co. In 1837 he was engaged by I.K. Brunel, who was then building the Great Western Railway (GWR) to the broad gauge of 7 ft 1/4 in. (2.14 m), to take charge of the railway's locomotive department. He was just 21 years old. The initial locomotive stock comprised several locomotives built to such extreme specifications laid down by Brunel that they were virtually unworkable, and two 2–2–2 locomotives, North Star and Morning Star, which had been built by Robert Stephenson \& Co. but left on the builder's hands. These latter were reliable and were perpetuated. An enlarged version, the "Fire Fly" class, was designed by Gooch and built in quantity: Gooch was an early proponent of standardization. His highly successful 4–2–2 Iron Duke of 1847 became the prototype of GWR express locomotives for the next forty-five years, until the railway's last broad-gauge sections were narrowed. Meanwhile Gooch had been largely responsible for establishing Swindon Works, opened in 1843. In 1862 he designed 2–4–0 condensing tank locomotives to work the first urban underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway in London. Gooch retired in 1864 but was then instrumental in arranging for Brunel's immense steamship Great Eastern to be used to lay the first transatlantic electric telegraph cable: he was on board when the cable was successfully laid in 1866. He had been elected Member of Parliament for Cricklade (which constituency included Swindon) in 1865, and the same year he had accepted an invitation to become Chairman of the Great Western Railway Company, which was in financial difficulties; he rescued it from near bankruptcy and remained Chairman until shortly before his death. The greatest engineering work undertaken during his chairmanship was the boring of the Severn Tunnel.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1866 (on completion of transatlantic telegraph).
    Bibliography
    1972, Sir Daniel Gooch, Memoirs and Diary, ed. R.B.Wilson, with introd. and notes, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    Further Reading
    A.Platt, 1987, The Life and Times of Daniel Gooch, Gloucester: Alan Sutton (puts Gooch's career into context).
    C.Hamilton Ellis, 1958, Twenty Locomotive Men, Ian Allan (contains a good short biography).
    J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles, pp. 112–5.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Gooch, Sir Daniel

  • 126 Lubetkin, Berthold

    [br]
    b. 12 December 1901 Tiflis, Georgia
    d. 23 October 1990 Bristol, England
    [br]
    Soviet émigré architect who, through the firm of Tecton, wins influential in introducing architecture of the modern international style into England.
    [br]
    Lubetkin studied in Moscow, where in the years immediately after 1917 he met Vesnin and Rodchenko and absorbed the contemporary Constructivist ideas. He then moved on to Paris and worked with Auguste Perret, coming in on the ground floor of the modern movement. He went to England in 1930 and two years later formed the Tecton group, leading six young architects who had newly graduated from the Architectural Association in London. Lubetkin's early commissions in England were for animals rather than humans. He designed the gorilla house (1932) at the Regent's Park Zoological Gardens, after which came his award-winning Penguin Pool there, a sculptural blend of curved planes in reinforced concrete. He also worked at Whipsnade and at Dudley Zoo. The name of Tecton had quickly became synonymous with modern methods of design and structure, particularly the use of reinforced concrete; such work was not common in the 1930s in Britain. In 1938–9 the firm was responsible for another pace-setting design, the Finsbury Health Centre in London. Tecton was disbanded during the Second World War, and although it was reformed in the late 1940s it did not recover its initiative in leading the field of modern work. Lubetkin lived on to be an old man but his post-war career did not fulfil his earlier promise and brilliance. He was appointed Architect-Planner of the Peterlee New Town in 1948, but he resigned after a few years and no other notable commissions materialized. In 1982 the Royal Institute of British Architects belatedly remembered him with the award of their Gold Medal.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    RIBA Gold Medal 1982.
    Further Reading
    John Allan, 1992, Architecture and the Tradition of Progress, RIBA publications. R.Furneaux Jordan, 1955, "Lubetkin", Architectural Review 36–44.
    P.Coe and M.Reading, 1981, Lubetkin and Tecton, University of Bristol Arts Council.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Lubetkin, Berthold

  • 127 Papanicolaou, George Nicolas

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. 13 May 1883 Kimi, Greece
    d. 19 February 1962 Miami, Florida, USA
    [br]
    Greek physician and pathological anatomist, developer of the Papanicolaou cytological smear test (Pap test).
    [br]
    Of a medical family, he graduated at Athens in 1904. After postgraduate study at Jena, Freiburg and Munich, he returned to Greece and turned to an academic career. After a year at the Oceanographie Institute at Monaco and a period in Paris, he again returned to Greece and in 1911 served in the army in the Balkan War.
    In 1913 he emigrated to the United States and was appointed to the pathology department of New York Hospital and Cornell Medical College. He became Emeritus Professor of Clinical Anatomy at Cornell in 1951. In 1961 he moved to Florida to head the Miami Cancer Institute, but he died shortly thereafter.
    Almost all his research was devoted to the physiology of reproduction and exfoliative cyto-logy, and from his studies in 1917 on vaginal discharge in animals he developed his human studies culminating in cancer diagnostic tests, which after some early scepticism soon gained wide acceptance as a routine screening technique. There are laboratories at both Cornell and Miami that are named after him.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1943, with H.Traut, Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the Vaginal Smear, New York. 1954, Atlas of Exfoliative Cytology, Cambridge, Mass.
    Further Reading
    D.E.Carmichael, 1973, The Pap Smear: Life of George N.Papanicolaou, Springfield, 111.
    MG

    Biographical history of technology > Papanicolaou, George Nicolas

  • 128 Tournachon, Gaspard Félix (Nadar)

    [br]
    b. 1820
    d. 1910 Paris, France
    [br]
    French photographer and photographic innovator, pioneer of balloon photography.
    [br]
    He began his photographic career as a daguerreotypist and at an early date called himself "Nadar", the name by which he was known for the rest of his life. Between 1855 and 1858 he made captive balloon ascents with the idea of producing a topographic map of Paris from aerial photographs. Nadar was also one of the first photographers to take successful photographs with the aid of artificial illuminants; using Bunsen batteries to power electric arc lamps, he was able to take views of the underground catacombs in Paris during 1861 and 1862. This exercise captured the imagination of the Paris public, and Nadar's work was widely acclaimed. In December 1863 he exhibited portraits taken by electric light, and later used magnesium illuminants to photograph underground canal construction. For many years Nadar practised as a photographer with his son Paul, a relationship that was sometimes stormy. Paul eventually took the name Nadar for himself and was, in turn, to become one of France's most celebrated photographers.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    29 October 1858, British patent no. 2,425 (balloon photography).
    Further Reading
    J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York.
    H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.
    JW

    Biographical history of technology > Tournachon, Gaspard Félix (Nadar)

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