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1 Leclanché, Georges
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 1839 Paris, Franced. 14 September 1882 Paris, France[br]French chemist and inventor of the primary cell named after him, from which the electrochemical principles of the modern dry cell have been developed.[br]Leclanché was sent to England for his early education. Returning to France, he entered the Central School of Arts and Manufacture, from which he graduated as a chemical engineer in 1860. He spent some years with a railway company in setting up an electrical timing system, and this work led him to electrochemical research. Driven by political pressure into exile, he set up a small laboratory in Brussels to continue the studies of the behaviour of voltaic cells he had started in France. Many workers directed their efforts to constructing a cell with a single electrolyte and a solid insoluble depo-larizer, but it was Leclanché who produced, in 1866, the prototype of a battery that was rugged, cheap and contained no highly corro-sive liquid. With electrodes of carbon and zinc and a solution of ammonium chloride, polarization was prevented by surrounding the positive electrode with manganese dioxide. The Leclanché cell was adopted by the Belgian Government Telegraph Service in 1868 and rapidly came into general use wherever an intermittent current was needed; for example, in telegraph and later in telephone circuits. Carl Gassner in 1888 pioneered successful dry cells based on the Leclanché system, with the zinc anode serving as the container, and c. 1890 commercial production of such cells began.[br]Bibliography10 October 1866, British patent no. 2,623 (Leclanché cell).1868, "Pile au peroxyde de manganèse à seul liquide", Les Mondes 16:532–3 (describes the Leclanché cell).Further ReadingM.Barak, 1966, "Georges Leclanché (1939–1882)", IEE Electronics and Power 12:184– 91 (a detailed account).N.C.Cahoon and G.W.Heise (eds), 1976, The Primary Battery, Vol. II, New York, pp. 1–147 (describes subsequent developments), GW
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Electrolyte — This article is about the ionic solution. For the R.E.M. song, see Electrolite. In chemistry, an electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive. The most typical electrolyte is an ionic solution … Wikipedia
dry-cell — dryˈ cell noun (elec) An electric cell in which the electrolyte is not a liquid but a paste • • • Main Entry: ↑dry … Useful english dictionary
dry cell — dry′ cell n. elm a cell in which the electrolyte exists in the form of a paste, is absorbed in a porous medium, or is otherwise restrained from flowing • Etymology: 1890–95 … From formal English to slang
dry cell — n. a voltaic cell in which the electrolyte is in the form of a moist paste or gel that cannot spill … English World dictionary
Dry cell — A dry cell is a galvanic electrochemical cell with a pasty low moisture electrolyte. A wet cell, on the other hand, is a cell with a liquid electrolyte, such as the lead acid batteries in most cars.While a dry cell s electrolyte is not truly… … Wikipedia
dry cell — noun a small Leclanche cell containing no free liquid; the electrolyte is a paste and the negative zinc pole forms the container of the cell; used in flashlights, portable radios, etc. • Hypernyms: ↑Leclanche cell • Part Holonyms: ↑dry battery *… … Useful english dictionary
dry — adj., v., & n. adj. (drier; driest) 1 free from moisture, not wet, esp.: a with any moisture having evaporated, drained, or been wiped away (the clothes are not dry yet). b (of the eyes) free from tears. c (of a climate etc.) with insufficient… … Useful english dictionary
dry charged battery — A battery with the plates charged but lacking electrolyte when ready to be placed in service, the electrolyte is added … Dictionary of automotive terms
dry cell — (also dry battery) noun an electric cell (or battery) in which the electrolyte is absorbed in a solid to form a paste … English new terms dictionary
dry cell — Elect. a cell in which the electrolyte exists in the form of a paste, is absorbed in a porous medium, or is otherwise restrained from flowing. Cf. battery (def. 1). [1890 95] * * * … Universalium
dry cell — noun Any electrochemical cell whose electrolyte is a solid or stiff paste … Wiktionary
