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61 learning
nобучение; целенаправленный процесс передачи и усвоения знаний, включая получение образования и квалификации.* * *сущ.обучение; целенаправленный процесс передачи и усвоения знаний, включая получение образования и квалификации. -
62 learning
обучение, самообучение, изучение
– learning by association
– learning by doing
– learning by example
– learning by experience
– learning by hypothesizing and justifying
– learning by insight
– learning capability
– learning control
– learning curve
– learning staff
– learning system
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63 Learning
One mental function or activity improves others in so far as and because they are in part identical with it, because it contains elements common to them. Addition improves multiplication because multiplication is largely addition; knowledge of Latin gives increased ability to learn French because many of the facts learned in the one case are needed in the other. (Thorndike, 1906, p. 243)The Law of Effect is that: Of several responses made to the same situation, those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, so that, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed by discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal, have their connections with that situation weakened, so that, when it recurs, they will be less likely to recur. The greater the satisfaction or discomfort, the greater the strengthening or weakening of the bond.The Law of Exercise is that: Any response to a situation will, other things being equal, be more strongly connected with the situation in proportion to the number of times it has been connected with that situation and to the average vigor and duration of the connections. (E. L. Thorndike, 1970, p. 244)The main objection to the prevailing [associationist] theory, which makes one kind of connection the basis of all learning, is not that it may be incorrect but that in the course of psychological research it has prevented an unbiased study of other kinds of learning. (Katona, 1940, pp. 4-5)I believe that learning by examples, learning by being told, learning by imitation, learning by reinforcement and other forms are much like one another. In the literature on learning there is frequently an unstated assumption that these various forms are fundamentally different. But I think the classical boundaries between the various kinds of learning will disappear once superficially different kinds of learning are understood in terms of processes that construct and manipulate descriptions. (Winston, 1975, p. 185)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Learning
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64 learning
1) накопление опыта, накопление технического опыта2) осмысление; познание (напр. при обучении робота), изучение, приобретение знаний3) обучение•learning from examples — обучение (напр. робота) по примерам
learning from instructions learning — обучение (напр. робота) по внешним инструкциям
learning from observation — обучение (напр. робота) на основе обработки данных в ЭВМ ( без участия оператора)
- machine learninglearning without a teacher — обучение (напр. робота) на основе обработки данных в ЭВМ ( без участия оператора)
- programmed learning
- rote learning
- unsupervised learningEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > learning
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65 learning
noun* * *noun (knowledge which has been gained by learning: The professor was a man of great learning.) die Gelehrsamkeit* * *learn·ing[ˈlɜ:nɪŋ, AM ˈlɜ:r-]n no plhe is a man of great \learning er ist ein bedeutender Gelehrter* * *['lɜːnɪŋ]n1) (= act) Lernen ntdifficulties encountered during the learning of geometry/English — Schwierigkeiten beim Erlernen der Geometrie/beim Englischlernen
the learning contained in these volumes — das in diesen Bänden enthaltene Wissen
seat of learning — Stätte f der Gelehrsamkeit
* * *learning s1. Gelehrsamkeit f, Gelehrtheit f2. (Er)Lernen n:learning by doing Grundsatz, nach dem Lernen sich hauptsächlich in der praktischen Auseinandersetzung mit den Dingen vollzieht3. meist pl US Lehrstoff m* * *noun* * *n.Gelehrsamkeit f. -
66 learning
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computer-aided learning
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concept learning
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machine learning
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method learning
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parameter learning
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programmed learning
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robot learning
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rote learning -
67 learning
{'lə:niŋ}
n науkа, познания, ученост, ерудиция
the New LEARNING ист. хуманизъм, ренесансът* * *{'lъ:nin} n науkа; познания; ученост, ерудиция; the New L. и* * *ученост; учене; ерудиция; научаване; наука;* * *1. n науkа, познания, ученост, ерудиция 2. the new learning ист. хуманизъм, ренесансът* * *learning[´lə:niʃ] n 1. учене, научаване; \learning-by-doing обучение в практиката; 2. наука, ученост, ерудиция; познания; seat of \learning център на науката; polite-\learning художествена литература, класическо образование; the New L. ист. хуманизъм; a man of great \learning ерудиран човек. -
68 learning
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69 learning
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70 learning aid
1) обр. помощь в обучении ( как правило о предметах)The guide also contains a sample final exam which can serve as an additional learning aid. — Это руководство содержит образец итоговых экзаменационных заданий, который может оказать дополнительную помощь в обучении.
See:2) обр. учебное пособие, учебник (может обозначать не только книгу, но и кассеты, компакт-диски, комплекты материалов и т. п.)a learning aid, incorporating two CDs and a book — учебное пособие, включающее два компакт-диска и книгу
These tapes are an excellent learning aid. — Эти кассеты представляют собой превосходное учебное пособие.
Syn: -
71 learning organization
Gen Mgtan organizational model characterized by a flat structure and customer-focused teams, that engenders the collective ability to develop shared visions by capturing and exploiting employees’ willingness, commitment, and curiosity. The concept of the learning organization was proposed by Chris Argyris and Donald Schön as part of their work on organizational learning, but was brought back to public attention in the 1990s by Peter Senge. For Senge, a learning organization is one with the capacity to shift away from views inherent to a traditional hierarchical, organization, toward the ability of all employees to challenge prevailing thinking and gain a balanced perspective. Senge believes the five major elements of a learning organization are mental models, personal mastery, systems thinking, shared vision, and team learning. Because of the requirement for an open, risktolerant culture, which is the opposite of the corporate culture of most organizations today, the learning organization remains, for many, an unattainable ideal. -
72 learning
noun (knowledge which has been gained by learning: The professor was a man of great learning.) lærdomlærdomsubst. \/ˈlɜːnɪŋ\/1) læring, innlæring2) viten, lærdom, dannelse, kunnskapthe new learning humanismen (i 1500-tallets England)the psychology of learning læringspsykologi -
73 Learning
subs.Wisdom: P. and V. σοφία, ἡ.Science: P. and V. ἐπιστήμη, ἡ.Knowledge: P. and V. ἐπιστήμη, ἡ.Branch of knowledge: Ar. and P. μάθημα, τό.Culture: Ar. and P. παιδεία, ἡ.Act of learning: P. and V. μάθησις, ἡ.Erudition: P. πολυμαθία, ἡ.Quick at learning, adj.: P. εὐμαθής.Quickness at learning, subs.: P. εὐμάθεια, ἡ.Fond of learning, adj.: P. φιλομαθής.Fondness for learning, subs.: P. φιλομάθεια, ἡ.Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Learning
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74 learning curve
Gen Mgt [m1]1. a graphic representation of the acquisition of knowledge or experience over time. A steep learning curve reflects a substantial amount of learning in a short time, and a shallow curve reflects a slower learning process. The curve eventually levels out to a plateau, during which time the knowledge gained is being consolidated.2. the proportional decrease in effort when production is doubled. The learning curve has its origin in productivity research in the airplane industry of the 1930s, when T. P. Wright discovered that in assembling an aircraft, the time and effort decreased by 20% each time the cumulative number of planes produced doubled. Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group formulated the learning curve as a strategic planning device in the 1960s by plotting product costs against cumulative volume. -
75 learning
learning capability — способность к обучению; обучаемость
rote learning — обучение методом "заучивания наизусть"
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76 learning
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77 learning
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78 learning
['lɜːnɪŋ]1) (erudition) cultura f., erudizione f.2) (process) apprendimento m.••a little learning is a dangerous thing — prov. = il conoscere qualcosa in modo superficiale può essere controproducente
* * *noun (knowledge which has been gained by learning: The professor was a man of great learning.) cultura, sapere, erudizione* * *['lɜːnɪŋ]1) (erudition) cultura f., erudizione f.2) (process) apprendimento m.••a little learning is a dangerous thing — prov. = il conoscere qualcosa in modo superficiale può essere controproducente
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79 learning curve
сущ.He has a steep learning curve ahead of him. — Ему предстоит многому научиться в предельно короткий срок.
Back then, we were all on a learning curve that could only go up. People were making all sorts of messes. — Мы тогда были на самой нижней точке кривой обучения. Каких только ошибок не допускали!
We find ladies have a far more efficient learning curve than men. — Мы находим, что эффективность обучения у женщин намного выше, чем у мужчин.
The learning curve depends not on length of time so much as on talent. — Показатели кривой обучения зависят не столько от количества времени, сколько от способностей.
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80 learning
['ləːnɪŋ]nучение, знания, образованность, учёностьHe was a scholar of high learning. — Он был большим ученым.
A little learning is a dangerous thing. — ◊ Полузнание хуже незнания.
Repetition is the mother of learning. — ◊ Повторение - мать учения
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