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1 аппарат для растворения
Русско-английский словарь по химии > аппарат для растворения
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2 чан-солерастворитель
Food industry: salt dissolving apparatusУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > чан-солерастворитель
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3 чан-солерастворитель
Русско-английский словарь по пищевой промышленности > чан-солерастворитель
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4 Wollaston, William Hyde
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 6 August 1766 East Dereham, Norfolk, Englandd. 22 December 1828 London, England[br]English chemist and metallurgist who discovered palladium and rhodium, pioneer in the fabrication of platinum.[br]Wollaston qualified in medicine at Cambridge University but gave up his practice in 1800 to devote himself to chemistry and metallurgy, funded from the profits from making malleable platinum. In partnership with Smithson Tennant, a friend from his Cambridge days, he worked on the extraction of platinum by dissolving it in aqua regia. In 1802 he found that in addition to platinum the solution contained a new metal, which he named palladium. Two years later he identified another new metal, rhodium.Wollaston developed a method of forming platinum by means of powder metallurgy and was the first to produce malleable and ductile platinum on a commercial scale. He produced platinum vessels for sulphuric acid manufacture and scientific apparatus such as crucibles. He devised an elegant method for forming fine platinum wire. He also applied his inventive talents to improving scientific apparatus, including the sextant and microscope and a reflecting goniometer for measuring crystal angles. In 1807 he was appointed Joint Secretary of the Royal Society with Sir Humphry Davy, which entailed a heavy workload and required them to referee all the papers submitted to the Society for publication.Wollaston's output of platinum began to decline after 1822. Due to ill health he ceased business operations in 1828 and at last made public the details of his secret platinum fabrication process. It was fully described in the Bakerian Lecture he delivered to the Royal Society on 28 November 1828, shortly before his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1793.BibliographyHis scientific papers were published in various journals, nearly all listed in the Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers.Further ReadingThere is no good general biography, the best general account being the entry inDictionary of Scientific Biography.D.McDonald, 1960, A History of Platinum from the Earliest Times to the Eighteen- Eighties, London (provides a good discussion of his work on platinum).M.E.Weeks, 1939, "The discovery of the elements", Journal of Chemical Education: 184–5.ASDBiographical history of technology > Wollaston, William Hyde
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5 клерувальний
клерувальний апарат — melting apparatus, dissolver, melter, remelter
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6 Dancer, John Benjamin
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1812 Englandd. 1887 England[br]English instrument maker and photographer, pioneer of microphotography.[br]The son of a scientific instrument maker, Dancer was educated privately in Liverpool, where from 1817 his father practised his trade. John Benjamin became a skilled instrument maker in his own right, assisting in the family business until his father's death in 1835. He set up on his own in Liverpool in 1840 and in Manchester in 1841. In the course of his career Dancer made instruments for several of the leading scientists of the day, his clients including Brewster, Dalton and Joule.Dancer became interested in photography as soon as the new art was announced in 1839 and practised the processes of both Talbot and Daguerre. It was later claimed that as early as 1839 he used an achromatic lens combination to produce a minute image on a daguerreotype plate, arguably the world's first microphotograph and the precursor of modern microfilm. It was not until the introduction of Archer's wet-collodion process in 1851 that Dancer was able to perfect the technique however. He went on to market a long series of microphotographs which proved extremely popular with both the public and contemporary photographers. It was examples of Dancer's microphotographs that prompted the French photographer Dagron to begin his work in the same field. In 1853 Dancer constructed a binocular stereoscopic camera, the first practicable instrument of its type. In an improved form it was patented and marketed in 1856.Dancer also made important contributions to the magic lantern. He was the first to suggest the use of limelight as an illuminant, pioneered the use of photographic lantern slides and devised an ingenious means of switching gas from one lantern illuminant to another to produce what were known as dissolving views. He was a resourceful innovator in other fields of instrumentation and suggested several other minor improvements to scientific apparatus before his working life was sadly terminated by the loss of his sight.[br]Further ReadingAnon., 1973, "John Benjamin Dancer, originator of microphotography", British Journal of Photography (16 February): 139–41.H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.JW
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