-
1 Meusnier, Jean Baptiste Marie
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 1754 Tours, Franced. 1793 Mainz, Germany[br]French designer of the "dirigible balloon" (airship).[br]Just a few days after the first balloon flight by the relatively primitive Montgolfier hot-air balloon, a design for a sophisticated steerable or "dirigible" balloon was proposed by a young French army officer. On 3 December 1783, Lieutenant (later General) Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier of the Corps of Engineers presented to the Académie des Sciences a paper entitled Mémoire sur l'équilibre des machines aérostatiques. This outlined Meusnier's ideas and so impressed the learned members of the Academy that they commissioned him to make a more complete study. This was published in 1784 and contained sixteen water-colour drawings of the proposed airship, which are preserved by the Musée de l'Air in Paris.Meusnier's "machine aérostatique" was ellipsoidal in shape, in contrast to those of his unsuccessful contemporaries who tried to make spherical balloons steerable, often using oars for propulsion. Meusnier's proposed airship was 79.2 m (260 ft) long with the crew in a slim boat slung below the envelope (in case of a landing on water); it was steered by a large sail-like rudder at the rear end. Between the envelope and the boat were three propellers, which were to be manually driven as there was no suitable engine available; this was the first design for a propeller-driven aircraft. The most important innovation was a ballonnet, a balloon within the main envelope that was pressurized with air supplied by bellows in the boat. Varying the amount of air in the ballonnet would compensate for changes in the volume of hydrogen gas in the main envelope when the airship changed altitude. The ballonnet would also help to maintain the external shape of the main envelope.General Meusnier was killed in action in 1793 and it was almost one hundred years from the date of his publication that his idea of ballonnets was put into practice, by Dupuy de Lome in 1872, and later by Renard and Krebs.[br]Bibliography1784, Mémoire sur l'équilibre des machines aérostatiques, Paris; repub. Paris: Musée de l'Air.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London (paperback 1985). Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London.JDSBiographical history of technology > Meusnier, Jean Baptiste Marie
См. также в других словарях:
Dupuy — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Charles Dupuy (1851–1923), französischer Premierminister Claude Dupuy (1545–1594), französischer Humanist Dominique Dupuy (1812–1885), französischer Zoologe und Botaniker Henri Dupuy (1574–1646),… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Dupuy — may refer to: Dupuy (surname) Places Dupuy, Quebec, a village in Abitibi Ouest Saint Julien du Puy a commune in the French département of Tarn, Midi Pyrénées region See also Bache Gabrielsen, a brand of cognac marketed as Dupuy in France Dupuis… … Wikipedia
Dupuy — Dupuy, Cap der Nordwestküste Neuhollands im Wittsland … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Dupuy — (spr. düpüi), 1) Jean, franz. Politiker, geb. 1. Okt. 1844 in St. Palais (Gironde), widmete sich dem Journalismus und wurde Direktor der demokratischen Zeitung »Le Petit Parisien«. 1891 zum Senator für das Depart. Oberpyrenäen gewählt, schloß er… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Dupuy — (spr. düpüih), Charles, franz. Politiker, geb. 5. Nov. 1851 in Le Puy, Prof. an verschiedenen Collèges, 1885 Mitglied der Depurtiertenkammer, 1892 93 Unterrichtsminister, April bis Nov. 1893 Ministerpräsident und Minister des Innern, dann… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Dupuy — Un nom très fréquent en France, au sud de la Loire. Désigne celui qui habite sur une colline (puy, du latin podium, cf Puig). Peut aussi plus rarement représenter une personne originaire du Puy … Noms de famille
Dupuy — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Pour les articles homophones, voir Dupuis (homonymie) et Dupuit. Patronyme Anne Marie Dupuy (1920 2008), femme politique française, ancienne maire… … Wikipédia en Français
DUPUY — FRANCE (see also List of Individuals) 15.10.1816 Lorient/F 1.2.1885 Paris/F Stanislas Charles Dupuy de Lôme started his career at the port of Toulon once having graduated from Ecole Polytechnique and then from Ecole Navale in Lorient. There he… … Hydraulicians in Europe 1800-2000
Dupuy (surname) — Dupuy may refer to: Dupuy (surname) Dupuy, also spelled DuPuy, and in its noble form du Puy (variant: du Puis) is a popular Francophone surname rich in history and peerage, dating back to medieval times. Translated the name means of Puy , Puy… … Wikipedia
Dupuy (Quebec) — Dupuy (Québec) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Dupuy. Dupuy Ajouter une image Administration Pay … Wikipédia en Français
Dupuy, Quebec — Dupuy Municipality … Wikipedia
